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FOREWORD 

HE  Panama- Pacific  Dental  Congress  was  primarily 
conceived  as  Dentistry's  contribution  to  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

As  the  great  water-way  which  now  unites  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific — bringing  nearer  the  East  and  West — contributes 
to  a  better  understanding  of  men  and  nations  engaged  in 
travel  and  trade,  so — it  is  expected — will  this  Congress  of 
Dentists,  representing  so  many  countries  and  branches  of 
the  Science,  do  much  to  bring  about  a  more  perfect  profes- 
sional brotherhood,  and  to  disseminate  the  results  of  that 
knowledge,  experience  and  skill  which  Dental  Medicine 
brings  for  the  alleviation  of  pain  and  the  conservation  of 
oral  health. 

This  book  is  the  Official  Program  and  Souvenir  of  the 
Congress.  The  arrangement  of  the  papers  and  clinics  will 
be,  for  obvious  reasons,  subject  to  change,  and  a  Daily 
Bulletin  will  be  issued  containing  the  day's  program. 

Appreciation  and  thanks  are  expressed  to  Mr.  Robert 
Newton  Lynch,  Mr.  Frank  Morton  Todd,  The  San  Fran- 
cisco Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  Publicity  Bureau  of  the 
Panama  -  Pacific  Exposition,  Sunset  Magazine  and  the 
World  Traveller  De  Luxe  for  much  of  the  interesting 
data  relative  to  San  Francisco  and  the  Exposition. 

— Program  Committee. 


'-SL\ 


Copyright  1915 


THE  ABBOTT  PRESS 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


i 


- .  ^ 


Table    of    Contents 


Title  Page 

Foreword 

Officers 

Committees,  Local 

History  of  the  Organization  and  Pro- 
motion of  the  Panama-Pacific  Dental 
Congress 

Dentistry  in  America 

History  of  U.  S.  Army  Dental  Corps 

Development  of  Dental  Service  in  the 
U.  S.  Navy 

Argentina 

Dentistry  in  Australia 

Dentistry  in  Austria-Hungary 

Canadian  Dentistry 

History  of  Dentistry  in  Chile 

The  Dental  Profession  in  Colombia 

Brief  History  of  Dentistry  in  Cuba 

Dental  Profession  in  Denmark,  The 

England 

Ireland 

Dentist's  Work  in  Finland,  The 

Synopsis  of  the  Evolution  of  Dentistry 
in  France 

Dental  Institute  of  Guatemala,  The 

State  of  Dentistry  in  Italy,  The 

Dentistry  in  Hawaii 


3      Officers  of  the  Sections 

71 

5      Membership  and  Rules 

73 

9      Synopsis  of  General  Program 

75 

10      Congress  Announcements 

80 

Netherlands 

Dentistry  in  New  Zealand 
Dentistry  in  Peru 
Philippine  Islands,  The 
Dental  Association  in  Porto  Rico 
Dentistry  in  Sweden 
Dental  School  of  Salvador 
I  breign  Committees 
State  and  National  Executive  Commit- 
tees 


List    of    Societies    and    Their    Officers 
which    will   meet    with   the    Panama- 
Pacific  Dental  Congress  81 
Scientific     Foundation     and     Research 

Commission,  N.  D.  A.  83 

Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity  85 

Psi  Omega  Fraternity  86 

Xi  Psi  Phi  Fraternity  88 

Hygiene,  Dental,  Pedagogics,  Histologi- 
cal, Anthropological  and  School  Clinic 
Exhibits  89 

Program  of  Papers  by  Sections  91 

Daily  Program  of  Papers  109 

Alphabetical  List  of  All  Contributors  to 

the  Program  113 

Section  on  Clinics  117 

The  Dentist — An  Appreciation  123 

San  Francisco — History  127 

Panama-Pacific     International     Exposi- 
tion 130 
Map  Bay  Counties  132 
How  to  See  San  Francisco  by  Trolley 

and  Cable  133 

Points  of  Interest  in  San  Francisco 
Short  Out-of-Town  Trips 
Telegraph,  Cable  and  Express  Offices 
Hospitals  and  Sanatoriums 
Churches 

General  Information 
List    of    Exhibitors   and    Their    Repre- 
sentatives 145 
Commercial  Announcements  147 
Index                                                          191 


--•K- 


But  nothing  is  more  estimable  than  a  physician  who,  having  studied  nature  from  his 
youth,  knows  the  properties  of  the  human  body,  the  diseases  which  assail  it,  the  remedies 
which  will  benefit  it,  exercises  his  art  with  caution,  and  pays  equal  attention  to  the  rich  and 
the  poor. — Voltaire. 


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Officers 

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Officers  of  the  Pacific  Dental  Congress  Commission  of  1915 

1 

Frank  L.  Piatt,  Chairman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Arthur  M.  Flood,  Secretary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Fred  G.  Baird,  Treasurer,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Joseph  Loran  Pease,  Oakland,  Cal. 

1  ■■  .V 

R.  R.  GifFen,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

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Officers  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 

1   ? 

President,  Frank  L.  Piatt,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Vice-President,  Chas.  M.  Benbrook,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Secretary,   Arthur   M.   Flood,   San   Francisco,  Cal. 

Treasurer,  Fred  G.  Baird.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

, 

Officers  and  Members  of  the  Committee  of  Organization 

j 

1 

Frank  L.  Piatt,  Chairman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Arthur  W.  Chance,  Vice-Chairman,  Portland,  Ore. 

Arthur  M.  Flood,  Secretary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Fred  G.  Baird,  Treasurer,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

H.  A.  Fredrick,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Joseph  Loran  Pease,  Oakland,  Cal. 

H.  G.  Chappel,  Oakland.  Cal. 
C.  F.  Jarvis,  Oakland,  Cal. 

T.  Sydney  Smith,  Palo  Alto,  Cal. 

R.  B.  Giffen,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

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Charles  M.  Benbrook,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

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George  T.  Williams,  Seattle,  Wash. 

George  F.  Stiehl,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 
Albert  A.  Jessup,  Boise,  Idaho 

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H.  H.  Wilson,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

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Local  Committees 

PROGRAM    COMMITTEE 


E.  E.  Evans,  Chairman,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Herbert  J.  Samuels,  Oakland,  Cal. 


Shirley  J.  Ashby,   San   Francisco,  Cal. 
M.  J.  Congdon,  Berkeley,  Cal. 


CLINIC   COMMITTEE 

John  D.  Millikin,  Chairman,  San  Francisco      E.  J.  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Samuel  W.  Hussey,  Berkeley,  Cal.  Homer  T.  Craig,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

H.  C.  Peters,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


EXHIBIT   COMMITTEE 

H.  A.  Fredrick,  Chairman,  San  Francisco      Hugh  Avary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
B.  C.  Best,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  W.  M.  Gwinn,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Arnold  B.  Peters,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


TRANSPORTATION  COMMITTEE 


Henry    Woods    Weirick, 
Harry  P.  Evans,  New  York  City. 
Alpheus  R.  Brown,  Boston,  Mass. 
J.  D.  Eby,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


Chairman,    San   Francisco,  Cal. 
R.  W.  Berthel,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
C.  F.  Fiset,  Seattle,  Wash. 
E.  M.  Carson,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


F.  W.  Gethro,  Chicago,  111. 


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Local  Committees 


LOCAL    ARRANGEMENTS    COMMITTEE 


Joseph  J.  Pfister,  Chairman,  San  Francisco 
Geo.  N.  Van  Orden,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
H.  D.  Noble,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Chas.  H.  McCarthy,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Thos.  A.  Vogel,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
W.  J.  Burridge,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


ENTERTAINMENT   COMMITTEE 


Frank  C.  Pague,  Chairman,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 
Paul  A.  Mariotte,  Oakland,  Cal. 
A.  W.  Ward,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Edward  Otis  Whitney,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Franklin  H.  Locke,  Oakland,  Cal. 


Lieut.   Robert  T.   Oliver,   Dental   Surgeon, 

U.  S.  A. 
Lieut.  William  Chambers,  Dental  Surgeon, 

U.  S.  A. 
Lieut.  Frank  W.  Wolven,  Dental  Surgeon, 

U.  S.  A. 


Lieut.  George  H.  Casaday,  Dental  Surgeon,  U.   S.   A. 
Lieut.  Emory  A.  Bryant,  Dental  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N. 


LADIES'    AUXILIARY    COMMITTEE 


President,  Mrs.  L.  L.  Dunbar,  San  Fran- 
cisco,  Cal. 

Vice-President    at     Large,     Mrs.     Garrett 
Newkirk,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

General   Secretary,   Mrs.    Henry    Woods 
Weirick,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Vice-Presidents 

Mrs.  C.  L.  Goddard,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Mrs.  E.  L.  Townsend,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Mrs.  Elmer  E.  Evans,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Mrs.  Arthur  W.  Chance,  Portland,  Ore. 

Mrs.  Geo.  T.  Williams,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Mrs.  A.  A.  Jessup,  Boise,  Idaho. 

Mrs.  W.  L.  Ellerbeck,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Mrs.  C.  T.  Starr,  Reno,  Nev. 

Mrs.  H.  H.  Wilson,  Phoenix,  Ariz. 


W^'7^. 


History  of  the  Organization  and  Promotion  of  the 
Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 


ii 

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By  Dr.  Frank  L.  Platt 


N  January  10,  1910,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Dental  Association, 
resolution  was  adopted, 
providing  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  committee  to 
take  the  initial  steps  to- 
ward holding  a  dental  congress,  interna- 
tional in  character,  in  San  Francisco,  dur- 
ing the  period  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Inter- 
national Exposition,  and  appropriating  the 
sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  to  meet  the 
expenses  of  the  committee  in  the  discharge 
of  its  duties. 

At  the  February  meeting  of  the  society 
the  personnel  of  the  committee  was  an- 
nounced as  follows: 

Chairman,  Dr.  W.  A.  L.  Knowles;  Mem- 
bers, Dr.  Frank  L.  Platt,  Dr.  Guy  S.  Mill- 
berry,  Dr.  James  G.  Sharp  and  Dr.  Charles 
E.  Post. 

This  committee  met  at  various  times  dur- 
ing 1910  and  1911  to  devise  ways  and  means 
for  promoting  the  congress  and  finally  called 
a  convention  of  delegates  representing  the 
dental  societies  of  Oregon,  Washineton, 
Idaho,  Colorado,  Utah,  Arizona  and  Califor- 
nia, to  form  a  representative  committee  of 
organization  to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
congress. 

This  convention  met  on  March  14,  1913, 
adopted  by-laws,  and  elected  officers  as  fol- 
lows: Dr.  Frank  L.  Platt,  Chairman;  Dr. 
Arthur  M.  Flood,  Secretary;  Dr.  W.  A.  L. 
Knowles,  Treasurer. 

It  was  decided  that  these  officers,  with 
twelve  directors,  constitute  the  officers  and 
board  of  directors  of  the  committee.  Of 
the  twelve  directors,  five  were  to  be  chosen 
from  the  members  of  the  profession  resid- 
ing near  San  Francisco  to  facilitate  secur- 
ing a  quorum  at  meetings  of  the  commit- 
tee, one  from  Southern  California,  and  one 
from  each  of  the  Pacific  Coast  States  rep- 
resented in  the  convention.  These  directors 
were  to  be  elected  by  the  dental  societies 
of  their  respective  States. 

Drs.  H.  G.  Chappel,  J.  L.  Pease,  Fred  G. 


Baird,  R.  B.  Giffen  and  A.  M.  Barker  were 
elected  to  the  directorate. 

Reports  of  several  sub-committees  of  the 
original  committee  were  read  and  discussed, 
the  membership  fee  was  fixed  at  ten  dollars, 
and  it  was  voted  that  the  organization  incor- 
porate in  order  to  facilitate  the  transaction 
of  business. 

The  delegates  to  the  convention  and  the 
original  committee  of  organization  having 
performed  the  duties  entrusted  to  them, 
passed  out  of  official  existence  and  the  Com- 
mittee of  Organization  of  the  Panama-Pa- 
cific Dental  Congress  assumed  full  control 
of  the  destinies  of  the  organization. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Committee  of 
Organization  committees  were  appointed  on 
revision  of  by-laws  and  incorporation  whose 
reports  were  adopted  at  later  meetings.  On 
the  advice  of  the  attorney  for  the  board,  it 
was  decided  that  the  corporation  to  be 
formed  consist  of  only  five  members  rather 
than  the  whole  committee  of  organization, 
that  it  have  a  distinctive  title  and  have  full 
control  of  the  finances  of  the  congress.  In 
pursuance  of  this  plan,  the  incorporation  of 
the  Pacific  Dental  Congress  Commission  of 
1915  was  effected  with  the  following  of- 
ficers: (Dr.  W.  A.  L.  Knowles  resigning  as 
Treasurer  of  the  Congress  and  declining  to 
strve  as  Treasurer  of  the  Commission)  ;  Dr. 
Frank  L.  Platt,  President;  Dr.  Arthur  M. 
Flood,  Secretary ;  Dr.  Fred  G.  Baird,  Treas- 
urer, and  Dr.  R.  B.  Giflfen  and  Dr.  Joseoh 
Loran  Pease. 

The  adoption  of  the  plan  of  incorporation 
abolishing  the  office  of  Treasurer  of  the 
Committee,  the  office  of  Yice-Chairman  was 
created  in  order  to  maintain  the  required 
number  of  offices  and  provide  for  emergen- 
cies and  Dr.  W.  A.  L.  Knowles  was  elected 
Vice-Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Organi- 
zation. 

The  only  stock  issued  was  one  share  to 
each  member  of  the  corporation,  which,  un- 
der its  charter,  was  empowered  to  issue 
three  thousand  debenture  bonds  of  the  value 
of   ten   dollars  each.     The    funds  derived 


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from  their  sale  are  to  be  used  to  promote 
and  finance  the  congress  with  the  under- 
standing that  when  the  duties  of  the  cor- 
poration are  performed,  its  debts  paid  and 
the  congress  closed,  any  sum  remaining  in 
the  treasury  shall  be  divided  pro  rata  among 
the  holders  of  the  debentures.  In  order  to 
bring  these  matters  to  the  attention  of  the 
profession,  a  mass  meeting  was  held  in  San 
Francisco,  April  29, 1912,  at  which  time  the 
purposes  of  the  Committee  of  Organization 
and  the  Corporation  were  explained.  At  this 
meeting  twelve  memberships  in  the  congress 
were  taken  and  two  thousand  one  hundred 
and  thirty  dollars  subscribed  for  debentures. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  held  on 
August  17,  1912,  Dr.  Frank  L.  Piatt  and 
Dr.  A.  M.  Flood  were  appointed  delegates 
to  attend  the  meeting  of  the  National  Den- 
tal Association  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and 
were  instructed  to  invite  that  organization 
to  adjourn  its  regular  1915  meeting  to 
meet  with  the  Panama-Pacific  Dental  Con- 
gress in  San  Francisco.  This  invitation  was 
accepted  and  the  congress  given  most  sub- 
stantial encouragement  by  the  National  As- 
sociation. To  carry  out  the  general  plan 
of  publicity  of  the  congress,  executive 
committees  were  appointed  in  practically 
every  state  and  country  in  the  world,  their 
duties  being  to  bring  the  congress  to  the 
attention  of  their  state  and  local  societies, 
secure  memberships  and  contributions  to 
program.  The  dentists  of  the  state  of 
Colorado  failing  to  take  an  active  part  in 
the  organization  and  having  elected  no 
director.  Dr.  H.  A.  Fredrick  of  San  Fran- 
cisco was  elected  a  Director  and  member 
of  the  Committee  of  Organization.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  committee  held  in  Oakland, 
Cal.,  June  4,  1913,  the  question  of  the 
election  of  permanent  officers  of  the  con- 
gress was  discussed,  and  it  was  determined 
in  view  of  the  unpleasant  circumstances  at- 


tending the  election  of  officers  of  the  Fourth 
International  Congress  held  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  that  such  an  election  be  held  at  once. 
The  following  officers  were  then  elected : 
President,  Dr.  Frank  L.  Piatt,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. ;  Vice-President,  Dr.  Chas.  M. 
Benbrook,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. ;  Secretary, 
Dr.  Arthur  M.  Flood,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ; 
Treasurer,  Dr.  Fred  G.  Baird,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

At  the  meeting  held  on  August  30,  1913, 
the  resignation  of  Drs.  Knowles  and  Bar- 
ker were  accepted  and  Dr.  C.  F.  Jarvis  of 
Oakland,  Cal.,  and  Dr.  T.  Sydney  Smith, 
Palo  Alto,  Cal.,  were  elected  to  succeed 
them,  and  Dr.  Arthur  W.  Chance  of  Port- 
land, Ore.,  was  elected  Vice-Chairman  of 
the  Committee  of  Organization.  A  vast 
amount  of  correspondence  has  been  carried 
on  by  the  committee  in  securing  exhibits, 
memberships  and  program  for  the  con- 
gress, but  the  results  obtained  seem  to  have 
justified  the  expense  and  labor  involved. 

The  dental  journals  of  the  world  have 
been  most  generous  in  giving  their  pages 
for  the  publication  of  data  relating  to  the 
congress  and  have  promoted  its  interests 
quite  materially.  Manufacturers  and  deal- 
ers everywhere  have  responded  to  the  in- 
vitation to  exhibit  at  the  congress  and 
given  it  their  generous  support.  The  of- 
ficers and  members  of  the  executive  com- 
mittees and  of  the  sections  into  which  the 
congress  is  divided  have  labored  long  and 
earnestly  to  make  its  sessions  notable,  and 
the  program  of  which  this  is  a  part  tells 
the  story  of  their  success.  This  history 
from  necessity  is  brief.  It  embodies  but  an 
outline  of  the  work  of  the  various  commit- 
tees of  the  congress  but  is  printed  in  the 
hope  that  it  will  suffice  and  in  the  knowledge 
that  it,  unlike  some  histories — so  far  as  it 
goes — tells  the  truth. 


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Dentistry  in  America 

By  Guy  S.  Mii.lberry,  D.  D.  S. 


jT*"'.  "  "  O    epitomize   the    facts, 

•  which  as  an  expression  of 

public  opinion,  have  given 
America  recognition  as  be- 
ing foremost  in  dentistry 
today,  requires  an  encyclo- 
I  pedic  training  which  few 

dare  presume  to  possess, 
and  it  is  with  much  hesi- 
tancy and  perturbation  that  the  writer  as- 
sumes the  responsibility  of  presenting  this 
information  in  the  limited  allotted  space. 
What  events  stand  out  pre-eminently  as 
causative  factors  in  this  achievement?  Who 
among  the  character  builders  of  this  nation, 
by  their  influence  and  ability,  molded  the 
makers  of  modern  dental  science?  What 
institutions  were  the  cradles  of  American 
genius?  What  thoughts,  what  ideas  were 
responsible  for  our  remarkable  growth? 

The  omniscient  mind,  master  over  all 
things,  is  responsible  for  a  national  ideal- 
ism, represented  in  the  character  of  a  peo- 
ple. Occasionally  digressions  from  the 
usual  march  of  progress  stamp  with  a  cer- 
tain individualism  the  people  of  one  nation 
or  another,  an  individualism  that  stands  out 
pre-eminently  as  a  possession  of  its  own, 
and  America  can  well  be  proud  of  the 
digression  which  has  led  our  people  into  a 
field  of  usefulness  toward  an  individualism 
acknowledged  throughout  the  world  for  its 
standards  of  efficiency.  Not  alone  have 
American  dentists  achieved  distinction  in 
other  lands,  but  American  institutions  have 
educated  persons  of  foreign  birth  who 
have  returned  to  their  native  lands  to  dis- 
seminate American  ideas  amongst  their 
fellowmen. 

A  discussion  of  the  importance  of  good 
dentistry  or  a  review  of  the  history  of  den- 
tistry in  America  cannot  be  even  briefly 
dwelt  upon  in  presenting  the  facts  which 
stand  out  boldly  as  creative  influences  dur- 
ing the  last  century  or  indicating  the 
progress  of  dental  science  in  recent  years. 

The  Panama-Pacific  International  Expo- 
sition, responsible  for  the  holding  of  this 
Congress,  is  intended  to  portray  the  more 
recent  events  in  the  progress  of  our  nation, 
yet  I  feel  it  would  not  be  too  presumptu- 
ous to  go  back  to  a  period  well  within  the 


last  century,  when  Hayden  and  Harris  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  making  dentistry  a  liberal 
profession  and  proposed  to  elevate  it  to  a 
position  where  the  appellation  of  "a  den- 
tist" would  not  be  a  reproach,  in  discussing 
the  recent  events  in  our  progress. 

The  '40's  stand  out  as  an  epoch-making 
decade  in  American  dentistry,  encompass- 
ing within  that  decade  the  organization  of 
the  first  dental  school,  dental  association 
and  dental  journal,  and  the  application  of 
nitrous  oxide  and  ether  in  producing  anes- 
thesia, as  some  of  the  most  significant 
things  in  our  history.  California,  whose 
hospitality  you  are  enjoying,  dated  its  re- 
birth in  this  same  decade  with  the  discov- 
ery of  gold  in  1848. 

Names  do  not  stand  for  much  except  as 
they  reveal  character,  and  when  character 
develops  so  as  to  be  an  inspiration  for 
good  to  all  who  come  within  the  sphere  of 
its  influence,  it  represents  the  highest  de- 
gree of  individualism.  The  desire  on  the 
part  of  Doctors  Hayden  and  Harris  to  pro- 
vide better  educational  facilities  for  tho.se 
who  desired  to  practice  dentistry,  and  the 
character  of  these  two  men  is  in  a  very 
large  sense  responsible  for  our  present  posi- 
tion. Eugenics  teaches  us  that  the  best 
traits  of  character  and  the  best  strains  in 
physical  development  are  worth  cultivating 
and  perpetuating.  If  we  are  to  believe  in 
eugenics,  and  recent  progress  in  the  do- 
main of  plant  and  animal  husbandry  prove 
its  verity;  if  we  believe  in  Mendelian  the- 
ories with  regard  to  hereditary  strains ; 
then  the  impulses  and  desires  of  Hayden 
and  Harris  were  only  the  expression  of 
will  formed  through  the  development  of 
their  character  and  that  of  their  ancestors. 

Horace  H.  Hayden  (1768-1844)  after 
gratifying  his  wanderlust  by  taking  several 
sea  voyages,  embarking  in  business  in  the 
West  Indies  and  serving  as  an  architect's 
apprentice,  had  occasion  at  the  age  of  24  to 
consult  John  Greenwood  for  professional 
services,  and  becoming  interested  in  the 
science,  studied  dentistry  after  the  meth- 
ods in  vogue  at  that  time.  How  many 
young  men  of  today  are  influenced  by  simi- 
lar relationships  in  adopting  dentistry  as  a 
profession  ? 


He  began  practice  for  himself  in  Balti- 
more in  1804,  and  in  substantiating  his 
faith  in  higher  education  he  continued  his 
studies  in  medicine,  receiving  honorary  de- 
grees from  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phil- 
adelphia, and  the  University  of  Maryland. 

His  predominating  opinions  were  that  a 
better  scientific  training  was  necessary  for 
the  practitioner  of  dentistry.  His  ideals, 
to  which  may  be  added  a  ripe  experience 
and  mature  judgment  plus  the  enthusiasm 
and  vigor  of  his  younger  colleague.  Doctor 
Chapin  A.  Harris,  were  without  doubt  the 
most  potent  factors  in  creating  that  trinity 
which  stands  now  as  the  distinguishing  in- 
fluence in  American  dentistry. 

Doctor  Harris  (180G-1860),  after  reach- 
ing maturity,  pursued  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine, surgery  and  dentistry  in  various  locali- 
ties in  Ohio  and  part  of  the  time  as  an 
itinerant  dentist,  making  favorable  impres- 
sions wherever  he  traveled,  finally  locating 
in  Baltimore.  Not  the  least  important 
event  in  his  professional  career  is  the  work 
he  accomplished  in  assisting  Doctor  Hay- 
den,  aided  by  others,  in  establishing  the 
first  dental  school  in  this  country,  the 
Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Surgery.  This 
institution,  incorporated  February  1,  1840, 
with  five  students  in  attendance  during  the 
first  session  is  the  prototype  of  American 
schools  which  have  done  so  much  toward 
building  character  into  American  dentistry. 

Second  in  the  trinity  is  the  dental  jour- 
nal. Transportation  and  the  modern  means 
of  communication,  aided  by  utilizing  elec- 
trical energy,  have  enabled  us  as  individu- 
als to  learn  of  conditions  in  other  parts  of 
the  world  in  the  briefest  spaces  of  time, 
but  the  art  of  printing  has  been  the  great- 
est single  factor  in  the  dissemination  of 
knowledge  that  ever  existed. 

The  influence  of  Samuel  W.  Stockton, 
one  of  the  manufacturers  of  porcelain 
teeth,  who  issued  a  monthly  advertising 
sheet,  Stockton's  Dental  Intelligencer,  the 
prototype  of  our  present-day  trade  jour- 
nals, must  be  respected.  Advertising  liter- 
ature of  the  present  day.  however,  is  a 
serious  menace  rather  than  possessing  a 
value  because  of  the  erratic  statements 
published,  which  are  not  borne  out  by  ex- 
perimental or  clinical  evidence. 

Journals  of  today,  so  influential  in  the 
distribution  of  knowledge,  are  dependent 
upon  trade  support,  as  those  published  by 
manufacturing  concerns,  or  upon  member- 


ship subscriptions  as  those  fostered  by  den- 
tal organizations.  The  American  Journal 
of  Dental  Science,  first  published  in  New 
York,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  field. 
Doctors  Hayden  and  Harris  are  also  cred- 
ited with  being  responsible  for  the  publica- 
tion of  the  first  dependable  dental  journal. 
There  were  about  500  copies  of  each  num- 
ber published.  The  expense  was  main- 
tained by  pledged  amounts  and  subscrip- 
tions from  about  175  dentists.  This  jour- 
nal ran  through  three  series,  the  first  being 
under  the  supervision  of  a  publishing  com- 
mittee and  the  second  under  the  direction 
of  Chapin  A.  Harris  as  editor  and  propri- 
etor. 

The  Dental  Nczvs  Letter  and  its  succes- 
sor, the  Dental  Cosmos,  is  one  of  the 
leading  dental  journal  of  America,  a  posi- 
tion it  has  held  for  practically  the  full 
period  of  its  existence,  since  October,  1847. 

The  new  type  of  professional  journals 
exemplified  in  the  Journal  of  the  Allied 
Societies,  and  later  the  National  Dental 
Journal,  symbolizes  a  new  era  in  journalism 
in  our  professional  growth.  They  are  sub- 
sidized by  the  profession.  They  represent 
democratic  rather  than  autocratic  control, 
and  must  satisfy  the  will  of  the  profession 
or  fail  in  their  efficacy  and  educational 
merit.  They  will  never  wholly  replace 
trade  journals  for  obvious  reasons. 

Many  other  journals,  and  among  them 
the  publications  devoted  to  special  fields 
as  orthodontics  or  hygiene,  are  not  without 
influence  in  upbuilding  our  standards. 

Again,  monographs  and  text-books,  sub- 
sidiary factors  in  dental  educational  work, 
have  molded  dental  opinion.  They  are 
largely  the  outgrowth  of  needs  in  dental 
schools  where  books  became  a  necessity. 
The  teachers  were  usually  the  authors  and 
in  many  instances  the  teachers  and  authors 
were  the  editors  of  our  journals.  Fitch's 
"System  of  Dental  Surgery"  (three  vol- 
umes) first  published  in  1829,  and  very 
comprehensive,  was  one  of  the  earliest  good 
American  publications. 

"The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Dental 
Surgery"  and  Harris'  "Dental  Dictionary," 
by  Chapin  A.  Harris,  show  the  versatility 
of  professional  attainment  that  this  re- 
spected man  possessed. 

The  writer  cannot  refrain  from  mention- 
ing Taft,  Garrettson.  Miller,  Essig,  Gorgas, 
Black,  Broomell,  Cryer,  Talbot,  Burchard, 
Angle,   Kirk  and   Noyes   as  being 'among 


15 


w 


the  foremost  authors  of  America,  whose 
written  word  has  spread  the  gospel  of 
American  dentistry  over  the  globe. 

The  third  factor  in  the  trinity,  the  Den- 
tal Association,  brings  us  again  to  the 
name  of  Hayden,  who  was  chiefly  instru- 
mental in  organizing  the  American  Society 
of  Dental  Surgeons  in  New  York,  August 
18,  1840.  He  was  the  first  president  and 
succeeded  himself  to  that  office  until  his 
death  four  years  later.  Although  this  As- 
sociation did  not  continue  permanently,  ow- 
ing to  social  disturbances,  it  served  as  the 
prototype  of  a  dental  society,  which  under 
the  reorganization  plan  of  the  National 
Dental  Association  bids  fair  to  equal  or 
outnumber  any  dental  society  in  the  world. 

Associations  today  represent  professional 
opinion  more  than  they  did  in  our  earlier 
history  when  schools  were  the  leaders  in 
our  professional  progress.  Associations  do 
much  toward  standardizing  conditions  in 
this  country  both  as  to  laws  regulating  the 
practice  of  dentistry  and  changes  in  cur- 
riculum due  to  individual  genius  and  pro- 
fessional attainment.  Each  of  these  pre- 
dominating factors  is  of  mutual  benefit  to 
the  others. 

Laws  regulating  the  practice  of  dentis- 
try and  exercising  supervision  over  the 
licentiates  followed  the  rapid  growth  of 
dental  schools.  Although  the  first  law  was 
enacted  in  Alabama  and  approved  Dec.  31, 
1841,  it  was  not  until  the  later  '60's  and 
early  '70's  that  they  became  general.  It 
is  often  difficult  to  understand  why  this 
system  of  regulation  has  been  set  up  in 
the  United  States,  but  the  general  feeling 
symbolized  in  the  States'  Rights  provision 
in  the  Constitution  and  the  creation  of  an 
impartial  jury  similar  to  the  Registration 
Boards  in  the  English  possessions,  is  the 
fundamental  cause.  On  the  whole,  the 
advantage  is  in  favor  of  the  public. 

One  cannot  omit  reference  to  the  remark- 
able growth  of  dental  manufacturing  and 
the  public  demand  for  a  sanitary  environ- 
ment. Cleanliness,  education  and  activity 
usually  beget  a  useful  career,  a  successful 
life.  The  Forsyth  Infirmary  symbolizes 
these.  Much  credit,  also,  is  due  dental 
manufacturers  for  their  efforts  to  supply 
the  facilities  for  the  rapid  development  of 
our  science.  During  the  early  years,  por- 
celain teeth  and  hand  instruments  were  the 
essentials  provided  by  the  manufacturer  for 
the  dentist,  who,  ingenious  and  a  mechanic. 


isolated  and  with  limited  transportation 
facilities,  was  obliged  to  make  many  of  his 
own  instruments  and  supplies.  The  year 
1844  is  significant  in  American  dental  his- 
tory. Aside  from  being  the  year  in  which 
Horace  H.  Hayden  died  and  Horace  N. 
Wells  discovered  nitrous  oxide  anesthesia, 
it  marks  the  establishment  of  the  S.  S. 
White  Dental  Manufacturing  Company  by 
Dr.  S.  S.  White. 

To  hurriedly  pass  on  while  discussing 
"this  self-made  profession,"  which  has 
erected  and  equipped  buildings,  developed 
teachers,  provided  facilities  for  research 
and  practice,  created  libraries  which  in 
their  aggregate  will  exceed  60,000  volumes, 
regulated  malpractice,  practically  abolished 
the  apprentice  system,  and  received  but 
very  limited  amounts  for  endowments,  to 
some  of  the  conditions  of  today  is  but  to 
span  the  ordinary  life  of  a  thinking  indi- 
vidual. 

Among  the  notable  monuments  to  Ameri- 
can dental  science  so  recent  as  to  have 
been  discussed  but  yesterday,  we  have, 
typifying  justice  and  charity  to  the  chil- 
dren, the  Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary  at  140 
The  Fenway,  Boston,  Mass.  No  phase  of 
the  child  hygiene  movement  has  been  given 
greater  publicity  than  oral  hygiene,  and 
the  founders  of  this  great  institution  in 
realizing  the  influence  of  a  clean,  healthy 
mouth  in  general  good  health  have  estab- 
lished a  precedent  in  fostering  this  branch 
of  preventive  medicine  and  conserving  the 
health  of  the  youth  of  our  land,  which  is 
worthy  of  emulation  in  every  large  center 
in  America.  Illiteracy  and  indolence  beget 
degeneracy,  and  both  of  these  primary 
causes  are  frequently  traceable  to  ill  health. 
Architecture  and  equipment  will  exert  a 
potent  influence  on  the  development  and 
growth  of  similar  and  co-related  educa- 
tional institutions,  while  the  provision  for 
teaching  orthodontics,  so  important  in  chil- 
dren's practice,  will  be  of  lasting  benefit  to 
our  children  of  the  next  generation. 

And  lastly,  the  dedication  of  the  Thomas 
W.  Evans  Museum  and  Dental  Institute, 
School  of  Dentistry,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, on  the  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
fifth  birthday  anniversary  of  the  latter 
institution,  marks  a  period  of  complete- 
ness in  the  recognition  of  the  importance 
of  thorough  dental  instruction,  which 
should  serve  for  all  time  as  a  refutation 
(Continued  on  page  47) 


1— Dental  Office,  U.  S.  A.,  Alaska.    2— Transportation  U.  S.  A.  Dental  Outfit  by  Dog  Team. 
Hotel    Fairbanks,    Alaska.     Cost    Dental    Surgeon  $11.00  a  day.  Summer  1905.    4— One  of  the  Dental 
Offices  at  West  Point,  N.  Y.    Photographs  courtesy  Dr.  Carpenter. 


History  of  U.  S.  Army  Dental  Corps 

By  S.  D.   BoAK,   M.  D.,  D.  D.   S.,  Dental   Surgeon,   U.   S.   Army,   West   Point,   N.   Y. 


RIOR  to  the  war  with 
I  Spain,  there  were  no  den- 
I  tal  surgeons  in  the  army, 
emergency  work  being 
done  by  certain  enlisted 
men  of  the  Hospital 
Corps  who  had  had  some 
dental  training. 

In  the  campaign  in  the 
Philippines  in  1898,  many  of  our  men  in 
the  field  had  imperative  need  of  dental 
treatment,  to  secure  which  they  had  to  ob- 
tain authority  to  leave  the  front  and  go  to 
Manila.  This  involved  considerable  ex- 
pense and  was  even  more  objectionable  on 
account  of  loss  of  the  services  of  the  indi- 
viduals. It  was  discovered  that  in  the 
ranks  of  our  volunteers  there  were  a  num- 
ber of  dentists;  and,  to  avoid  the  objections 
mentioned,  some  of  these  were  detailed  to 
attend  exclusively  to  the  dental  needs  of 
the  commands. 

In  1901,  Congress  authorized  the  crea- 
tion of  a  corps  of  thirty  contract  dental 
surgeons.  They  held  no  military  rank  and 
were  attached  to  the  Medical  Corps  of  the 
Army.  It  gave  the  Surgeon  General  power 
to  appoint,  without  examination,  those 
men  who  were  graduates  in  dentistry  and 
whose  character  and  services  were  satis- 
factory. Five  men  were  given  contracts 
under  this  act,  as  a  reward  of  merit  for 
their  pioneer  work  in  the  Philippines.  In 
accordance  with  this  law,  sixteen  were  sent 
to  the  Philippines  and  at  different  times 
one  or  more  were  sent  to  Pekin,  Cuba  and 
Porto  Rico.  In  1907,  an  additional  dental 
surgeon  was  appointed  with  station  at  the 
U.    S.    Military   Academy. 

The  contract  status  did  not  prove  satis- 
factory to  the  dental  profession  or  to  the 
members  of  the  Dental  Corps,  and  various 
attempts  were  made  to  remedy  it.  A  bill 
was  passed  March  3,  1911,  giving  one 
commissioned  grade,  that  of  first  lieuten- 
ant. This  act  allows  one  dental  surgeon 
to  each  thousand  of  actual  enlisted  strength 
of  the  army,  so  that  if  the  corps  were 
filled  on  this  basis,  it  would  consist  of 
ninety  dental  surgeons,  sixty  of  whom 
could  become  first  lieutenants,  the  balance 
remaining  acting  dental   surgeons  until  a 


vacancy  occurred  in  the  commissioned  per- 
sonnel. 

At  present,  the  corps  consists  of  twenty- 
eight  first  lieutenant  dental  surgeons  and 
forty  acting  dental  surgeons.  Of  these, 
eleven  are  stationed  in  the  Philippines, 
eight  in  Hawaii,  eight  on  the  Mexican 
border,  one  in  China,  and  one  in  Panama. 
One  is  sent  each  summer  to  Alaska  and 
two  accompanied  our  troops  to  Vera  Cruz. 
At  each  of  the  five  recruiting  depots  a 
dental  surgeon  is  stationed,  his  duties  being 
to  examine  the  mouths  of  all  recruits, 
often  over  eighty  per  day,  and  before  a 
recruit  is  sent  off  to  a  regiment,  to  put  his 
mouth  in  such  sanitary  condition  as  time 
permits.  As  this  time  is  limited,  opera- 
tions are,  of  necessity,  of  an  emergency 
character  and  only  fillings  of  cement  and 
amalgam  are  used. 

Many  of  the  dental  surgeons  are  sent  on 
itinerants,  visiting  six  to  eight  posts  in  as 
many  months.  Each  is  accompanied  by  an 
assistant,  an  enlisted  man  of  the  Hospital 
Corps.  They  carry  with  them  a  field  outfit 
including  a  foot  engine,  and  at  each  post 
are  assigned  an  operating  room  by  the 
post  commander.  Each  dental  surgeon 
does  foreign  service  in  turn. 

The  conditions  under  which  most  of  the 
men  of  the  corps  have  worked  have  been 
vastly  different  from  the  modern  office 
with  its  strictly  sanitary  and  up-to-date 
equipment.  Compare  the  office  of  the  den- 
tal surgeon  in  the  tropics  and  on  the  border 
with  your  office.  In  the  tropics  the  humid- 
ity is  so  great  at  times  that  gold  foil  be- 
comes damp  passing  from  annealer  to 
mouth.  Instruments,  if  not  given  special 
care,  become  coated  with  rust,  and  leather 
furnishings  mould  overnight.  In  Cuba 
and  the  Philippines  frequently  my  only 
light  at  night  consisted  of  a  tallow  candle 
with  a  galvanized-iron  bucket  or  Standard 
Oil  can  for  a  reflector.  In  1905,  one  den- 
tal surgeon  traveled  7,000  miles  in  five 
months  in  Alaska;  500  miles  was  by  dog 
team,  to  treat  eleven  men  of  the  Signal 
Corps;  his  board  cost  $11.00  per  day,  spe- 
cial army  rates. 

Army  dentists  work  under  all  conditions 
and  in  all  climates. 


■ft 


v> 


■  4^' 


other    unit 


HE  establishment  of  dental 
service  in  the  Navy  has 
been  accomplished  by  pro- 
gressive stages  attended 
with  the  usual  caution  of 
;  the  executive  branch  in 
■  proposing,  and  of  Con- 
gress in  enacting  legisla- 
tion which  would  add  an- 
the  vast  and  constantly 
increasing  system  of  governmental  activi- 
ties. 

That  dental  service  was  a  necessity  had 
long  been  recognized,  and  efforts  to  pro- 
cure legislation  in  its  favor,  appearing  occa- 
sionally for  possibly  the  fifty  years  preced- 
ing 1894,  have  been  constantly  and  insist- 
ently made  since  that  year,  until  legislation 
establishing  the  present  dental  corps  was 
finally  obtained  in  August,  1912.  The  de- 
lay in  the  enacting  of  this  legislation  was 
due  to  a  lack  of  unanimity  between  the 
representations  of  dental  organizations  and 
those  of  the  Navy  Department,  rather  than 
to  any  disposition  to  prevent  legislation. 

In  the  early  years,  dentists  were  enlisted 
in  the  Hospital  Corps  for  general  service, 
having  the  same  status  as  other  enlisted 
men,  and  then  specially  detailed  for  dental 
duty  at  the  various  stations  in  the  United 
States,  foreign  possessions,  and  on  hospital 
ships.  These  men  were  graduates  of  den- 
tal colleges  or  had  had  special  training  in 
dentistry.  This  arrangement  was  not  par- 
ticularly satisfactory,  but  worked  well  as  a 
temporary  expedient,  and  the  service  ob- 
tained was  fairly  efficient. 

The  present  dental  corps  was  established 
by  a  law  enacted  August  28, 1912,  which  also 
specifies  that  after  August,  1915,  members 
of  the  corps  who  have  served  two  or  more 
years  will  be  examined  for  promotion  and 
if  found  qualified  will  be  recommended  for 
commissions  as  assistant  dental  surgeon, 
subject  to  appointment  by  the  President 
and  confirmation  by  the  Senate.  When 
first  appointed,  candidates  receive  the  rank, 
pay  and  allowances  of  an  assistant  surgeon 


of  the  medical  corps.  Twenty-eight  dental 
surgeons  comprise  the  present  corps. 

The  duties  of  dental  officers  are  set  forth 
in  the  following  instructions: 

"Dental  officers  are  by  law  a  part  of  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  United  States 
Navy,  and  are  required  to  serve  profes- 
sionally the  personnel  of  the  naval  service 
and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  may 
be  prescribed  by  competent  authority. 

"The  regulations  provide  that  the  pro- 
fessional services  of  dental  officers  shall 
be  available  only  for  oflScers  and  men  on 
the  active  list  of  the  Navy  and  Marine 
Corps,  and  such  services  are  restricted  to 
those  measures  which  will  most  effectively 
and  economically  preserve  the  teeth  of  the 
personnel  and  insure  physical  fitness.  The 
department  has  construed  Article  2991, 
Navy  Regulations,  to  apply  to  and  include 
officers  and  men  of  the  Naval  Auxiliary 
Service. 

"Prosthetic  procedures,  such  as  gold, 
bridge,  or  crown  work,  are  not  contem- 
plated as  a  part  of  the  work  of  a  dental 
officer." 

These  duties  and  the  class  of  work  to 
be  performed  will  be  enlarged  upon  as 
soon  as  practicable.  The  equipment  at  the 
present  time  is  being  enlarged  to  meet  the 
requirements  and  conditions  confronted  as 
rapidly  as  is  consistent  with  the  number  of 
dental  surgeons  employed. 

While  some  60,000  men  constitute  the 
personnel  of  the  Navy,  constant  discharge 
of  men  from  the  service  and  the  enlistment 
of  new  recruits  to  take  their  places  make 
a  continuous  flow  of  patients,  and  keep 
the  proportion  requiring  services  at  about 
the  same  ratio.  As  about  ninety  per  cent 
of  the  personnel  have  defective  teeth  or 
need  dental  treatment,  it  will  be  readily 
seen  that  the  time  of  the  dental  surgeon  is 
well  occupied  with  even  the  restricted  class 
of  work  now  being  undertaken. 

With  further  development  it  is  hoped 
that  this  service  may  be  a  great  aid  in 
making  our  Navy  more  efficient  through 
the  improved  health  of  our  men. 


W/. 


i 


1 — Guys  Hospital,  London.  2 — Royal  Dental  Hospital,  London.  3— College  of  Medical 
Science  of  Buenos  Aires.  The  Dental  College  occupies  an  upper  floor.  4 — Room  for  Examina- 
tions and  Extractions  in  Dental  College,  Buenos  Aires. 


'HE  first  dental  school  in 
Argentina  was  established 
at  Buenos  Aires  in  1892. 
Prior  to  that  time,  how- 
ever, the  Faculty  of  Medi- 
cine of  Buenos  Aires  had 
created  as  an  accessory 
branch  of  its  curriculum  a 
course  in  the  "Art  of  Den- 
tistry" extending  over  a  period  of  two 
years,  and  had  named  Mr.  Juan  Etchepare- 
borda  as  Dental  Examiner.  This  action  of 
the  Faculty  of  Medicine  was  brought  about 
partly  as  a  protection  to  the  public  from 
the  large  number  of  quacks  who  at  that 
time  were  prostituting  the  profession  here, 
and  partly  as  a  result  of  the  brilliant  ex- 
ample set  by  countries  of  North  America 
in  dental  matters.  Dr.  Nicasio  Etchepare- 
borda  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  school 
when  it  was  first  established,  and  to  his 
energy  and  personal  activity  the  present 
status  of  dentistry  here  is  largely  indebted. 
Under  his  able  management  the  school 
has  steadily  advanced  and  is  today  estab- 
lished on  a  very  firm  basis. 

In  the  beginning  the  course  of  study  ex- 
tended over  a  period  of  two  years,  but  in 
1910  the  time  was  extended  to  three  years, 
followed  by  a  "finishing  course"  of  three 
months. 

The  requirements  for  admission  to  the 
dental  school  include  a  certificate  of  good 
health  and  good  moral  character,  and  a 
bachelor's  degree. 

Students  are  required  to  provide  them- 
selves with  all  instruments  needed  except 
forceps,  and  to  wear  a  white  coat  while 
operating. 

All  medicines  and  filling  material  are  fur- 
nished by  the  school.  Students,  in  general, 
are  not  allowed  to  choose  their  patients, 
but  must  accept  those  assigned  to  them  by 
the  professor  in  charge. 


All  operations  by  students  are  made  un- 
der the  supervision  of  the  professor  and 
the  chief  of  practical  work.  Black's  instru- 
ments are  used  and  the  Black  system  of 
cavity  preparation  is  employed.  The  total 
number  of  students  enrolled  in  1915  is  333, 
of  whom  fifty-eight  are  women. 

The  minimum  amount  of  operative  work 
required  of  the  student  during  his  third 
year  is  as  follows:  Fifty  extractions,  thirty 
gold  fillings,  three  treatments  of  the  third 
grade,  ten  treatments  of  the  fourth  grade, 
two  incrustations  of  porcelain,  the  manu- 
facture and  fitting  of  two  gold  crowns  and 
two  pivots,  the  treatment  of  at  least  one 
case  each  of  gingivitis,  pyorrhea,  ab.scess 
with  fistula,  and  blind  abscess.  For  pros- 
thetic work,  the  third  year's  requirements 
are  six  crowns,  four  pivots,  one  bridge  and 
two  pieces  of  burnished  metal. 

The  faculty  of  the  school  comprises  the 
following : 

Dr.    Nicasio    Etchepareborda,    Principal. 

Dr.  Rodolfo  Erausquin,  Professor  for 
First  Year. 

Cirio  Durante  and  F.  Lafarga,  Chiefs  of 
Clinics. 

Dr.  Leon  Pereyra,  Professor  for  Second 
Year. 

Emilio  Boye  and  Alberto  Barui,  Chiefs 
of  Clinics. 

Luis   Fasanella,  assistant. 

Dr.  Nicasio  Etchepareborda,  Professor 
for  Third  Year. 

Cariolano  Brea  and  Gabriel  Anitna, 
Chiefs  of  Clinics. 

J.  Argeno  Aneta,  assistant. 

D.  Antonio  Guardo,  Professor  of  Pros- 
thesis. 

A.  B.  Molina  and  A.  E.  Lattauri,  Chiefs 
of  Laboratory. 

F.  Copola,  assistant. 


] — University  of  O: 
Johannesburg  Hospital. 
South  Africa. 


CiW   Zealand.     2 — St.    Mary's,   Johannesburg:.     3 — The 
Lge,  Johannesburg.      5— The    Town    Hall,    Johannesburg, 


Dentistry  in  Australia 


Dr.  T.   E.  White 


[E   State   of   Queensland, 
comprising   the    northeast 
portion  of  the  continent  of 
Australia,  has  an  area  of 
670,500  square  miles,  with 
a   population   of    637,425. 
Brisbane    is    the    capital, 
with  the  last  census  show- 
ing 151,272  inhabitants. 
The   Dental   Act  passed  in   1902   is   ad- 
ministered  by   a   Board  consisting  of   five 
(5)  dentists  and  two  medical  practitioners. 
The  registrar  is  appointed  by  the   Board, 
and  the  office  has  been  held  by  Mr.  T.  B. 
Hunter,  B.  A.,  for  some  years. 

The  Board's  duties  in  general  consist  of : 

1.  Protection  of  the  public  by  the  pros- 
ecution of  unregistered  men. 

2.  Setting  the  standard  of  dental  edu- 
cation. 

3.  Holding  of  examinations. 

4.  Registration   of  practitioners. 
The  standard  of  education  comprises : 

1.  Passing  of  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion of  the  matriculation  of  the  University 
of  Queensland,  or  other  university. 

2.  Registration  as  a  student  for  a  period 
of  four  years  to  a  registered  practitioner, 
including  hospital  practice. 

3.  Passing  of  intermediate  and  final  ex- 
amination held  by  the  Board. 

The  requirements  in  general  for  admis- 
sion to  the  register  are: 

1.  Completion  of  the  requirements  of 
the  Board  as  to  local  standard  above  men- 
tioned. 

2.  Licentiate  in  Dental  Surgery  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England, 
Edinburgh,   Glasgow  or   Ireland. 

3.  Licentiate  in  Dental  Surgery  of  a 
university  of  Australia  or  other  British 
dominion. 

4.  The  degree  of  Dentistry  of  Harvard, 
Michigan,  or  Pennsylvania  Universities, 
combined  with  a  four  years'  course  and 
matriculation  examination. 

The  registration  fee  is  seven  guineas 
(£7    :7    :0). 

In  December,  1914,  the  number  of  reg- 
istered practitioners  was  two  hundred  and 
eighty-five  (285). 


The  Odontological  Society  of  Queens- 
land was  established  in  1904  and  has  a 
large  and  representative  membership  of 
the  profession  in  Queensland.  The  sub- 
scription fee  is  one  guinea  (£1  :1  :0)  per 
annum,  and  non-metropolitan  members  re- 
ceive a  copy  of  an  Australian  dental  maga- 
zine without  charge. 

Clinics  and  papers  are  given  once  a 
month  for  a  period  of  eight  months  each 
year,  vacation  being  midsummer. 

The  Dental  Defense  Society  of  Queens- 
land, Ltd.,  was  established  for  the  protec- 
tion of  ethical  practitioners  from  black- 
mail and  unfair  prosecution.  Its  member- 
ship consists  largely  of  members  of  the 
Odontological  Society,  and  all  prosecutions 
are  watched  on  behalf  of  the  profession, 
at  the  same  time  evincing  a  reasonable  at- 
titude towards  the  public.  The  annual  sub- 
scription is  one  guinea  (£1  :1  :0),  but 
each  member  has  a  limited  liability  of  five 
pounds  (£5). 

The  Brisbane  Dental  Hospital  provides 
dental  service  for  the  poor  of  the  district, 
the  State's  children,  and  the  State  school 
children  who  are  unable  to  obtain  the  serv- 
ices of  a  private  practitioner.  Ample  op- 
portunity is  provided  for  the  teaching  of 
students  in  dentistry. 

The  System  of  Dental  Inspection  of 
Schools  in  Queensland.  The  recognition 
by  the  State  of  the  appalling  prevalence  of 
dental  caries,  and  the  realization  of  its 
effect  in  the  physical  and  mental  efficiency 
of  the  children  and  nation,  brought  about 
the  necessity  of  attention  to  the  problem 
by  a  system  of  inspection  of  children  in 
the  schools  in  1911.  The  system  has  these 
aspects:  Inspection,  Educational,  Clinical. 

Inspection  and  Educational.  Three  (3) 
dental  inspectors  are  appointed  and  allot- 
ted to  Northern,  Central  and  Southern 
Districts.  During  the  school  hours,  9 :30 
a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.,  by  arrangement  with  the 
head  master,  each  child  is  examined,  a 
chart  in  duplicate  is  made,  one  being 
handed  to  the  child  for  its  parent  and 
the  other  kept  as  a  record.  The  condition 
of  the  teeth  is  marked  and  recommenda- 
tion made  to  the  parent.     Instruction   is 


given  in  the  correct  use  of  the  toothbrush, 
toothbrush  drill  in  class  held,  and  in  the 
older  classes  elementary  anatomy,  physi- 
ology and  hygiene  taught.  The  inspection 
takes  place  each  year. 

Clinical.  In  the  metropolitan  districts 
very  poor  children  are  recommended  by 
the  schoolmaster  to  the  dental  hospital.  In 
the  isolated  country  districts  where  there 
are  no  dentists,  the  dental  inspector  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  school  inspection  per- 
forms general  dental  operations.  He  is 
provided  with  a  full  traveling  outfit,  and  in 
reality  holds  a  traveling  school  dental  clinic. 

The  benefit  of  the  inspections  is  shown 
by  the  increasing  improvement  in  the 
state  of  the  children's  mouths,  a  smaller 
number  of  excuses  of  absence  from  school 


through  swollen  faces  and  aching  teeth. 
Many  interesting  statistics  are  being  com- 
piled on  the  comparative  conditions  of  the 
teeth  of  the  children  living  in  the  central 
districts,  where  rain  (tank)  water  is  used, 
and  those  of  the  inland  districts,  where 
"bore"  water,  artesian  and  sub-artesian 
water,  is  used. 

The  Third  Australian  Dental  Congress 
was  held  in  Brisbane  during  August,  1913, 
and  was  attended  by  260  dentists,  including 
distinguished  practitioners  from  the  British 
Isles  and  America. 

Army  Dental  Corps.  Eight  (8)  dentists 
are  appointed  in  the  Army  Medical  Re- 
serve, seven  holding  the  rank  of  lieutenant 
and  one  of  captain. 


Dentistry  in  New  South  Wales 

By  the  Executive  Committee  for  New  South  Wales 


% 


The  first  notable  landmark  of  the  pro- 
fession in  the  State  of  New  South  Wales 
was  the  passing  of  the  Dental  Act  in  1900. 
This  was  followed  at  once  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  dental  school  and  hospital  by 
the  University  of  Sydney.  The  degree 
given  to  students  who  fulfilled  the  require- 
ments of  the  course  of  study  (at  first  three 
years)  was  L.  D.  S.  (Licentiate  in  Dental 
Surgery). 

After  a  time,  the  Senate  amended  the 
regulations  and  lengthened  the  course  to 
four  years  and  granted  a  degree  of  Bach- 
elor in  Dental  Surgery  (B.  D.  S.),  at  the 
same  time  raising  the  entrance  examination 
to  the  standard  required  for  the  medical 
course.  This  degree  is  recognized  and  is 
registrable  in  Great  Britain. 

About  100  graduates  have  completed 
this  course  since  the  foundation  of  the 
school. 

There  has  also  been  a  large  number  of 
students  privately  trained,  who  have  quali- 
fied by  examination  at  the  hands  of  the 
Dental  Board.  As,  however,  the  regula- 
tions providing  for  this  course  for  regis- 
tration are  now  practically  the  same  as  the 
university  regulations,  it  is  supposed  that 
in  future  all  students  will  be  university 
graduates. 

The  United  Dental  Hospital  of  Sydney, 


formed  by  the  consolidation  of  two  for- 
merly existing  hospitals,  is  now  housed  in 
a  fine,  up-to-date  building,  erected  by  the 
Government  and  handed  over  to  the  com- 
mittee for  the  purposes  of  hospital  and 
dental  school.  A  new  constitution  has  re- 
cently been  conferred  upon  this  institution 
with  ample  funds  from  the  State  Govern- 
ment, and  a  new  department  providing  a 
"free  clinic  for  public  school  children"  has 
been  added  to  the  institution.  The  clinic 
is  of  a  most  useful  kind  and  provides  an 
educational  stimulus  to  our  State  school 
children  in  dental  matters  and  the  care  of 
the  teeth. 

The  future  of  dentistry  appears  to  be  as- 
sured, as  the  State  Government  is  now 
about  to  provide  funds  for  the  foundation 
of  a  chair  in  dentistry  in  the  university, 
which  will  prove  of  inestimable  benefit  to 
the  profession  of  the  State. 

Defense.  The  Dental  Board  have  been 
directing  the  attention  of  the  Defense  De- 
partment to  the  necessity  for  proper  care 
of  the  teeth  of  our  troops  and,  ably  as- 
sisted by  the  members  of  the  great  dental 
societies  and  the  Committee  of  the  Dental 
Hospital,  have  carried  on  dental  services  at 
the  hospital   for  the   soldiers. 

The  Minister  of  Defense  of  the  Com- 
{Continued  on  page  47) 


1— U.  S.  Army  Dental  Office,  Camp  Keithley,  Mindanao,  P.  I.  2— U.  S.  Army  Dental  Office,  Jolo, 
Philippines.  3— Field  Hospital  No.  3,  U.  S.  Army,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.  X  Dental  Office.  4— U.  S. 
Army  Dental  Office,  Jolo,  Philippines.    Photographs  courtesy  Drs.  Voorhies,  Waddell  and  Mason. 


M 


J  1 — Technisches  Laboratorium.    2 — Opemtions  Raum.      3 — Plombier-Saal.     University    of   Wien, 

If    ,  Vienna,  Aiislria. 


f 


1W 


^.A<-v-it«a 


Dentistry  in  Austria-Hungary 

By  Prof.  Dr.  Rudolph  Weiser 


hi  Austria-Hungary,  den- 
-!  tistry  has  always  been  re- 
garded as  a  specialty  of 
medicine.  In  1830,  Dr. 
G.  Carabelli  was  appoint- 
ed instructor  in  dentistry 
at  the  University  of 
Vienna,  and  one  of  his 
pupils.  Dr.  M.  Heider,  ap- 
pointed instructor  in  1843,  was  made  pro- 
fessor of  dental  science  in  1859. 

Legal  dental  practice  in  Austria-Hungary 
is  limited  to  those  who  possess  the  univer- 
sity diploma  of  a  "Medicinae  Univers£e  Doc- 
tor" of  the  empire.*  There  are  no  private 
universities  or  private  dental  institutes  in 
Austria. 

To  obtain  the  degree  of  "Medicinje  Uni- 
versae  Doctor,"  the  candidate  must  have 
passed  the  final  examination  (Maturium)  of 
an  Austrian  gymnasium  (grammar  .school), 
then  spend  at  least  five  years  at  an  Austrian 
university  and  pass  the  different  (about 
thirteen)  examinations  of  three  Rigorosa. 
Upon  receiving  his  degree  of  "Medicinae 
Universse  Doctor,"  it  is  optional  with  him 
to  immediately  commence  practice  or  to 
pursue  special  studies  for  a  further  period 
of  time.  He  has  the  right  to  practice  gen- 
eral medicine  as  well  as  any  specialty,  like 
surgery,  obstetrics,  aural  surgery,  ophthal- 
mology, etc.,  or  to  treat  skin  disease  or  to 
practice  dentistry  or  any  other  branch  of 
medicine.  Instruction  in  dental  science  is 
obligatory  upon  all  medical  students. 

The  dental  institutes  of  Austria-Hungary 
belong  to  and  are  a  part  of  the  universities, 
and  are  designated  Dental  University  In- 
stitute (or  Dental  University  Ambulato- 
rium)  of  Wien,  Prag,  Innsbruck,  Graz, 
Lemberg,  Krakau,  respectively ;  Stomato- 
logical Clinics  of  the  University  of  Buda- 
pest and  of  Klausenburg.  Some  of  them 
are  arranged  like  a  hospital  with  special 
clinic  room  provided  with  beds  for  patients 
under  surgical  treatment,  that  cannot  be 
carried  on  conveniently  or  instructively  at 


the  general  surgical  clinic.  The  descrip- 
tions and  photograhs  of  the  new  Austrian 
dental  institutes  you  will  find  in  the  fol- 
io w  i  n  g  issues  of  the  "Oesterreichisch- 
Ungarischen  Vierteljahresschrift  fiir  Zahn- 
heilkunde"t:  Wien,  July,  1915;  Lemberg, 
April,  1914;  Graz,  January,  1913;  Inns- 
bruck, January,  1913,  and  Budapest,  April 
1909. 

Prosthetic  dentistry  (Zahnersatzkunde) 
is  made  by  law  "an  integral  part  of  dental 
science"  and  every  physician  is  required  to 
do  all  the  technical  mechanical  work  neces- 
sary for  his  patients,  without  depending  on 
the  trade  law  like  the  prosthetic  dentist 
(Zahntechniker  or  mechanician  dentists)  in 
France.  But  the  profession  of  technical 
dentistry  (Zahntechnik)  depends  on  the 
trade  law  and  comprises  the  professional 
manufacturing  and  inserting  of  artificial 
teeth  (plates,  crowns  and  bridges).  The 
prosthetic  dentist  has  only  the  right  "to 
take  impressions  and  to  try  to  adapt  the 
prosthetic  works,  manufactured  by  him,  to 
the  mouth,  which  must  be  in  an  absolutely 
healthy  condition.  But  he  is  not  allowed 
to  do  any  work  in  a  diseased  mouth  or  to 
perform,  even  in  a  healthy  mouth,  anything 
which  may  change  the  condition  of  its 
.structures,  for  instance,  "to  pinch  or  grind 
oflf  part  of  teeth  or  roots,  to  clean  or  fill 
the  teeth,  or  to  extract  roots  or  teeth." 

There  are  at  present  in  Austria-Hungary 
twelve  dental  societies  and  the  big  Central 
.Association  of  Austrian  Stomatologists, 
uniting  the  society  members.  One  of  the 
aims  of  the  organized  Austrian  dentists  is 
to  limit  dental  practice,  and  the  title  of 
"Zahnarzt"  (dentist)  to  those  medical 
graduates  who  have  had  two  years  of  con- 
tinuous training  in  operative  and  technical 
dentistry  at  a  university. 


•There  are  a  few  cases  (In  Wien  and  some  more 
in  Budapest)  where  many  years  ago  mechanical- 
dentists  were  permitted  (by  favor  of  the  Crown)  to 
practice  dentistry;  since  1899  this  permission  has 
not  been  granted, 
t  Wien,  I.  Petersplatz  7. 


w; 


.p 


^: 


1— Faculty  of  Medicine,  McGill  University,  Department  of  Dentistry,  Montreal,  Quebec.  2— Uni- 
versite  Laval  de  Montreal,  Ecole  de  Chirurgie  Dentaire.  3— Building  of  the  Royal  College  of  Dental 
Surgeons  of  Ontario,  Toronto.    4— Dalhousie  University,  Dental  and  Medical  Schools,  Halifax,  N.  S. 

30 


Wb 


T^-t^^ 


.St^-' 


Canadian  Dentistry 


By  Dr.  A.  E.  Webster 


ILE  dentistry  in  Can- 
ada partakes  very  largely 
of  the  methods  of  educa- 
tion, practice  and  admin- 
i  s  t  r  a  t  i  o  n  of  its  good 
neighbors  to  the  south,  it 
has  some  marked  charac- 
istics  of  its  forebears,  the 
French  and  the  English. 
Out  of  a  union  of  three  sources  mentioned 
is  rapidly  developing  a  Canadian  dentistry 
having  distinct  characteristics.  In  methods 
of  technique  and  office  management,  the 
Canadian  dentist  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  his  American  confrere,  but  in  educa- 
tion there  is  much  of  the  British  method 
followed.  The  preceptor  method  of  instruc- 
tion followed  in  Great  Britain  prevailed 
longer  in  Canada  than  in  the  United  States, 
and  is  still  in  vogue  in  some  of  the  Prov- 
inces where  dental  schools  do  not  exist. 
There  is  more  reliance  placed  on  the  early 
education  of  the  dental  student  and  the 
time  spent  in  study  than  upon  a  quick  ac- 
quirement of  technical  procedures.  The 
French  have  influenced  dental  education  in 
artistic  and  professional  aspects. 

In  dental  laws  and  administration  Can- 
ada holds  a  unique  position.  The  first 
dental  law  in  existence  was  passed  by  the 
Legislature  of  Ontario.  This  action  was 
closely  followed  first  by  New  York  and 
then  by  Quebec.  The  profession  in  each 
Province  has  an  independent  dental  law 
controlled  by  the  profession,  though  in  one 
or  two  provinces  the  Legislature  appoints 
a  part  of  the  members  of  the  Board.  Each 
Board  has  full  control  of  the  standards  of 
preliminary  education,  professional  educa- 
tion, and  professional  conduct  after  admis- 
sion to  practice.  The  Boards  have  power 
to  give  those  admitted  to  practice  the  title 
of  L.  D.  S.  A  license  from  the  Board  of 
one  Province  does  not  authorize  the  holder 
to  practice  in  any  other  Province. 

The  Dominion  Dental  Council  formed 
by  an  appointee  from  each  Provincial 
Board  holds  an  examination  each  year  for 
candidates  who  wish  to  obtain  a  certificate 
which  permits  the  holder  to  practice  in  any 
Province  in  the  Dominion.  There  is  also 
provision   in  the  by-laws  of  this   Council 


allowing  those  of  certain  professional 
standards  which  were  obtained  before  the 
Council  was  organized  to  transfer  from 
one  Province  to  another. 

There  are  four  dental  colleges,  three  of 
them  departments  of  regularly  organized 
universities  and  one  owned  and  controlled 
by  the  profession  of  Ontario.  These  are 
the  Maritime  Dental  College,  at  Halifax, 
the  dental  department  of  Dalhousie  Uni- 
versity; Laval  Dental  College,  a  depart- 
ment of  Laval  University,  Montreal,  Que.; 
the  dental  department  of  McGill  Univer- 
sity, Montreal;  and  the  Royal  College  of 
Dental  Surgeons  of  Ontario,  Toronto.  The 
Provincial  universities  of  the  western  Prov- 
inces have  made  provision  for  dental  de- 
partments, but  have  not  yet  organized  a 
teaching  staff. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  dental  societies 
in  Canada,  official  and  voluntary.  Official 
societies  are  those  organized  under  the 
provisions  of  a  legislative  act  and  which 
govern  the  profession  of  the  Province;  all 
others  are  voluntary.  The  Canadian  Dental 
Association,  the  national  society,  holds  its 
meetings  every  second  year. 

The  public  and  the  Government  of  Can- 
ada are  alive  to  the  value  of  dental  serv- 
ices. The  Boards  of  Health  of  some  of 
the  Provinces  have  dentists  acting  upon 
them.  Instruction  of  the  public  in  oral 
hygiene  is  officially  provided  for  in  all  the 
Provinces.  Dental  inspection  and  treat- 
ment of  school  children  are  officially  car- 
ried out  in  all  the  large  centers  and  in 
some  of  the  rural  districts. 

The  Government  of  Canada  has  given 
to  dentistry  greater  official  recognition  than 
has,  perhaps,  any  other  country.  Within 
a  few  months  an  Army  Dental  Service  has 
been  organized  upon  the  same  basis  and 
with  the  same  rank  as  that  of  any  other 
service  in  the  army.  The  organization  and 
management  are  separate  from  the  medi- 
cal or  any  other  service.  It  is  thus  placed 
upon  a  par  socially,  officially,  and  as  a 
value  to  the  public,  with  all  other  profes- 
sions or  services  under  the  Government. 
Dentistry  today  stands  high  in  the  esteem 
of  the  people  of  Canada 


1— Cathedral  dc  I',oc;r,ta.  2— Escucla  de  Medicina.  Farmacia  y  Dentisteria  d"e  la  Republica  del 
Salvador,  C.  A.  .'i— l'.anco  dc  Colombia  en  Bogota,  cstablecido  en  1875.  -4— Capitolis  Nacional  y  Plaza 
de  Bolivar,  Bogota,  Colombia.  ..  ^ 


I 


History  of  Dentistry  in  Chile 


By  Dr.  Alexander  Manhood 


EFORE  1860  there  were 
no  representatives  of  the 
profession  in  Chile,  but 
since  then  Drs.  Robinson, 
Demorest,  S  a  x  t  o  n  and 
others,  all  North  Ameri- 
can dentists,  have  arrived. 
In  1888,  President  Bai- 
rn a  c  e  d  a  organized  the 
Dental  ScBobl,  under  the  Faculty  of  Medi- 
cine. Its  beginning  was  very  modest, 
having  only  two  professors,  Nemecio  Da- 
vila,  dentist,  and  Roberto  Barahona,  phy- 
sician ;  and  for  equipment,  six  dental 
chairs  and  a  dozen  forceps.  It  was  situ- 
ated in  a  hall  in  the  St.  Vincent  Hospital. 
In  1896,  the  dean  of  the  Faculty  of 
Medicine,  Dr.  Carvallo  Elizalde,  obtained 
from  the  Government  an  order  appointing 
Dr.  Jerman  Valenzuela  commissioner  to 
study  dental  organization  and  progress  in 
Europe  and  the  United  States. 

In  1908,  Dr.  Valenzuela,  then  director 
of  the  Dental  School,  had  the  good  for- 
tune, by  his  own  particular  investigations, 
to  discover  by  dental  examination  a  clue 
to  a  crime  committed  by  the  Chancellor  of 
the  German  Legation,  who  defrauded  his 
charge,  murdered  the  porter,  set  fire  to 
the  building  and  then  disappeared,  but  was 
finally  captured,  tried  and  sentenced.  This 
event  deeply  impressed  public  opinion  both 
in  Chile  and  abroad,  by  showing  the  impor- 
tance of  dental  science.  It  also  induced 
President  Montt  to  favor  dental  advance- 
ment by  having  constructed  a  special 
building  for  dental  purposes  equipped  with 
all  modern  appliances.  There  are  ninety- 
five  pump  chairs,  complete  with  brackets 
and  fountain  spittoons,  laboratories  for  X- 
ray,  bacteriology,  orthodontia,  gold  casting, 
ceramics,  plate,  and  crown  and  bridge  work. 
The  school  gives  a  three  years'  course, 
with  terms  of  eight  months  each,  after 
which  the  students  are  examined,  and  if 
found  proficient,  are  allowed  to  take  their 
final  examinations  before  the  State  Board. 
The  professors  are  the  following: 
Dr.  Valenzuela,  Dr.  Luis  Vargas,  Dr. 
Luis  Plaza,  Dr.  Jorge  Villaseca,  Dr.  Arthur 
Sierra,  Dr.  Guillermo  Velasco,  Dr.  Aurelio 
Iglesias,  Dr.  Luis  Lagos,  Dr.  Elias  Escala. 


Dr.  Alberto  Concha,  Dr.  Efrain  Jafia,  Dr. 
Romulo  Lavin,  Dr.  Carlos  Mujica,  Dr. 
Tomas  Allende,  Dr.  Salvador  Castillo,  Dr. 
Oscar  Silve,  Dr.  Rafael  Toro,  Dr.  Roberto 
Brieba,  Dr.  Alexander  Manhood,  Dr.  Her- 
man Fleischmann,  Dr.  Alfonso  Leng,  Dr. 
Francisco  Jenschke,  Dr.  Exequiel  Gonzalez, 
Dr.  Roberto  Barahona,  Dr.  Julio  Paredes, 
Dr.  Osvaldo  Salas,  Dr.  Tomas  Quevedo, 
Dr.  Sara  Rosas  S. 

It  is  the  only  dental  school  in  the  coun- 
try, and  as  in  all  Chilean  Government 
schools  there  is  no  fee  charged  for  in- 
struction. In  order  to  matriculate,  all  the 
candidate  needs  is  to  present  a  certificate 
of  having  finished  successfully  a  high 
school  training  (Bachillerato). 

There  are  two  dental  societies  and  a 
journal  devoted  exclusively  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  profession.  The  Odontological 
Society  was  organized  in  May  of  1908,  in 
Santiago,  by  the  enthusiastic  co-operation 
of  Drs.  Bolton,  Cabrera,  Luis  de  la  Barra 
and  Manhood,  who  addressed  the  other 
fourteen  colleagues  present,  stating  that 
the  meeting  had  been  called  to  exchange 
ideas  about  the  formation  of  a  society  to 
further  dental  interests.  The  society  meets 
regularly  once  a  month  and  holds  clinics 
on  the  10th,  11th  and  12th  of  September, 
the  anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  the 
new  school.  At  the  same  time  there  is  an 
exhibit  of  dental  instruments,  in  which 
German  firms  are  always  represented.  The 
society  is  composed  of  eighty  members, 
but  on  clinic  days  over  two  hundred  den- 
tists attend.  The  official  organ  is  the  Re- 
vista  Dental.  The  directors  are:  Pedro 
Diaz,  Luis  Azocar,  Luis  Lagos,  Jose  Ca- 
brera, Alfredo  Betteley,  Eduardo  Manns, 
Edwin  Perrett,  Charles  Bolton,  Arthur 
Sierra,  Pedro  Labarca,  and  Vicente  del 
Real. 

The  Odontological  Society  of  Valparaiso 
was  organized  in  1913  by  Drs.  Luis  Ra- 
veau,  Eduardo  Gumming,  Jorge  Muriia, 
Ernesto  Eisle:  directors:  Teodoro  Jandin 
Moller,  Aurelio  Pickering,  Alfonso  Kreft 
and  Julio  Liiian.  There  are  twenty-eight 
members. 

In  the  whole  of  Chile  there  are  about 
three  hundred  practicing  dentists. 


ib 


The  Dental  Profession  in  Colombia 

By  Dr.  Alberto  Patino 

f  P'^'^^f^^II^HE  Republic  of  Colombia 
'^•'' '     ■*^^*'    is  situated  on  the  north- 


If ^^^'1  Wa  east  of  South  America, 
just  across  the  Caribbean 
Sea  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  from  the  United 
States,  and  it  has  coasts 
on  both  oceans.  The 
shortest  distance  between 
it  and  the  United  States  is  not  as  far  as 
from  Chicago  to  New  York.  From  this 
city  to  the  Colombian  ports  on  the  Atlantic 
is  less  than  1,900  miles,  and  the  trip  can 
be  made  in  five  days. 

Colombia  is  larger  than  all  the  Atlantic 
States  with  West  Virginia  and  Ohio  added, 
and,  notwithstanding  it  is  almost  on  the 
equator,  as  a  great  part  of  the  land  is 
high  above  the  sea,  there  are  found  all  the 
climates,  and  consequently  the  productions, 
of  the  three  zones.  The  population  is 
about  6,000,000.  Bogota,  the  capital,  is  a 
fine  city  of  150,000  inhabitants,  built  upon 
a  plateau  of  the  Andes,  and  it  has  ever 
been  celebrated  for  the  refinement  and  high 
culture  of  its  people. 

In  regard  to  the  dental  profession,  Co- 
lombia holds  the  first  place,  together  with 
Brazil,  Chile  and  Argentine.  The  first 
dental  college  opened  in  Bogota  in   1888. 


Later,  there  was  established  another  col- 
lege in  Cartagena,  and  yet  another  in 
Bogota  in  1912.  The  curriculum  approved 
by  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  for 
these  institutions  comprises  the  following 
courses,  distributed  during  a  three  years' 
term:  Physics,  chemistry,  metallurgy,  his- 
tology, bacteriology,  anatomy,  dental  path- 
ology, physiology  and  hygiene,  materia 
medica  and  therapeutics,  operative  and 
prosthetic  dentistry. 

There  are  at  present  two  dental  societies 
in  Bogota  and  three  monthly  reviews  are 
published,  among  which  the  oldest  and 
best  known  in  and  out  of  the  country  is 
La  Odontologia  Colombiana. 

Dental  hygiene  is  attracting  more  and 
more  attention  every  day,  especially  among 
the  refined  classes,  and  great  importance 
has  been  paid  to  the  care  of  children's 
teeth.  The  reason  for  this  is  brought 
about  mainly  by  publications,  conferences 
and  the  diffusion  of  hygiene  rules  by  the 
profession.  The  "Cartilla  de  Higiene 
Bucal,"  by  Dr.  Jorge  Cajiao  Candia,  of 
which  the  Government  ordered  a  large  edi- 
tion, has  been  distributed  among  the  chil- 
dren of  public  schools,  and  Dr.  Tamayo's 
booklet  on  the  care  of  the  teeth  has  visited 
almost  every  home  in  the  country. 


2— The  legal  medical  study  of  dentistry  made  by  the  director  of  the  Dental  School,  Dr.  Jerman  Valen- 
zuela  Basterrlca,  demonstrated  in  a  famous  criminal  process  the  identity  of  the  person  entombed.  (Triple 
crime  committed  in  the  German  Legation,  February,  1909.)  Had  been  buried  as  the  body  of  Beckert,  and 
the  murder  attributed  to  Tapla.  The  body  was  that  of  Tapia,  the  victim;  therefore  Beckert  was  the 
assassin.  This  act  having  affected  public  opinion  greatly,  and  having  international  associations,  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  President  IXin  Pedro  Mont  decided  to  have  an  efficacious  protection  in  the  teaching  of 
dentistry,  and  the  construction  of  a  building  for  its  school. 


35 


1 — "La  Fuerza,"  Havana,  Cuba,  built  about  I51"j.  'I'his  fort  i-  tlu  oUKst  building  in  Havana, 
and  contains  the  National  Public  Library.  2— Official  Conference  Hall,  Dental  Institute,  Guatemala. 
3 — Dental  Institute,  Guatemala.  4 — The  Palace  is  the  residence  of  the  President  of  Cuba,  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  Spanish  Captain  Generals  and  of  the  American  Governors. 


3i 


tion  of  the  dental  profes- 
sion in  the  Repubhc  of 
Cuba  moves  on  hues  simi- 
lar to  those  representing 
the  progress  of  our  pro- 
fession in  the  United 
States.  The  founders  of 
dentistry  here  came  from 
Europe,  and  hence  the  European  schools 
held  the  dominating  influence  up  to  the 
middle  of  the  last  century;  afterwards,  our 
students  taking  advantage  of  the  facilities 
and  proximity  of  the  American  colleges, 
brought  here  the  practical  and  scientific 
knowledge  of  those  independent  schools. 
The  first  dental  colleges  in  Cuba  were  estab- 
lished just  prior  to  1880 ;  several  flourished 
in  the  city  of  Havana,  but  being  private 
institutions,  they  ceased  to  exist  in  the  year 
1899,  when  the  Dental  School  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Havana  was  established.  This 
university  is  an  official  Government  insti- 
tution. The  course  of  instruction  extends 
over  a  period  of  three  years  and  is  equal  to 
that  of  similar  American  institutions. 

The  practice  of  dentistry  here  has  al- 
ways been  regulated  by  law.  An  applicant 
for  a  license  to  practice  must  be  either  a 
graduate  of  the  National  University  or  of 
some  foreign  standard  school ;  the  latter, 
however,  must  pass  a  satisfactory  examina- 
tion before  the  board  of  the  university,  cor- 
responding to  the  State  Board  of  Examiners 
in  the  United  States. 

The  social  aspect  of  dentistry  commenced 
in  1879,  when  the  first  society,  the  Odon- 
tological  Society  of  Havana,  was  founded. 
It  has  published,  since  the  year  of  its  foun- 
dation, the  official  organ.  Annals  of  the 
Odontological  Society  of  Havana,  a  month- 
ly publication.  The  society  and  its  peri- 
odical existed  continuously  for  seventeen 
years,  and  during  that  time  did  much  for 
the  cause  of  dentistry.  In  189.5  the  society 
disbanded    and    the    publication    was    sus- 


pended owing  to  conditions  incident  to  the 
war  for  independence. 

During  those  days,  several  periodicals 
came  into  existence,  and,  although  of  short 
life,  were  of  material  benefit  to  the  profes- 
sion. 

The  present  society,  the  Havana  Dental 
Society,  practically  the  continuation  of  the 
old  Odontological  Society,  was  established 
in  1900  and  publishes  a  monthly.  Annals 
of  the  Haivna  Dental  Society.  Under  the 
auspices  of  the  society,  the  First  Cuban 
Odontological  Congress  was  organized  and 
held  a  meeting  in  1912  in  this  city,  with  a 
large  attendance.  One  of  the  popular  edu- 
cational features  was  the  distribution  of 
over  a  thousand  books  and  toys,  which 
were  given  as  prizes  for  clean  teeth  to 
children  of  the  poor,  and  of  the  public 
schools.  Thousands  of  children  were  in- 
spected by  a  committee  appointed  from  the 
membership  of  the  society,  and  a  pamphlet 
on  "The  Hygiene  of  the  Mouth  and  Teeth 
in  Children,"  issued  by  authority  of  the 
Congress,  was  freely  distributed.  We  have 
had  odontological  sections  in  five  medical 
congresses,  viz. :  the  Regional  Medical 
Congress,  1890 ;  the  Third  Pan-American 
Medical  Congress,  1901 ;  the  First  National 
Medical  Congress,  1905;  the  Second,  1911, 
and  the  Third  in  1914.  In  Santiago  de 
Cuba,  the  Oriental  Dental  Society  has  been 
in  existence  for  nearly  a  decade.  The 
present  periodical  literature  comprises, 
apart  from  the  already  mentioned  Annals, 
the  Revista  Dental,  a  monthly  publication 
of  wide  circulation.  In  regard  to  profes- 
sional literature,  it  is  interesting  to  state 
that  the  first  book  published  was  printed  in 
Havana  in  1830. 

The  inspection  of  the  teeth  of  the  chil- 
dren in  the  public  schools  has  long  been 
established,  and  municipal  dental  dispen- 
saries for  the  poor  are  in  existence.  The 
Army  Dental  Corps  has  also  done  much 
good  work.  The  public  institutions — ma- 
ternity, orphan,  poor  children,  old  people, 
insane,  etc. — are  professionally  attended  to. 


Ui^ 


1— Dental  School,  Copenhagen.    2— Dental  School,  Copenhagen.    3— Dental  Institute  of  the  State 
University,  Utrecht. 


The  Dental  Profession  in  Denmark 

By  Dr.  Chr,  Holst 


ENMARK,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  2,757,000,  has  440 
dental  practitioners. 

The    Medical    Depart- 
ment, arranged  under  the 
Ministry     of    Justice,     is 
represented  by  the   Com- 
mittee of  Health,  with  the 
Counsellor   of    State,    Dr. 
Hoff,  as  president.     On  the  Committee  of 
Health,  the  dental  profession  is  represented 
by  Professor  C.  Christensen,  a  prominent 
dentist. 

The  dental  organizations  consist  of  a 
Capital  Association,  "Dansk  Tandlozeforen- 
ing"  (Danish  Association  of  Dentists),  of 
which  Dr.  Kiersgaard,  of  Copenhagen,  is 
president,  and  eight  local  associations. 
These  local  associations  elect  representa- 
tives to  the  Capital  Association  on  the 
basis  of  membership.  These  representa- 
tives, together  with  the  Capital  Committee, 
decide  all  questions  concerning  dentistry  in 
general,  while  local  questions  are  decided 
within  the  local  association. 

Publications.  Tandlozehladel  {The  Pa- 
per of  Dentists),  a  weekly  publication, 
whose  editor  is  elected  from  the  "Dansk 
Tandlozeforening"  and  who  receives  a  sal- 
ary for  this  service,  is  at  present  in  charge 
of  Dr.  Baltzer  Andersen,  of  Copenhagen. 
C.  Ash  &  Sons,  of  Copenhagen,  also  issue 
a  monthly  publication. 

In  the  Institute  of  State  for  treatment 
of  oral  diseases,  a  department  for  the 
prosthetic  treatment  of  cleft-palate  patients 
is,  at  present,  in  charge  of  Decent  W. 
Block. 

Members  of  the  profession  find  appoint- 
ment at  the  military  garrisons  in  all  the 
principal  towns. 

Dental  school  clinics  are  established  in 
several  towns  in  the  country,  as  municipal 
institutions,  and  under  the  stimulus  of 
"The  Association  for  the  Care  of  Chil- 
dren's Teeth"  there  is  manifest  a  vital  in- 
terest in  the  subject  as  regards  indigent 
school  children. 

A  School  for  Dentists,  founded  in  1888 
by  the  State,  now  consists,  in  accordance 
with  a  royal  edict,  of  four  clinical  divi- 
sions,  viz.: 


1.  A  department  of  diseases  of  the 
mouth  and  teeth. 

2.  A  department  for  the  filling  of  teeth. 

3.  One  for  general  prosthesis. 

4.  One  for  crown  and  bridge,  prosthe- 
sis of  the  jaws  and  regulation  of  teeth, 
besides  a  Roentgen  laboratory  and  a  chem- 
ical  laboratory. 

The  school  employs  ten  teachers  (Do- 
center),  who  constitute  a  council  of  teach- 
ers. They  elect  a  president  from  among 
themselves.  The  president  acts  as  a  direc- 
tor. 

The  teaching  staff  consists  of  the  fol- 
lowing : 

1.  Dr.  Med.  C.  C.  Hansen,  director  and 
teacher  of  anatomy. 

2.  Dr.  Med.  Max  Melchior,  chief  phy- 
sician, teacher  of  special  surgery  and  leader 
of  the  surgical  clinic. 

3.  Docent  Chr.  Hoist,  teacher  of  opera- 
tive dentistry  and  leader  of  the  operative 
clinic. 

4.  Docent  W.  Block,  teacher  of  pros- 
thetic dentistry  and  leader  of  the  prosthetic 
clinic. 

5.  Docent  Hallander,  teacher  of  crown 
and  bridge  work,  and  leader  of  the  clinic 
in  this  subject. 

6.  Dr.  Med.  Boock,  teacher  of  pharma- 
cology and  professor  at  the  university. 

7.  Bjorn  Andersen,  Cand.  May.  Scient., 
teacher  of  chemistry  and  leader  of  chem- 
ical trainings. 

8.  Dr.  Med.  Jorgen  Jensen,  teacher  of 
general  surgery. 

9.  Dr.  Phil.  Chr.  Krogh,  teacher  of 
physiology. 

10.  Docent  Budtz  Jorgensen,  teacher  of 
propedentics. 

The  course  of  instruction  extends  over 
a  period  of  three  years,  and  the  school  will 
accommodate  thirty-five  students  a  year. 
The  requirements  for  admission  to  the 
dental  school  are:  A  diploma  from  a  high 
school  teaching  three  languages,  including 
Latin,  or  passing  a  satisfactory  examina- 
tion in  these  subjects. 

To  get  jus  practicandi  after  passing  these 
examinations,  one  must  give  evidence  of 
having  served  two  years  as  assistant  to  a 
legal  practitioner. 


.  (]) 


m'm 


wv 


r: 


1— The  Thomas  W.  Evans  Museum  and  Dental  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  2— The  Baltimore  Col- 
lege of  Dental  Surgery,  1839.  3 — Operating  Room,  The  Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary  for  Children.  4 — The 
Forsyth  Dental  Infirmary  for  Children,  Boston,  Mass. 


England 

By  Dr.  W.  B.  Patterson,  London. 


ENTISTRY  in  England, 
'  as  practiced  by  the  quali- 
1  fied  dentists  of  the  coun- 
try, requires  a  course  of 
study  extending  over  a 
period  of  four  years.  The 
tendency  in  England  at 
the  present  day  is  for  den- 
tal students  to  attend  those 
large  geflfPSl'  hospitals  in  the  chief  cities 
which  possess  a  special  dental  department, 
or  which  have  a  special  dental  hospital  as- 
sociated with  and  in  close  proximity  to 
them.  At  no  dental  hospital  is  the  teaching 
of  all  the  subjects  of  the  dental  curriculum 
done  under  one  roof.  Before  a  student  can 
enter  a  hospital  and  commence  his  profes- 
sional studies,  it  is  necessary  for  him  to 
pass  a  preliminary  examination  in  the  sub- 
jects of  a  general  education,  such  as  Eng- 
lish grammar  and  composition,  simple 
mathematics  and  Latin,  and  one  optional 
subject,  either  a  modern  language  or  easy 
Greek.  Many  similar  preliminary  educa- 
tional examinations  of  foreign  colleges  and 
universities  are  accepted  in  lieu  of  this  ex- 
amination. 

The  common  or  ordinary  requirement 
for  the  practice  of  dentistry  is  a  license 
issued  by  one  of  the  Royal  Colleges  of 
Surgeons  in  England,  Scotland  or  Ireland. 
The  subjects  for  study  and  the  examina- 
tions for  this  license  are  practically  the 
same  in  all  three  countries.  Exemptions 
are  granted  to  students  trained  abroad. 

The  institutions  granting  dental  degrees 
are  the  Royal  Colleges  of  Surgeons,  located 
at  London,  Edinburgh,  Dublin  and  Glas- 
gow, which  give  the  degree  of  L.  D.  S. 
(Licentiate  in  Dental  Surgery),  and  the 
various  universities,  which  confer  the  addi- 
tional degrees  of  B.  D.  S.  and  M.  D.  S. 
(Bachelor's  and  Master's  degrees). 

The  first  two  years  of  a  dental  course 
are  occupied  chiefly  with  dental  mechanics, 
which  may  be  taken  either  in  the  laboratory 
of  a  dental  hospital  or  in  that  of  a  private 
dentist ;  the  next  two  years,  however,  must 
be  spent  at  some  dental  institution. 

Of  the  state  of  dentistry  in  England  it  is 
less  easy  to  speak.  The  need  for  dentistry 
is  great,  and  increasingly  so.     The  Euro- 


pean war  is  influencing  dentistry  in  various 
ways.  There  are  fewer  students  in  train- 
ing. There  is  less  money  to  be  spent  upon 
dentistry,  either  by  private  individuals  or 
by  the  State.  School  dental  clinics,  which 
were  spreading  throughout  the  country,  are 
for  the  moment  somewhat  checked  in  their 
progress.  The  public  conscience,  which, 
thanks  to  the  medical  profession,  was  grad- 
ually realizing  the  dangers  of  dental  caries 
and  oral  sepsis,  is  for  the  moment,  owing  to 
the  war,  apathetic  towards  dentistry  as  a 
part  of  national  State  hygiene. 

But  the  most  serious  factor  in  the  situa- 
tion is  perhaps  the  state  of  dental  profes- 
sion itself.  The  profession  may  be  divided 
into  two  parts.  The  smaller  part  consists 
of  all  the  qualified  dentists  who  have 
passed  an  examination  after  a  training  at 
a  dental  school.  The  larger  part  consists 
of  men  who  have  never  received  such 
training  and  who  have  not  passed  an 
examination  indicating  ability  to  practice 
dentistry  of  any  kind.  This  latter  class 
devotes  its  attention  chiefly  to  that  most 
remunerative  form  of  dentistry  in  this 
country,  known  as  artificial  dentures  in  vul- 
canite work.  Most  of  the  members  of  this 
class  have  at  some  early  period  of  their 
career  been  engaged  as  mechanics  in  the 
laboratories  of  dental  practitioners,  before 
setting  up  in  dental  practice  for  themselves, 
consequently  they  possess  to  .some  extent  a 
working  knowledge  of  mechanical  den- 
tistry. 

The  law  of  England,  by  a  curious  anom- 
aly, does  not  expressly  forbid  such  prac- 
tice, although  it  stringently  prohibits  the 
use  of  the  title  "Dentist"  or  "Dental  Sur- 
geon" by  such  unqualified  practitioners. 

The  result  is  that  an  unsatisfactory  state 
of  the  dental  profession  is  in  existence, 
which  acts  as  a  powerful  deterrent  to 
young  men  of  education  and  honorable  in- 
tentions entering  dental  schools  and  passing 
examinations  in  the  subjects  of  dentistry. 

The  British  public,  it  should  be  men- 
tioned, is  misled  not  only  by  the  many  and 
various  specious  devices  in  the  use  of  titles 
which  the  wit  of  man  is  able  to  invent  to 
circumvent  the  law,  but  it  is  misled  by  the 


/ 


1— Incorporated  Dental  Hospital  of  Ireland,  Dublin.     2— The  Weir  Hall,  Incorporated  Dental 
Hospital  of  Ireland,  Dublin.    3— Operating  Room,  Dental  College,  Helsingfors,  Plnland, 

42 


wording-  of  the  law  itself;  and,  further- 
more, in  a  vast  number  of  cases  it  is  mis- 
led by  the  suggestion  that  true  economy  is 
practiced  in  parting  with  the  natural  den- 
ture and  substituting  that  produced  by  art. 
The  General  Council  of  Medical  Educa- 
tion of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  the 
British  Medical  Association,  and  the  British 


Dental  Association  are  all  engaged  with  the 
Legislature  in  an  honorable  attempt  to 
amend  the  present  state  of  the  law,  but  the 
war  is  at  the  moment  paralyzing  their 
efforts.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  a  brighter  future  may  be 
in  store  for  the  dental  schools  and  for  den- 
tistry in  connection  with  the  public  health. 


Ireland 

By  A.  W.  W.  Baker,  Esq.,  L.  D.  S.,  I.  M.  D.,  F.  R.  C.  S.  I. 
Photographs  taken  by  Mrs.  A.  W.  W.  Baker. 


The  University  of  Dublin  (Trinity  Col- 
lege) evinced  her  interest  in  dentistry  some 
years  ago  by  constituting  as  optional  sub- 
jects for  the  degree  of  M.  Ch.  (Master  of 
Surgery),  "surgery  in  one  of  its  recognized 
branches,  viz. :  ophthalmic  and  aural ;  gynae- 
cological ;  dental."  The  importance  of  this 
decision  to  our  profession  can  scarcely  be 
overrated. 

Since  then  the  University  has  established 
a  school  of  dental  science,  and  lectures  are 
given  by  the  university  professors  and 
lectures  in  anatomy,  chemistry,  surgery, 
natural  philosophy,  physiology,  pathology, 
dental  surgery  and  pathology,  dental  me- 
chanics, orthodontia  and  anaesthetics.  The 
university  grants  the  degrees  of  Bachelor 
and  Master  in  Dental  Science.  Either  of 
these  qualifications  entitles  the  holder  to  be 
registered  as  a  licensed  dental  practitioner. 
In  order  to  obtain  the  degree  of  Bachelor 
(B.  Dent.  Sc),  candidates  must  have  com- 
pleted the  course  for  the  Arts  degree 
(B.  A.)   of  the  university  and   have  spent 


at  least  four  years  in  the  school  of  den- 
tistry. The  degree  of  Master  in  Dental 
Science  (M.  Dent.  Sc.)  is  awarded  after 
a  further  examination  and  cannot  be  taken 
until  the  end  of  a  fifth  year  of  study. 

The  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  in  Ire- 
land was  the  first  licensing  corporation  in 
Dublin  to  grant  a  diploma  in  dentistry, 
which  dates  back  to  nearly  forty  years  ago. 
The  diploma  granted  to  successful  candi- 
dates is  License  in  Dental  Surgery  (L.  D. 
S.  I.),  Ireland  being  added  to  distinguish 
the  diploma  from  those  of  the  other  Royal 
Colleges.  The  courses  of  study  prescribed 
for  students  and  the  regulations  for  their 
examination  are  essentially  the  same  as  in 
the  other  Royal  Colleges  elsewhere  in  the 
United  Kingdom. 

University  College,  a  constituent  college 
of  the  National  University  of  Ireland,  also 
grants  degrees  in  dentistry  (Bachelor  and 
Master  of  Dental  Surgery),  the  conditions 
for  which  do  not  materially  differ  from 
those  prescribed  by  the  other  licensing 
bodies. 


1— Helsingfors,  Finland.    2— Statue  of  Alexander  Helsingfors,  Finland.    3 — Monument  to  Victor 
Emanuel  II  at  Rome,  Italy.    4 — University  at  Helsingfors,  Finland. 

44 

,-— .^-^ 


Ib 


HE  Grand  Duchy  of  Fin- 
land, which,  since  the  year 
_    1809,  has  been   united  to 
j^;    the  Empire  of  Russia,  has 
about  three  and  one-quar- 
ter milHon  inhabitants. 

As  in  many  other 
States,  dentistry  in  Fin- 
land is  of  a  relatively  late 
date."  The  first  graduate  dentists  who  prac- 
ticed in  the  country  were  Germans  and 
Swedes. 

The  question  of  organizing  the  dental 
work  in  Finland  was  first  suggested  to  the 
body  of  physicians  of  the  country  in  1883 
by  some  interested  dentists.  Proposals 
were  made  in  1885  and  1887,  but  not  until 
1891  did  the  Imperial  ordinance  emanate 
"Concerning  the  Organization  of  the  In- 
struction in  Dentistry  in  Finland."  In  con- 
sequence, there  was  established,  in  Helsing- 
fors,  the  capital  of  the  country,  a  Dentists' 
Hospital,  subordinate  to  the  Faculty  of 
Medicine  of  the  Imperial  Alexander  Uni- 
versity of  Helsingfors. 

This  hospital,  being  at  first  only  a  sec- 
tion of  the  "Polyclinique"  of  the  Surgical 
Hospital  of  Helsingfors,  has  since  devel- 
oped into  one  of  the  greatest  and  most 
modern  odontologic  establishments  in  the 
Scandinavian  countries. 

The  instruction  at  this  establishment  is 
now  imparted  by  two  masters.one  of  whom 
has  charge  of  the  preservative  treatment  of 
teeth,  and  mouth  surgery,  while  the  other 
is  in  charge  of  prothesology  and  the  regu- 
lation of  teeth.  Two  ordinary  assistants 
are,  besides,  engaged  in  carrying  on  the 
work. 

At  the  present  moment,  about  fifty  stu- 
dents are  enrolled  at  this  school. 

Any  one  who  has  passed  the  dentists' 
examination  at  the  University  of  Finland 
is  entitled  to  practice  dentistry  in  this  coun- 
try, as  are  also  legalized  Finnish  physi- 
cians and  dentists  who  have  passed  exami- 
nations in  Russia. 

The  examination  subjects  required  for 
future  dentists  in  Finland  are: 

1.  Medical  preliminary  examination  in 
chemistry,  physics,  zoology  and  botany  (at 
least  one  and  a  half  years'  course). 


Dentist-candidate  examination,  m 
anatomy,  physiology  and  materia  medico, 
and  a  practical  co^irse  in  bacteriology  (at 
least  one  and  a  half  years'  course). 

3.  Dentist's  examination,  which,  after 
at  least  three  terms'  service  at  the  Odon- 
tologie  Establishment  of  the  University  and 
two  months'  attendance  at  the  Syphilidolo- 
gie  Clinique,  shall  consist  of  an  examina- 
tion by  the  two  masters  at  the  Odontologie 
Establishment  and  by  the  professor  of  Sur- 
gical "Clinique"  (at  least  a  two  years' 
course). 

A  great  many  of  the  dentists  of  Finland 
have  passed  their  final  examination  abroad 
(in  Germany,  Sweden  or  Norway)  and 
have,  after  this  examination,  been  allowed 
to  practice  in  this  country;  but  since  Janu- 
ary 1,  1910,  all  dentist  candidates,  without 
exception,  are  obliged  to  undergo  the 
above-named  examinations,  in  order  to  gain 
venia  practicandi. 

At  the  present  moment,  ninety-eight  Fin- 
nish dentists  are  entitled  to  practice  in  this 
country.  Of  these,  seven  are,  besides,  com- 
pletely educated  and  trained  physicians. 

In  order  to  promote  their  profession, 
the  dentists  of  Finland  have  united  to  form 
a  society,  the  Finnish  Dentists'  Societv, 
founded  April  16,  1892.  The  society, 
whose  transactions  are  now  published  in 
two  volumes  a  year,  consisted,  at  the  end 
of  1914,  of  eighty-three  members,  besides 
honorary  and  corresponding  members. 
Among  the  last  named,  the  society  has  the 
honor  of  enrolling  also  some  eminent 
American  dentists. 

The  position  of  odontology  in  Finland  as 
an  independent  branch  of  medicine  received 
a  universal  acknowledgment  in  1903.  at  the 
meeting  of  Northern  Naturalists  and  Phy- 
sicians in  Helsingfors,  where  odontology 
was  for  the  first  time  represented  by  a  sec- 
tion of  its  own. 

The  most  of  the  dentists  of  Finland  have 
gone  abroad  for  study,  after  completing  the 
prescribed  course  at  Helsingfors.  A  ma- 
jority belong  to  the  Federation  Dentaire 
Internationale,  and  one  of  the  Finnish  den- 
(Continued  on  page  47) 


T^ 


T — 


^^^Wf;7^ 


Synopsis  of  the  Evolution  of  Dentistry  in  France 


By  Dr.  Ch.  Godon 


know  that  the  French 
dental  art  shone  with  its 
u  t  m  o's  t  splendor  during 
t  h  e  eighteenth  century. 
The  truly  scientific  time 
of  its  evolution  begins 
with  Pierre  Fauchard, 
author  of  the  first  manual 
of  dental  surgery,  pub- 
lished in  1728 ;  and,  until  the  beginning  of 
the  nineteenth  century,  the  French  dentists 
enjoyed  the  greatest  reputation  for  their 
skill;  but  they  seem  to  have  lost  that  skil- 
fulness  after  the  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth century.  Consequently  the  dentists 
started  an  important  professional  movement 
in  France,  about  1879,  to  raise  their  pro- 
fession to  its  former  standard.  This  move- 
ment led  to  the  establishing  of  the  first 
dental  school  in  France,  known  as  "L'Ecole 
Dentaire  de  Paris,"  or  "The  Dental  School 
of  Paris."  This  movement  gave  birth  at 
first  to  a  society  called  "Le  Cercle  des  Den- 
tistes  de  Paris,"  or  "The  Dentists'  Club  of 
Paris,"  which  became,  a  few  years  later, 
"L'Association  Generale  Syndicale  des 
Dentistes  de  France,"  or  "The  General 
Syndicated  Association  of  the  Dentists  of 
France."  The  aim  sought  by  this  club  was 
both  to  defend  the  professional  interests 
of  its  members  and  to  reform  the  dental 
technics  and  its  practice  in  France.  Its 
first  care  was  to  establish  a  school  in 
which  should  be  taught  methodically  and 
scientifically  the  science  of  dentistry,  which 
at  that  time  was  taught  in  France  only 
through  individual  apprenticeship.  The 
Dental  School  of  Paris,  established  in  1880, 
had  a  two-fold  aim :  First,  to  teach  to  stu- 
dents through  theory  and  practice  the 
odontologic  science,  and  second,  to  estab- 
lish a  dental  dispensary  for  the  indigent. 
Its  founders  modeled  their  own  school  after 
the  dental  colleges  of  the  United   States, 


whose  curriculum  they  took  and  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  the  dental  profession  in 
France. 

The  progress  made  by  the  School  of 
Dentistry  of  Paris  in  the  recruiting  and  in 
the  forming  of  a  body  of  competent  den- 
tists, the  creation  of  a  scientific  society, 
"Societe  d'Odontologie  de  Paris,"  or  the 
"Odontologic  Society  of  Paris,"  and  of  a 
monthly  review  called  L'Odontologie,  or 
The  Odontology,  caused  the  establishment 
four  years  later,  in  1884,  of  a  similar  school, 
called  "The  Odontotechnic  School,"  and 
caused  the  French  Government  to  recognize 
these  schools  and  to  enact  laws  for  the  regu- 
lation of  the  academic  studies  pursued  in 
the  dental  schools  of  France.  Such  was  in 
part  the  aim  both  of  the  law  passed  on 
the  30th  of  November,  1892,  with  regard 
to  dental  medicine,  and  of  the  completing 
decrees  or  laws  of  the  25th  of  July,  1893, 
and  of  the  31st  of  December,  1894,  which 
created  an  obligatory  State  diploma  for  the 
surgeon  dentist,  and  made  unlawful  the 
practice  of  dentistry  without  a  physician's 
or  a  dentist's  State  diploma.  These  laws 
fixed  also  the  period  of  odontologic  study 
at  three  years  and  also  prescribed  that 
three  examinations  be  taken  by  the  candi- 
dates during  the  three  years.  This  law  did 
not  take  into  sufficient  consideration  the 
odontologic  technic,  and  upon  the  repeated 
representations  of  the  odontologists  it  was 
modified  by  a  decree  of  the  11th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1909,  which  is  in  force  at  the  present 
time,  and  which  completes  very  effectively 
the  legislation  upon  the  matter. 

Whenever  a  student  in  dentistry  has  un- 
dergone a  course  of  general  study  giving 
him  a  certain  degree  of  general  proficiency 
in  odontologic  science,  the  law  enjoins 
upon  him  five  more  years  of  study,  two  of 
which  shall  be  given  to  probationary  work 
and  three  to  school  work.    The  two  years 


of  probationary  work  given  exclusively  to 
scientific  and  technical  studies  terminate 
Wfith  an  examination  for  the  validation  of 
this  probationary  work.  Then  come  three 
years  of  school  work,  and  at  the  end  of 
each  year  an  examination. 

It  is  after  the  third  year  and  the  last 
examination  that  the  State  diploma  is  given 
to  the  surgeon  dentist. 

Independently  of  the  two  dental  schools 
above  mentioned,  both  of  them  chartered 
by  the  State,  the  dental  teaching,  which  is 
free,     subject     to    certain     limitations,     is 


equally  given  in  the  dental  schools  of 
Lyon  and  Nantes,  as  well  as  by  the  facul- 
ties of  Bordeaux,  Lille  and  Nancy.  Be- 
sides The  Odontology,  other  dental  re- 
views are  published.  Likewise  independ- 
ently of  the  Odontological  Society  there 
have  been  established  other  scientific  dental 
societies. 

The  First  International  Dental  Congress 
met  in  Paris  in  1889,  and  the  Third  Inter- 
national Dental  Congress,  which  founded 
the  International  Dental  Federation,  met 
at  the  same  place  in  1900. 


America 
(Continued  from  page  16) 
of  the  statement  of  the  Medical  Faculty  of  In   summarizing 

the  University  of  Maryland  back  in  1839, 
"that  the  subject  of  dentistry  was  of  little 
consequence."  A  memorial  to  Thomas  W. 
Evans,  an  American  dentist  practicing  his 
profession  in  a  foreign  land,  achieving  dis- 
tinction and  success,  gratifying  a  personal 
desire  to  give  unto  others,  it  stands  today 
as  the  latest  achievement  bespeaking  the 
progress  and  pre-eminence  of  American 
dentistry. 


Dental  schools,  dental 
journals,  dental  associations,  have  made 
American  dentistry  what  it  is  today,  but 
each  and  all  of  these  factors  have  been 
inseparably  linked  with  the  names  of  men 
whose  lives  and  ideals  were  molded  into 
character,  founded  on  justice,  developed 
in  a  sturdy  environment  and  influenced  by 
the  finer  sense  of  morality  and  ethics 
which  means  for  all  things  immortalized 
fame. 


New  South  Wales 
(Continued  from  page  26) 


monwealth  has  formed  a  dental  corps  of 
officers,  the  senior  dental  surgeon  in  each 
State  to  be  a  captain  and  the  other  officers 
to  be  lieutenants. 

Some  years  ago  our  dental  journal  was 
purchased  by  the  four  representative  dental 
societies,  viz. :  The  Odontological  Society 
of  New  South  Wales,  the  Dental  Associa- 
tion of  New  South  Wales,  the  University 


of  Sydney  Dental  Graduates'  Society,  the 
New  South  Wales  Society  of  Dental  Grad- 
uates. These  gentlemen  formed  editorial 
and  management  committees,  increased  the 
size  of  the  journal,  canvassed  the  societies 
for  subscribers  and  appointed  an  editor-in- 
chief  in  the  person  of  Dr.  Percy  Ash.  The 
journal  is  now  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
successful  dental  journals  south  of  the  line. 


Finland 

(Continued  from  page  45) 


tists  is  a  member  of  its  Hygienic  Commis- 
sion. 

In  the  country,  the  General  Society  for 
Promoting  the  Care  of  the  Mouth  and 
Teeth  does  much  useful  work.  By  means 
of  public  lectures  and  popular  essays,  the 
society  works  for  mouth  hygiene,  particu- 
larly among  the  lower  classes  of  society, 
and  for  the  introduction  of  instruction  in 
the  care  of  the  teeth  in  the  schools  of  the 
country.     Three  towns,  Helsingfors,  Abo 


and  Tammerfors,  have  a  tooth  clinique  each, 
for  national  school  children,  where  they 
receive  rational  attention  to  their  teeth,  free 
of  cost. 

Tooth-caries  is,  I  regret  to  say,  a  very 
prevalent  disease  in  Finland.  According  to 
examinations  made  in  1912,  the  teeth  of 
3,225  out  of  3,400  national  school  children 
(average  age  9}4  years),  or  94.9  per  cent, 
were  affected  by  caries. 


^M 


By  Dr.  Eduardo  Caceres 


HE  Dental  Institute  of 
Guatemala  was  e  s  t  a  b  - 
lished  by  special  resolu- 
t  i  o  n  of  the  Executive 
Council  of  the  Republic 
on  the  1st  of  February, 
1896,  and  is  affiUated 
with  the  Faculty  of  Medi- 
c  i  n  e  and  Pharmacy,  by 
whose  executive  board  it  is  governed. 

In  the  Institute,  undergraduates  receive 
theoretical  and  practical  instruction  in  den- 
tal surgery  gratis. 

In  order  to  gain  admission  to  the  courses 
given  by  the  Faculty  of  Dentistry,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  have  graduated  in 
science  and  letters  at  a  recognized  univer- 
sity. The  regular  course  occupies  three 
years,  and  is  as  follows: 

First  Year. 

1.  Anatomy. 

2.  Osteology. 

3.  Histology  and  Dissection. 

4.  Physics. 

5.  Chemistry. 

Second  Year. 

1.  Physiology. 

2.  Dental  Pathology. 
Embryology. 

Operative  and  Prosthetic  Technique. 
Clinics. 

Third  Year. 
Therapeutics. 
Materia  Medica. 
Surgery. 
Prosthetic  Dentistry. 


5.  Orthodontia. 

6.  Operative  Dentistry. 

In  October,  which  is  the  end  of  the  aca- 
demic year,  the  undergraduate  must  pass 
an  examination  in  each  subject  of  his 
course.  After  he  has  concluded  his  third 
year  and  has  passed  all  his  final  examina- 
tions, he  is  then  required  to  undergo  a 
three  hours'  examination  on  theoretical  and 
practical  dentistry  and  also  to  present  an 
original  thesis  (printed)  on  some  subject 
previously  prescribed  by  the  dean  of  the 
faculty,  and  to  answer  a  series  of  oral  ques- 
tions thereon,  previously  selected  by  the 
dean  and  secretary  of  faculty.  The  part 
of  the  examination  bearing  chiefly  on  the 
subject  matter  of  the  thesis  is  held  by  the 
faculty  of  the  Institute  in  association  with 
two  surgeon  dentists  appointed  for  the 
purpose  by  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion. 

Foreigners  who  may  have  obtained  the 
title  of  surgeon  dentist  in  foreign  countries 
are  not  allowed  to  practice  in  Guatemala 
without  having  previously  submitted  to  the 
examination  prescribed  by  the  law  of  the 
Republic. 

Natives  of  Guatemala  who  obtain  their 
title  in  foreign  countries  may  be  incorpo- 
rated in  the  faculty  by  a  simple  resolution 
of  the  executive  board;  but,  notwithstand- 
ing this,  the  board  has  in  contemplation 
the  reform  of  this  regulation  to  the  extent 
of  requiring  from  those  who  may  desire  to 
be  incorporated,  the  Degree  of  Science  and 
Letters  or  its  equivalent. 


"f^:^^ — 


The  State  of  Dentistry  in  Italy 


By  Dr.  Vincenzo  Guerini 


|HE  State  of  dentistry  in 
Italy  is  still  unsatisfac- 
tory, chiefly  owing  to  the 
fact  that  up  to  a  few 
years  ago  there  were  no 
special  schools  for  the 
teaching  of  the  dental  art. 
It  was  ordained  by 
royal  decree,  April  24, 
1890,  that  thenceforward  all  those  intend- 
ing to  practice  dentistry  must  be  graduates 
of  medicine.  Of  course,  this  did  not  aflfect 
the  standing  of  those  who  were  practicing 
dentistry  prior  to  that  date. 

In  consequence  of  this  decree,  a  great 
number  of  medical  men  took  up  the  dental 
profession,  but  in  general  with  too  brief 
and  quite  insufficient  preparation,  made 
after  the  conclusion  of  their  medical 
studies.  The  medical  course  in  Italy  cov- 
ers a  period  of  six  years  and  is  usually 
completed  at  about  the  age  of  25,  but  the 
dental  specialty  is  not  included  therein. 

The  decree  was  evidently  made  with  a 
view  of  raising  the  standard  of  dentistry 
in  Italy,  but  it  failed  altogether  to  attain 
this  object,  for,  no  provision  having  been 
made  for  creating  dental  schools,  the  only 
effect  of  the  decree  was  to  produce,  beside 
the  older  class  of  practitioners,  another 
class,  less  efficient  than  the  former,  al- 
though provided  with  the  medical  degree. 
In  fact,  the  former  had  learned  the  dental 
art,  in  general,  by  a  practical  career  ex- 
tending over  many  years,  whilst  the  latter 
had,  in  most  cases,  entered  the  dental  pro- 
fession after  a  short  and  altogether  insuf- 
ficient preparation. 

These  unfavorable  conditions  still  per- 
sist, in  great  part,  even  at  the  present  day. 
Nevertheless,  a  certain  improvement  has 
already  taken  place,  for  seven  years  ago 
the  Italian  Institute  of  Stomatology  (Isti- 
tuto  Stomatologico  Italiano)  was  founded 
in  Milan  with  plentiful  and  modern  means 


for  the  teaching  of  all  parts  of  dentistry 
and  oral  surgery,  and  only  a  few  months 
ago  a  new  School  of  Stomatology  was 
opened  in  Florence.  The  Milanese  Insti- 
tute of  Stomatology  admits  as  students 
only  graduates  of  medicine  who  intend  to 
specialize  in  dentistry ;  while  the  school  at 
F'lorence  admits  also  students  of  the  last 
years  of  the  course  of  medicine,  thus  af- 
fording the  young  men  the  advantage  of 
a  longer  period  of  dental  instruction,  part 
of  which  may  be  carried  out  before  the 
conclusion  of  their  medical  studies  and 
part  after  the  obtaining  of  the  M.  D. 
diploma. 

The  above-mentioned  decree  has  re- 
cently passed  into  law.  At  the  same  time, 
a  great  number  of  illegal  practitioners  were 
allowed  to  continue  dental  practice,  some 
by  passing  an  examination  proving  their 
ability,  some  by  simply  presenting  docu- 
ments certifying  that  they  had  practiced 
dentistry  for  over  fifteen  years  and  were 
able  practitioners. 

At  the  present  time,  a  certain  number 
of  stomatological  societies  exist  in  Italy, 
formed  by  the  stomatologists  of  the  dif- 
ferent regions  of  Italy  (Piedmont,  Lom- 
bardy,  Liguria,  Tuscany,  etc.).  There  is 
also  an  Italian  Stomatological  Federation 
(Federazione  Stomatologica  Italiana), 
which  comprises  all  the  regional  stomato- 
logical societies. 

The  surgeon  dentists,  on  the  other  hand, 
have  also  regional  societies  and  a  national 
federation  (Federazione  tra  gli  Ordini  de- 
gli  Odontoiatri  d'ltalia). 

As  to  the  professional  press,  it  is  now 
represented  by  two  monthly  journals,  La 
Stomatologia,  the  official  organ  of  the  Fed- 
erazione Stomatologica  Italiana,  edited  by 
Prof.  Dr.  G.  Coen-Cagli,  and  L'Odonto- 
Stomatologia,  the  official  organ  of  the 
Federazione  tra  gli  Ordini  degli  Odontoia- 
tri d'ltalia,  edited  by  Dr.  Vincenzo  Guerini. 


V 


1— The  New  Punahon,  Bishop  Hall.    2— The  Old   Punahon    (Oahu  College).     3— The  Library  of        ,  i  r-^^j 
Hawaii.    4— Building  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  and  Dentistry,  Lima,  Peru.  I '  -*-' 


m 


¥ 


[E  first  record  of  the  ar- 
rival of  a  dentist  upon  the 
Hawaiian  Islands  is  con- 
tained   in    the    following 
interesting    advertisement 
from  The  Polynesian,  pub- 
?         lished    in    Honolulu    and 
dated  Saturday,  December 
11.  1847: 
"DENTISTRY 
B.  Stevens,  Surgeon  Dentist,  is 
now  in  Honolulu,  and  is  fully  prepared  to 
perform  any  operation   on   the  teeth   that 
may    be    required,    in    the    most    scientific 
manner. 

"He  zvill  insert  teeth  from  one  to  an 
entire  set,  either  on  Pivot  or  Gold  Plate,  as 
the  case  may  require.  Fill  teeth  zvith  gold 
or  tin  foil,  clean,  extract,  etc." 

His  successor  was  Dr.  John  Mott-Smith, 
who  arrived  in  1851,  and  immediately  took 
a  high  position,  both  professionally  and 
socially,  so  much  so  that  in  1808  he  was 
called  to  fill  a  position  in  the  cabinet  of 
King  Kamehameha  V. 

Dr.  Mott-Smith  was  followed  by  Dr. 
Richards,  who  remained  but  a  short  time. 

In  1869,  at  the  urgent  call  of  several 
residents,  Dr.  J.  M.  Whitney,  a  graduate  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  arrived, 
and  for  many  years  was  the  only  practic- 
ing dentist  upon  the  islands. 

With  the  increased  coming  of  white  resi- 
dents, the  number  of  dentists  rapidly  in- 
creased, until  now  there  are  probably  as 
many,  perhaps  more,  dentists  in  Honolulu 


than  in  a  mainland  place  of  an  equal  popu- 
lation. Included  in  those  practicing  this 
profession  are  Portuguese,  Chinese  and 
Japanese  dentists,  who  occupy  a  high  posi- 
tion in  the  esteem  of  their  own  people  and 
others. 

In  the  year  189G.  the  first  law  relating  to 
the  practice  of  dentistry  was  passed  by  the 
legislature  of  Hawaii.  The  act  provides 
that  no  person  shall  practice  dentistry  upon 
the  islands  without  a  certificate  from  the 
Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  this  board  to 
be  appointed  by  the  Minister  of  the  Interior. 
The  board  was  ordered  to  issue  certificates 
to  all  holders  of  diplomas  from  reputable 
colleges  of  dentistry.  All  others  must  pass 
examinations  within  sixty  days.  A  fine  of 
five  hundred  dollars  was  exacted  for  prac- 
ticing dentistry  without  a  license.  In  1903 
a  second  law  was  passed,  making  the 
requirements  more  stringent,  requiring  a 
diploma  from  some  college  of  dentistry  as 
a  condition  of  appearing  before  the  License 
Board.  The  license  may  be  cancelled  at  any 
time  upon  conviction  of  misconduct  or  fel- 
ony; using  assumed  degrees  is  made  a 
misdemeanor. 

The  Hawaiian  Dental  Society  was  or- 
ganized in  the  year  1903  and  has  held  yearly 
and  special  meetings  to  date.  Valuable 
papers  have  been  read  and  discussed,  and 
not  infrequently  distinguished  professional 
visitors  have  addressed  the  society  and 
given  clinics.  The  Dental  Society  nominates 
the  Dental  Board  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Governor. 


mK\^- 

; 

Know  then  thyself,  presume  not  God  to  scan ; 
The  proper  study  of  mankind  is  man. 

—Pope,  Essay  on  Man. 

V. 

51      ■"" 

-^ 

'^  "^^fcf 

-r--..r::ii^^^ 

Ue^-L 


1— The.  Royal  Caroline  Medico-Surgical  Institute  of  Stockholm.     2— Tokyo  Dental  CoUese. 
3— Italian  Stomatological  Institute,  Operating  Room. 


By  Dr.  M.  Chiwaki 


— iAPAN  had  for  a  consider- 
ably long  time  developed 
a  special  feature  of  her 
own  dental  practice,  until 
the  modern  dentistry  was 
introduced  some  forty 
years  ago,  and  today  we 
can  see  a  remarkable 
progress  in  dentistry 
ma3e  by^ung  odontologists  of  this  coun- 
try. 

It  should  be  naturally  advisable  that  if 
one  is  desirous  to  know  the  state  of  affairs 
in  dentistry  in  this  country,  one  ought  to 
be  accustomed  with  the  dental  law  at  first. 
The  Dental  Lazv  of  Japan.  The  dental 
law  of  Japan  (which  deals  with  every 
matter  of  dental  profession)  was  enacted 
on  the  39th  year  of  Meiji  (1906),  and 
every  dental  practitioner  has  had  to  be 
governed  by  this  law. 

The  dental  law  of  Japan  consists  of  thir- 
teen articles.  The  first  article  determines 
the  qualifications  of  the  candidate  for  the 
dental  practitioner,  which  writes  as  follows : 

(a)  That  he  has  graduated  from  a  den- 
tal school  designated  by  the  Minister  of 
Education. 

(b)  That  he  has  succeeded  in  passing 
the  examination  for  dental  practice. 

(c)  That  he  not  only  graduated  from  a 
foreign  dental  school  or  obtained  license 
for  dental  practice  in  a  foreign  country, 
but  that  he  is  recognized  as  a  proper  and 
duly  qualified  person  by  the  Minister  of 
Home  Affairs. 

The  eighth  article  of  the  law  provides 
that  dentists  may  establish  a  dentists'  asso- 
ciation. 

Examination  for  the  License  of  Dental 
Profession.  In  accordance  with  the  dental 
law,  the  regulations  of  the  examination  for 
the  license  of  dental  profession  were  is- 
sued on  the  second  year  of  Taisho  (1913). 
in  which  the  following  conditions  are  con- 
tained : 

The  applicant  for  the  examination  is  re- 
quired to  have  obtained  the  diploma  of  a 
dental  school  of  three-year  course,  after  he 
had  completed  the  whole  course  of  a  middle 
school.    The  subjects  for  examination  are: 


Anatomy  (histology  included),  physiology, 
pharmacology,  pathology  (bacteriology  in- 
cluded), oral  surgery,  dental  prosthetics 
and  operatives  (orthodontia  included),  pro- 
vided with  the  examination  in  practice. 
The  regulations  will  be,  however,  valid  on 
and  after  the  tenth  year  of  Taisho  (1921). 
and  for  the  time  being  the  regulations 
which  were  determined  on  the  eighteenth 
year  of  Meiji  (1886)  take  effect.  The 
current  regulation  is  more  beneficent  than 
the  newly  enacted  one,  as  it  grants  anyone 
who  has  studied  two  years  is  qualified  to  be 
the  applicant  for  examination  for  dental 
profession,  and  the  subjects  are  dental 
anatomy,  dental  physiology,  dental  phar- 
macology, oral  surgery,  dental  operatives, 
dental  prosthesis,  and  practical  trials. 

Dental  Schools.  There  are  two  kinds  of 
dental  schools  in  Japan ;  one  is  designated 
by  the  Minister  of  Education ;  its  gradu- 
ates are  entitled  to  license  for  dental 
practice  without  being  officially  examined 
as  to  their  personal  attainments.  There 
are  now  only  two  dental  colleges  of  this 
kind,  or  designated  dental  institutes.  One 
of  them  is  the  "Tokio  Shikwa  Tgaku  Sem- 
mon  Gakko"  (Tokio  Dental  College), 
which  was  established  some  twenty-five 
years  ago  by  Dr.  Kisai  Takayama.  and  Dr. 
Morinosuke  Chiwaki,  succeeding  the  prede- 
cessor, is  the  present  president.  The  stu- 
dents ought  to  be  acknowledged,  at  their 
entrance,  as  well-qualified  persons  by  pass- 
ing the  examinations  of  both  qualities  of 
culture  and  physical  structure.  The  diploma 
is  acquired  after  studying  the  preparatory 
course  of  six  months  and  principal  course 
of  three  vears.  The  other  college  is  the 
"Xihon  Shikwa  Igaku  Semmon  Gakko" 
(Japan  Dental  College),  the  president  of 
which  is  Dr.  Ichigoro  Xakahara. 

The  other  kind  of  dental  institutes,  or 
the  schools  which  are  not  recognized  by 
the  Minister  of  Education,  are  at  present 
nine  in  number.  They  give  the  necessary 
education  to  the  would-be  applicants  for 
the  preparation  for  the  official  examination. 

The  Graduates  at  ,'hnerican  Dental 
Schools.  Those  persons  who  studied  at 
least  three  years  and  graduated  at  a  dental 


J 


w 


-^3 


*' 


school  of  the  membership  of  N.  A.  of  D.  F. 
or  D.  F.  A.  of  A.  U.,  have  been  entitled  so 
far  to  be  dentists  without  examination,  and 
any  one  who  possesses  the  license  for  prac- 
tice dentistry  of  any  State  has  the  rigfht  to 
be  a  dentist. 

The  Number  of  Dentists.  At  present 
the  registered  dentists  in  Japan  are  2,404 
in  number,  and  it  is  observed  that,  in  com- 
parison with  the  population  of  this  coun- 
try, one  dentist  is  to  serve  for  a  large  peo- 
ple as  23,000  persons. 

Dentists'  Association.  In  every  prefec- 
ture there  is  a  dentists'  association,  if  there 
are  ten  dentists  or  more  are  dwelling,  in 
accordance  the  right  of  them  bestowed  on 
by  the  dental  law.  These  associations  are 
remarkably  active  and  energetic  for  protec- 
tion of  the  right  of  dental  practitioners  and 
for  maintenance  of  public  morality.  The 
improvement  of  public  health  and  every 
administration  for  that  purpose  has  been 
strenuously  enforced  through  the  country 
bv  these  associations. 

Associated  Dental  Society  of  Japan 
(Nihon  Rengo  Shikwa  Ikwai)  is  embodied 
for  the  purpose  of  combining  the  local  as- 
sociations alluded  above,  and  holds  annually 
the  general  meeting  of  the  representatives 
of  all  associations,  and  it  has  five  commit- 
tees for  the  management  of  the  society,  and 
Dr.  Seki-ichi  Enomoto  is  the  chairman  of 
the  committee. 

As  an  organism  for  scientific  investiga- 
tion,   the    "Nippon    Shikwa    Igaku    Kwai" 


(Japan  Odontological  Society)  is  enjoying 
its  long  existence,  most  dental  practitioners 
in  Japan  being  its  members.  The  monthly 
meeting  is  held  in  Tokyo,  and  once  a  year 
the  general  meeting  takes  place  in  the 
same  city.  Dr.  Morinosuke  Chiwaki  is  the 
president  of  the  society.  Besides  these 
associations  and  societies,  a  few  small 
bodies  hold  their  gatherings  frequently,  of 
which  some  endeavor  themselves  to  scientific 
research,  and  some  others  discuss  solely 
social  problems  in  close  interests  of  den- 
tistry. 

Dental  Periodicals.  In  connection  with 
dental  science,  seven  journals  are  monthly 
issued  now  in  Japan,  and  besides  there 
are  published  a  few  periodicals,  but  their 
issue  is  not  regular. 

The  Relation  of  the  Medical  Practitioner 
to  the  Dentist.  The  distinction  between 
physicians  and  dentists  is  very  obscure  in 
regard  to  professional  practice.  How  far 
the  medical  practitioners  are  entitled  to 
practice  dentistry  is  the  critical  item  of 
legal  controversy.  Discussions  were  ve- 
hemently made  recently  in  the  Imperial 
Diet.  The  medical  school  in  Japan  does 
not  give  any  education  in  dentistry.  The 
Medical  Department  of  the  Imperial  Uni- 
versity has  had  the  chair  of  dental  science 
for  not  a  short  time,  but  it  remained  long  as 
an  optical  course  for  students.  Last  year 
the  course  became  obligatory,  and  twenty 
hours  are  allotted  to  the  dental  education. 
The  professor  of  the  chair  is  Dr.  Hisashi 
Ishihara. 


My  curse  upon  thy  venom'd  stang. 
That  shoots  my  tortured  gums  alang; 
And  through  my  lugs  gies  monie  a  twang, 

Wi'  gnawing  vengeance. 
Tearing  my  nerves  wi'  bitter  pang. 

Like  racking  engines ! 

—Burns,  Address  to  the  Toothache. 


^'  —n^ 


Netherlands 


By  Dr.  M.  De  Boer 


E  Dental  Institute  of 
Utrecht,  the  only  one  in 
this  country,  is  a  depart- 
ment of  the  State  Univer- 
sity and  has  developed 
from  a  three-room  house 
(1865)  to  the  building 
shown  in  the  picture, 
^'  which  dates  from  1910 

and  has,  nearly  from  its  foundation,  proven 
to  be  too  small  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  present  number  of  students. 

The  first  lecturer,  nominated  by  the 
Government  in  1877,  had  to  teach  medical 
students  the  diagnosis  of  dental  and  oral 
diseases  and  the  medical  treatment.  For 
this  purpose  those  students  could  attend 
a  clinic  three  times  a  week.  To  under- 
stand this  teaching,  one  lecture  on  special 
anatomy,  physiology  and  pathology  was 
given. 

A  few  young  men,  who  took  up  den- 
tistry as  their  future  profession,  soon  made 
their  appearance  in  these  places,  and  a  spe- 
cial lecture  was  held  for  them  on  funda- 
mental dental  treatment.  By  and  by  they 
increased  in  number  and  medical  students 
stayed  away,  as  this  special  knowledge  was 
not  required  in  their  medical  examinations. 
The  lecturer  wanted  an  assistant  and 
the  building  became  too  small.  A  new 
house  was  taken  in  1895,  providing  more 
air  and  light,  but  nothing  with  which  to 
teach  practical  dentistry.  There  was  not 
even  a  curriculum  announced.  Conditions 
seemed  to  continue  as  they  were  before. 
Students,  then  about  twenty-five  in  number, 
were  kept  busy  only  four  hours  a  week, 
and  as  this  resulted  in  insufficient  prepara- 
tion for  the  final  examinations,  they  made 
a  present  of  modest  furniture  for  the  tech- 
nical department,  to  the  institute  and  sent 
a  request  to  the  Government,  asking  for 
practical  teaching.  A  favorable  answer 
came,  another  assistant  was  appointed,  and 
an  installation  made  for  the  operative  room. 
Years  passed  and  everything  changed;  the 
number  of  students  was  increasing  and  the 


Government  became  convinced  that  some- 
thing more  ought  to  be  done.  A  private 
residence,  an  old-style  house,  was  rebuilt 
and  enlarged,  and  opened  in  1910.  A  staff 
of  five  lecturers  and  a  dozen  assistants, 
however,  at  this  time  does  not  yet  seem 
adequate  to  give  all  the  teaching  necessary 
for  about  200  dental  students  in  a  four 
years'  course.  Plans  for  building  exten- 
sion and  a  call  for  more  assistance  in  the 
work,  are  being  put  before  the  Govern- 
ment, and  in  the  interest  of  all  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  teacher  and  student  may  soon 
be  contented. 

Up  to  1893^  the  law  did  not  require  any 
preliminary  study  for  those  who  intended 
to  take  up  dentistry ;  they  had  only  to  pass 
two  examinations,  a  theoretical  and  a  prac- 
tical one,  and  it  did  not  matter  whence  the 
knowledge  came  nor  how  long  the  prac- 
tical experience. 

A  committee  of  medical  professors  of 
any  of  the  State  universities  constituted  a 
board  for  the  theoretical  examination ;  for 
the  practical  examination  the  student  ap- 
peared before  a  committee  consisting  of  the 
lecturer  and  two  private  dentists,  who  pre- 
sented a  report  of  their  examination  to  the 
board  of  examiners  for  physicians.  Since 
the  year  mentioned  above,  entrance  to  den- 
tal courses  is  allowed  only  to  those  who  are 
also  admitted  to  f.  i.  medical  courses.  Lec- 
tures on  general  branches  can  be  attended 
in  the  medical  department,  whilst  special 
and  purely  dental  teaching  is  the  business 
of  the  dental  lecturers.  At  the  present 
time  both  examinations  take  place  in 
Utrecht  only. 

The  first  dental  society  dates  from  1881 
(membership  from  now  on  only  by  invi- 
tation) ;  another  one  has  existed  since  1904, 
and  last  year  a  national  society  with  dis- 
trict departments  of  a  more  social  character 
was  founded.  In  addition,  some  local  soci- 
eties are  in  existence. 

One  dental  periodical  is  published 
monthly. 


u-^--, 


Dentistry  in  New  Zealand 


By  Dr.  H.  P.  Pickerill 


r 


EGAL    Restrictions.      Ad- 
mission to  the  practice  of 
dentistry  in  New  Zealand 
is  governed  by  "The  Den- 
tists' Act  of  1904."    This 
act  provides  that  to  be  en- 
titled to  be  registered  as 
a  dentist,  one  must  be  the 
holder  of  a  degree  in  den- 
tal  surgery   from   the   University   of   New 
Zealand,  or  the  holder  of  a  certificate  of 
proficiency  in   dental   surgery  or   dentistry 
issued  by  the  Senate  of  New  Zealand  Uni- 
versity, or  the  holder  of  a  British  or  for- 
eign  diploma,   or   he   must    have   been    an 
apprentice  or  a  practicing  dentist  prior  to 
the  passage  of  the  act. 

Registration.  Every  dental  student,  be- 
fore entering  upon  his  course,  either  for 
the  degree  or  for  the  certificate,  must  be 
registered  as  a  student  by  the  registrar  of 
the  New  Zealand  University.  No  student 
can  be  registered  unless  he  either  has 
passed  the  preliminary  dental  examination 
of  the  New  Zealand  University,  or  is  a 
graduate  of  a  university  in  arts  or  science, 
and  has  commenced  the  study  of  dentistry. 


either  with  a  private  practitioner  or  at  one 
of  the  affiliated  colleges. 

Dental  students  may  now  obtain,  at  the 
Dental  School  of  the  University  of  New 
Zealand,  all  the  teaching  and  training  re- 
quired by  the  Senate  of  the  University  for 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Dental  Surgery, 
and  for  the  certificate  of  proficiency  in 
dental  surgery. 

Charitable  Work.  Attached  to  all  the 
chief  hospitals  in  the  Dominion  are  public 
dental  departments  with  stipendary  dentists 
in  charge,  assisted  by  honorary  staflfs, 
where  a  large  amount  of  dental  treatment 
is  undertaken  for  patients  who  cannot  af- 
ford  the  ordinary   practitioners'    fees. 

New  Zealand  Dental  Association.  This 
is  a  "national"  association  with  twelve 
branches  thoroughly  organized  throughout 
the  country. 

The  association  fosters  professional 
meetings,  scientific  research,  undertakes 
prosecutions  of  unregistered  practitioners, 
insures  its  members  against  action  for  dam- 
ages, and  publishes  the  New  Zealand  Den- 
tal Journal.  An  annual  conference  is  held 
in  Wellington. 


I  -v^S 


Lick  Pioneer  Monument,  San  Francisco 
56 


_r '^^^^iljiSii 


Dentistry  in  Peru 


By  Dr.  P.  R.  Salazar 


1 


S  regards  the  profession 
of  surgeon  dentist  and  its 
progress  in  Peru,  I  can 
comply  with  your  request, 
and  do  so,  at  the  same 
time,  with  exactitude,  by 
taking  excerpts  from  a 
work,  which  is  still  uned- 
i  t  e  d  ,  by  Dr.  Humberto 
Fernandez  Davila,  and  the  prologue  to 
which  has  been  written  by  Dr.  Christian 
Dam,  dean  of  the  dentists  in  Peru.  This 
work  has  not  been  as  yet  published,  because 
the  author  has  been  absent  in  Pennsylvania, 
U.  S.  A. 

"Odontology  in  Peru  has  been  over- 
looked by  everybody  and  only  on  very  rare 
occasions  has  it  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  authorities  charged  with  the  adminis- 
tration of  public  education  in  the  Repub- 
lic." 

"No  serious  thought  has  ever  been  taken 
with  a  view  to  teaching  that  branch  of 
surgery,  nor  has  the  most  insignificant 
sum  of  money  ever  been  appropriated  to 
this   important   study." 

"Our  general  regulations  of  education 
assigned  a  place  in  the  curriculum  of  pro- 
fessional studies  to  this  science,  and  placed 
the  teaching  of  the  theory  under  the  charge 
of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine,  leaving  the 
practical  instruction  entirely  in  the  hands 
of  the  practicing  dentists." 

Some  of  the  details  presented  by  Dr.  H. 
Fernandez  Davila  in  the  work  above  quoted 
are  rather  curious,  and  speaking  of  the 
history  of  dentistry  in  Peru,  he  says  as 
follows:  "Amongst  the  ancient  Peruvians, 
the  art  of  curing  the  diseases  of  the  mouth 
and  teeth  was  carried  on  by  means  of  herbs 
and  medicinal  plants."  And  Garcilaso  de 
la  Vega,  in  his  "Comentarios  Reales,"  Vol. 
II,  Chapter  20,  in  speaking  of  the  methods 
employed  for  curing  the  gums  by  the  In- 
dians, gives  the  following  description  of 
the  way  they  utilize  a  special  root : 

"The  Indians  also  employed  the  Taca- 
hamaca,  a  rosin  which  they  used  to  place 
in  the  hollow  of  a  tooth,  or  the  Palo  Santo 
(Holy  Wood)  either  in  syrup  or  infusion, 
as  a  mouth  wash.  Tobacco  was  employed 
in  the  form  of  a  pellet  and  made  out  of 


the  leaf  of  the  plant  and  introduced  into 
the  hollow  of  the  tooth,  thus  relieving  the 
pain.  They  also  utilized  Saxifrage  and 
Cardo  Santo  for  the  same  purpose." 

"Another  remedy  employed  by  them  to 
relieve  toothache  was  the  juice  of  the 
LechuguiUa  silvcstre,  which  is  very  bitter." 

The  present  organization  of  the  profes- 
sion of  dental  surgery  in  Peru  dates  from 
the  year  1856,  when  reforms  were  intro- 
duced in  the  teaching  and  practice  of  medi- 
cine, and,  as  Dr.  H.  Fernandez  Davila  very 
truly  says:  "It  does  not  really  respond  to 
the  present  requirements  of  the  profession 
as  regards  scientific  knowledge  and  prac- 
tice. The  progress  made  in  dental  science 
and  the  experience  of  over  half  a  century, 
as  well  as  the  public  necessities  which  have 
varied  since  that  date,  demand  a  radical 
reform  in  this  important  branch  of  medi- 
cine." 

In  the  year  1856,  the  practice  of  odon- 
tology was  unknown  to  the  natives  of  the 
country  and  only  three  foreigners  were  rec- 
ognized as  dentists:  Doctors  C.  Petit,  E. 
Proby  and  M.  Dupuch. 

"There  was  no  teaching  on  the  subject 
nor  was  a  dental  curriculum  established  in 
any  way  whatever,  and  only  the  foreign 
dentists  underwent  a  superficial  examina- 
tion in  order  to  revalidate  their  diplomas 
and  obtain  authority  to  practice  their  pro- 
fession in  Peru,  whilst  others  even  omit- 
ted this  official  formula  and  freely  opened 
their  offices  to  the  public."  (Dr.H.  Fer- 
nandez Davila,  D.  D.  S.) 

It  was  not  until  the  year  1870  that  pupils 
matriculated  for  the  study  of  dentistry  in 
the  School  of  Medicine,  and  these  were 
two,  Don  Julio  Pebaque,  a  native  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,  and  Don  Aurelio 
Marquez,  a  native  of  Lima,  Peru. 

In  1872,  acting  under  authority  of  Con- 
gress, the  then  President  of  the  Republic, 
Don  Manuel  Pardo,  issued  a  new  set  of 
regulations  on  public  education,  which  are 
still  in  force.  Under  Art.  279,  these  regu- 
lations specified  a  term  of  only  two  years 
for  the  study  of  dentistry,  but  this  article 
was  subsequently  amended  by  increasing 
the  time  to  three  years. 


Strictly  speaking,  we  have  no  dental 
school  in  Peru  with  professional  dentists 
as  professors,  but  simply  dental  students 
who  have  matriculated  in  the  School  of 
Medicine,  and  who,  in  order  to  study  the 
practice  of  that  profession,  have  to  do  so 
in  the  offices  already  established  by  surgeon 
dentists  who  have  received  their  diplomas 
from  the  faculty.     These  students  have  to 


present  a  certificate  every  year  to  the  fac- 
ulty, issued  by  the  dentist  with  whom  they 
study,  in  order  to  be  examined. 

In  order  to  correct  this  anomaly,  a  bill 
has  been  presented  in  the  National  Con- 
gress by  the  dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Medi- 
cine, which  will  provide  for  the  foundation 
of  a  school  of  dental  practice  with  a  staff 
of  competent  professors. 


,^ 


Png 


p\ 


1— Santa  Catalina  Palace.  Residence  of  the  Governor  of  Porto  Rico  since  1822.  Built  in  1538  as 
a  castle ;  transformed  into  a  Government  house  in  1639  ;  reconstructed  in  1846.  2— College  of  Medicine 
and  Surgery  in  which  the  Philippine  Dental  College  is  provisionally  quartered. 


The  Philippine  Islands 

By  Dr.  Louis  Ottoky 


N  the  far-away  Philippines 
satisfactory  progress  is 
being  made.  This  year 
especially  is  an  important 
epoch  in  the  history  of 
dentistry  in  the  Archipel- 

J   ago. 

'■"'^'^'^^^^■^ —  "^  ^  Last    February    a    new 

dental  law  was  enacted, 
repealing  bad  features  of  the  old ;  adding 
at  least  one,  entirely  original  in  dental 
legislation,  which  it  would  be  well  for  our 
States  to  copy.  In  the  old  law  there  was 
a  provision  under  which  a  local  institution 
granted  titles  of  "Minor  Surgeon"  to  stu- 
dents who  attended  a  course  "of  not  less 
than  two  years,  and  studied  dentistry  for 
four  months."  While  this  clause  was  en- 
acted twelve  years  ago  with  good  inten- 
tion, one  can  see  at  a  glance  that  it  is  per- 
nicious. These  inexperienced  men  were 
"limited  to  practice  in  remote  towns  where 
there  is  no  regularly  qualified  dentist  avail- 
able." There  being  only  five  such  towns 
in  the  islands,  these  men  engaged  in  prac- 
tice practically  everywhere.  More  than 
one  hundred  of  this  class  were  turned  out 
during  the  last  eleven  years.  This  clause 
has  been  repealed ;  hereafter  no  one  can 
enter  practice  unless  he  possesses  a  diploma 
from  a  dental  school  and  in  addition  passes 
an  examination  before  the  Board.  The 
Board  has  also  been  given  power  to  define 
the  reputability  of  dental  colleges  in  order 
to  be  recognized  by  it. 

The  new  feature  of  the  law  is  contained 
in  the  section  which  relates  to  the  revoca- 
tion of  licenses.  It  gives  authority  to  the 
Board  to  revoke  licenses  for  the  usual 
causes,  and  in  addition  for  the  "-wilful 
destruction  or  mutilation  of  a  natural  tootli 
of  a  person  zcith  the  deliberate  purpose  of 
substituting  the  satne  by  an  unnecessary  or 
unessential  artificial  tooth."  With  that 
power  conferred  on  the  Board,  it  is  hoped 
to  eradicate  this  reprehensible  practice, 
unfortunately  introduced  since  American 
occupation ;    that    is,    the    destruction    of 


"^^V 


sound  teeth  for  no  other  purpose  than  the 
placing  of  gold  crowns. 

Last  February,  also,  a  dental  school  was 
established  by  the  University  of  the  Phil- 
ippines —  an  institution  rapidly  taking  a 
prominent  place  as  a  seat  of  learning.  The 
standard  of  education  is  of  the  highest. 
Requirement  for  admission  is  a  high  school 
diploma.  The  course  of  instruction  covers 
four  years.  The  first  course  commenced 
last  June,  simultaneously  with  the  academic 
year  of  the  university.  The  medical  school, 
with  which  the  dental  school  is  connected, 
is  as  thoroughly  equipped  a  medical  col- 
lege as  may  be  found  anywhere.  One  of 
our  illustrations  depicts  this  fine  building, 
while  another  indicates  that  our  confreres 
in  the  islands  seem  to  be  carrying  the 
white  man's  burden  quite  well. 

By  an  act  of  the  legislature  there  was 
also  created  a  "Dental  Plygiene  Commis- 
sion." which  is  authorized  by  law  to  receive 
public  subscription  to  an  amount  not  to 
exceed  $2,000.  and  with  this  money  to  open 
free  dental  clinics  in  the  public  schools. 
This  money  is  being  collected,  and  the  clinic 
has  been  installed  in  the  public  schools.  It 
is  only  the  beginning  of  a  great  work, 
thus  making  1915  the  banner  dental  year 
in  Philippine  history.  There  are  a  number 
of  dental  clinics  in  Manila,  which  are  do- 
ing much  good.  The  p-edcral  prison  is 
provided  with  a  dental  office  for  prisoners ; 
several  hospitals  have  dental  clinics  con- 
nected with  their  infirmaries.  More  than 
16,000  poor  people  have  been  treated  in 
these  clinics  during  the  past  eleven  years ; 
over  42,000  operations  were  performed  in 
these  clinics. 

The  Bureau  of  Health  has  purchased  and 
installed  in  its  "Health  Railroad  Car"  the 
lecture  on  "Mouth  Hygiene."  illustrated 
with  thirty-six  lantern  slides,  prepared  by 
our  National  Mouth  Hygiene  Association. 

From  these  progressive  activities  we  can 
realize  that  the  members  of  our  profession 
are  doing  nobly  the  uplift  work  for  hu- 
manity in  our  most  distant  possessions. 


f 


3ity  Hall,  San  Juan,  P.  R.    2 — Normal  School  Building,  University  of  Porto  Rico,  Rio  Piedras, 
fe,       P.  R.    3— U.  S.  Federal  Building,  San  Juan,  P.  R.    4— Memorial  Hall,  University  of  Porto  Rico,  Rio 
Piedras,  P.  R. 


if 


W^^'^^W. 


Dental  Association  in  Porto  Rico 


By  Dr.  Manuel  V.  del  Valle 


ORTO  RICO  is  the  most 
westerly  of  the  smaller 
Antilles.  It  is  situated  in 
the  tropics  between  17° 
50'  and  18°  30'  north  lati- 
tude and  65°  30'  and  G7° 
15'  west  longitude,  Green- 
wich meridian.  Its  posi- 
tion on  the  map  is  east  of 
Santo  Domingo.  The  island  is  almost  rec- 
tangular in  shape,  measuring  about  100 
miles  in  length  and  36  in  width.  By  com- 
parison, it  is  about  three-fourths  the  size 
of  Connecticut.  It  is  traversed  by  a  chain 
of  mountains,  the  highest  being  3,609  feet 
above  sea  level.  The  temperature  varies 
according  to  the  locality.  On  the  coast  it 
ranges  between  78°  and  82°  Fahrenheit, 
and  in  the  mountains  from  57°  to  75°. 

The  island  was  discovered  by  Christo- 
pher Columbus  on  his  second  voyage,  No- 
vember 16,  1493.  It  is  at  present  divided 
into  seven  districts.  San  Juan  is  the  cap- 
ital of  the  island  and  was  founded  by  Juan 
Ponce  de  Leon  in  1511.  It  boasts,  there- 
fore, of  being  the  oldest  city  in  the  United 
States. 

Porto  Rico  was  under  the  Spanish  rule 
until  October  18.  1898,  when  its  sover- 
eignty was  transferred  to  the  United  States 
by  reason  of  the  Spanish-American  War. 

The  dental  profession  in  Porto  Rico 
during  the  Spanish  domination  followed 
the  same  fate  as  that  in  the  mother  country 
— it  was  not  regulated  at  all,  and  the  pull- 
ing of  an  offending  tooth  was  entrusted  to 
the  barbers.  Not  until  1875  was  there  any 
legislation  in  favor  of  the  dental  profes- 
sion. At  that  time  the  realm  published  a 
decree  prohibiting  the  practice  of  the  pro- 
fession except  by  those  that  had  received 
certain  instruction  at  the  university.  But 
the  requirements  were  slight  and  the  vio- 
lation of  this  decree  was  not  looked  upon 
as  a  great  offense. 


Upon  the  United  States  assuming  con- 
trol of  the  affairs  of  the  island,  the  mili- 
tary department  detailed  a  medical  officer 
to  examine  the  licenses  already  granted 
and  ordered  the  renewal  thereof,  but  as 
there  was  found  a  number  of  practitioners 
who  were  doing  dental  work  by  tolerance, 
those  also  were  given  a  license  to  practice. 

Afterwards  the  island  was  given,  by  act 
of  Congress,  a  civil  government,  and  the 
Insular  Legislature  passed  an  act  organiz- 
ing a  Board  of  Dental  Examiners,  which 
act  became  law  March  9,  1905.  Since  that 
time  all  candidates  seeking  permission  to 
practice  dentistry  in  the  Island  of  Porto 
Rico  are  required  to  pass  an  examination 
and  must  present  to  the  Board  a  diploma 
from  a  recognized  school  or  college.  No 
other  preliminary  education   is  required. 

There  is  an  effort  now  being  made  to 
modify  the  law,  as  there  is  great  difficulty 
in  suppressing  intruders  who  from  previous 
tolerance  consider  that  it  is  no  crime  to 
invade  a  profession  for  which  they  have 
received  no  training. 

The  island  now  has  a  dental  association 
to  which  the  majority  of  the  ethical  prac- 
titioners belong  and  which  is  incorporated 
with  the  National  Dental  Association  of 
the  United  States.  To  the  efforts  of  the 
Porto  Rico  Dental  Association  the  profes- 
sion will  be  indebted  for  any  modification 
of  the  present  law,  which  will  provide, 
among  other  requirements,  a  certain  stand- 
ard of   preliminary  education. 

There  are  as  yet  no  institutions  devoted 
to  the  teaching  of  dentistry.  The  Univer- 
sity of  Porto  Rico  is  now  in  the  formative 
period  of  organization,  and  so  far  has 
established  only  the  departments  of  phar- 
macy and  law,  besides  the  normal  school 
course.  It  is  the  intention  in  the  near 
future  to  establish  a  department  of  den- 
tistry. 


-m 


Dentistry  in  Sweden 

By  Dr.  Elof  Forberg  and  Dr.  Iwan  L.^mby 


E  X  T  A  L    instruction    in 
Sweden  is  under  supervi- 
sion   of    the    Government 
and    covers    a    period    of 
three    years.       Having 
passed   the   last  examina- 
tion, the  dentist  gets  his 
Hcense   for  practice  with- 
out any  further  examina- 
tion.    In  order  to  be  entitled  to  enter  the 
university    for   studying   dentistry,   he   has 
to  have  the  same  preliminary  examinations 
as  for  studying  medicine,  viz.,  twelve  years' 
continuous   study,  beginning  as   a   rule   at 
six  years  of  age,  leading  to  matriculation 
examination.      The    dental    curriculum    is 
divided    into    two    parts,    viz.,    one    year's 
general  medical  study  and  two  years'  spe- 
cial dental  study.    The  first  year's  course  is 
taken  at  the  Royal  Caroline  Medico-Surgical 
Institute    (Kungliga    Karohnska    Medico- 
Kirurgiska  Institutet)  and  is  finished  with 
an  examination.     The  same  professors  are 
instructors  in  the  different  subjects  for  the 
dental  students  as  for  the  medical  students. 
The    subjects    are:     Anatomy,     Histology 
with  Embryology,  Pathology  with  Bacteri- 
ology.   Inorganic    and    Organic    Chemistry 
with  Metallurgy,  Pharmacy,  Physiology. 

The  special  dental  instruction  is  given 
in  a  special  building,  the  Dental  Institute 
(Tandlakare  Institutet),  in  the  center  of 
the  city.  The  subjects  in  the  special  two 
years'  course  are  General  Surgery,  Oral 
Surgery  with  diagnoses  and  treatments  of 
all  kinds  of  dental  and  oral  diseases,  Op- 
erative Dentistry,  Prosthetic  Dentistry  and 
Orthodontia.  The  different  parts  of  the 
practical  study  are  divided  in  such  way 
that  every  second  day  half  of  the  students 
have  two  hours  of  Oral  Surgery  and  diag- 
noses  and   five  hours   of   Operative   Den- 


tistry; the  other  half.  Prosthetic  Dentistry 
and  Orthodontia. 

There  are  only  thirty  new  students  ad- 
mitted every  year.  Lady  students  are  also 
admitted.  There  generally  are  over  one 
hundred  applicants.  Those  who  have  the 
highest  grades  in  the  matriculation  exami- 
nation are  admitted. 

The  national  societies  in  Sweden  are 
two.  They  are  organized  in  such  a  way 
that  one,  the  Swedish  Dental  Association 
(Svenska  Tandliikare-Sallskapet),  has  to 
promote  the  odontological  science  and  its 
practical  application;  the  other,  the  Dental 
Federation  of  Sweden  (Sveriges  Tandla- 
kare-Forbund),  has  to  promote  the  den- 
tists' social  and  economical  interests.  Both 
societies  have  their  seats  at  the  capital. 
Stockholm,  but  have  members  in  the  whole 
of  Sweden,  and,  in  fact,  nearly  all  Swedish 
dentists  are  members.  The  Swedish  Dental 
Association  has  meetings  bi-monthly.  The 
Dental  Federation  of  Sweden,  which  is 
subdivided  into  local  societies,  has  only 
one  general  meeting  every  year.  Both 
publish  periodicals  with  four  numbers 
yearly.  Swedish  Dental  Journal  (Svensk 
Tandlakare-Tidskrift)  is  the  official  organ 
of  the  Swedish  Dental  Association  and 
contains  scientific  and  practical  contribu- 
tions. The  Journal  of  the  Dental  Federa- 
tion of  Sweden  (Sveriges  Tandlakare-For- 
bunds  Tidning)  is  the  official  organ  of  the 
Federation  and  contains  social  and  eco- 
nomic contributions.  The  Swedish  Dental 
Association  has  a  large  library  and  a  his- 
torical museum  in  its  own  building;  it  also 
has  some  endowments  which  provide  for 
assisting  in  scientific  work  and  one  for  the 
widows  and  orphans  of  deceased  Swedish 
dentists. 


Courtesy  of  Sunset  Magazit 


n  the  Wasatch  range.    It's  but  two  hours,  via  the  gasoline  route,  from  the  shores  of  the  Salt  Lake  1 
:ial  lakes  of  the  mountains,  snow-rimmed  in  August.    To  these  uplifted  lakes  the  pioneers  trekked 
in  ox-wagona  for  their  summer  outings.     Their  descendants  f!y  to  the  cool  crest 


IE  Dental  School  of  Sal- 
vador was  organized  and 
founded  in  December. 
189!),  and  annexed  to  the 
Medical  Department  of 
the  National  I'niversity. 

At  the  time,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Republic  was 
General  Tomas  Regalado, 
and  the  rector  of  the  university.  Doctor 
Ricardo  Moreira. 

The  first  director  of  the  Dental  School 
was  Manuel  U.  Urreta,  D.  D.  S.  The  suc- 
cessive directors  have  been  Doctors  Oscar  F. 
Prey.  Alejandro  Cromeyer  and  Enrique 
Gonzalez,  S.,  who  up  to  the  present  time  is 
at  the  head  of  the  school. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  first  session, 
there  were  forty-one  matriculates,  of  which 
number  fifteen  obtained  diplomas,  and  since 
then  an  average  of  five  students  have  been 


graduated  annually,  most  of  whom  are 
practicing  the  profession  in  dififerent  parts 
of  Salvador  or  Central  America. 

The  course  for  the  degree  is  three  years. 

The  lecture  hall  and  infirmary  are  situ- 
ated in  the  medical  school  building,  which 
has  but  recently  been  completed  and  the 
cornerstone  of  which  was  laid  during  the 
presidency  of  Doctor  Manuel  E.  Aran  jo 
two  years  ago. 

The  school  is  not  self-supporting,  as  stu- 
dents are  not  charged  an  annual  tuition 
fee,  being  required  to  pay  only  a  matricu- 
lation fee  and  final  examination  and  di- 
ploma fees. 

The  teaching  corps  is  paid  by  the  Gov- 
ernment and  equipments  have  been  ac- 
quired by  charging  a  small  percentage 
above  cost  for  all  materials  used  in  the 
clinical  work  of  students. 


HI 

J.-^-:.J^^ 

Music  Stand  in  the  Golden  Gate  Park 


1 — Dental  Office,  Camp  Tacoma.  Washington.  Xorthwest  Maneuvers,  August,  1906,  U.  S.  A 
2— Field  Transportation  of  Dental  Outfit,  U.  S.  A.  Ft.  Sam  Houston,  Te.xas.  Photographs  courtesy 
of  Drs.  Carpenter  and  Fairbanks. 


'^m_ 


m 


Nicasio  Etchepareborda,  Buenos  Aires, 
Chairman ;  Rodolfo  Erausquin,  Antonio 
J.  Guardo,  Diego  Rogers,  Juan  B.  Pa- 
trone,  Cirio  Durante. 

AUSTRALIA 
New  South  Wales 

Alfred  Burne,  Sydney,  Chairman ;  E.  R. 
Magnus,  Donald  Smith,  H.  R.  Green- 
well,  Percy  A.  Ash. 

Victoria 

W.  L.  Aitken,  Melbourne,  Chairman ;  T. 
F.  W.  Hall,  H.  H.  Ham,  W.  J.  Tuck- 
field,  E.  F.  Greenwood. 

Queensland 
E.   T.   White,   Brisbane,   Chairman ;   E.   F. 
Hughes,    C.    W.    Hurworth,    H.    S.    F. 
Moran,  P.  M.  Coughlin. 


AUSTRIA 

Rudolph  Weiser,  Vienna,  Chairman ;  Franz 
Zeliska,  Leo  Fleischmann,  Albin  Oppen- 
heim,  Hans  Pichler. 


A.  W.  Thornton,  Montreal,  Quebec,  Chair- 
man ;  A.   E.  Webster,  Fred  Mallory,  L. 

E.  Stanley,  J.  H.  Irvin. 

Alberta  and  Saskatchewan 
W.     D.     Cowan,     Regina,     Saskatchewan, 
Chairman ;  L.  J.  D.  Fasken,  E.  L.  Cam- 
eron, E.  M.  Doyle,  J.  W.  Clay. 

New  Brunswick 
James  M.  Magee,  St.  John,  Chairman;  F. 
W.  Barbour,  L.   Somers,  J.  W.   Moore, 

F.  A.  Godsoe. 

Quebec 
Eudore    Dubeau,    Montreal,    Chairman;   J. 
Nolin,  J.  S.  Ibbotson,  D.  J.  Berwick,  A. 
A.   Lantier. 

British  Columbia 
H.  T.  Minogue,  Vancouver,  Chairman;  F. 
P.    Smith,    E.    H.    Griffiths,    J.    Milton 
Jones,  W.  B.  Steed. 

CHILE 

Alexander  Manhood,  Santiago,  Chairman; 
Jerman  Valenzuela,  Arthur  Sierra,  Peter 
Diaz,  Louis  Raveau. 


BELGIUM 


COLOMBIA 


Edm.    Rosenthal,    Brussels,    Chairman;    G.      Sebastian  Carrasquilla,  Bogota,  Chairman; 
Fay,    O.    Cerf,    Mr.    Quarterman,    Mr.  Numael  Vasquez,  Alejandro  A.  Salcedo, 

Jeachim.  Rafael  Tamayo,  Julio  Moncada. 


BRAZIL 

Frederico  Eyer,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Chairman; 
P.  M.  Paula  Romas,  Severino  da  Silva, 
Gustavo  Pires,  Cirue  Lima. 

.  ■    ■  CANADA 

Prince  Edward  Island 
C.   H.  Beer,  Charlottetown,  Chairman ;   F. 
E.   Smallwood,  J.   H.  Ayers,  J.  A.   Mc- 
Murdo,  A.  H.  Smallwood. 

Manitoba 
Manly  Bowles,   Winnipeg,   Chairrnan;  M. 
H.  Garvin,  J.  H.  Greenfield,  G.  F.  Bush, 
K.  C.  Campbell. 


CUBA 

Andres  G.  Weber,  Havana',  Chairman ;  Bias 
M.  Rocafort,  Marcelino  A.  Weiss,  Man- 
uel Diaz,  Leandro  J.  Canlzares. 

DENMARK 

Carl  Christensen,  Copenhagen,  Chairman; 
V.  Andresen,  Chr.  Hoist,  H.  Hallander, 
H.  Styrup. 

ENGLAND 

W  B.  Patterson,  London,  W.,  Chairman; 
J  Howard  Mummery,  William  Guy, 
George  G.  Campion,  Walter  Harrison. 


I 


r;\W" 


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'PM 


Foreign  Committees 


FINLAND 


NEW    ZEALAND 


Theo.  Weber,  Helsing-fors,  Chairman;  S. 
C.  Bensow.  P.  Gadd.  G.  Siven,  S.  V. 
Tigerstedt. 

FRANCE 

Charles  Godon,  Paris,  Chairman ;  Dr.  Pont, 
M.  Roy,  Dr.  Blatter,  G.  Villain. 


H.  P.  Pickerill,  Dunedin,  Chairman  ;  Messrs. 
Hunter,  Throp,  Dodgshun  and  Barron. 

PERU 

S.  R.  Salazar,  Lima,  Chairman;  Christian 
Dam,  Herman  de  Castro,  D.  S.  de  Cas- 
tro, Ernesto  Febres  Odriozola. 


GUATEMALA 

Eduardo  Caceres,  Guatemala,  C.  A.  Chair- 
man;  Rafael  Robles,  J.  M.  Hamilton,  J. 
L.  Asensio,  F.  S.  Johnston. 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 

Louis  Ottofy,  Manila,  Chairman;  A.  P. 
Preston,  L.  C.  O'Donnell,  T.  P.  Merchant, 
G.  R.  Mateo. 


HAWAII 


PORTO  RICO 


J.  M.  Whitney,  Honolulu,  Chairman ;  P.  F.      -^I^'^"^!  V.  del  ValleFortaleza,  Chairman 
Frear,   M.    E.    Grossman,   A.   J.   Derby,         {"  ^^  C^'f'^uc,  L.  R.  Noa,  J.  B.  Ramirez, 


O.  E.  Wall. 


A.  S.  Sifre. 


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^^ 


HOLLAND 

M.  de  Boer,  Amsterdam,  Chairman;  A.  L. 
J.  C.  van  Hasselt,  P.  J.  J.  Coebergh,  G. 
^  W.  van  der  Linde,  M.  J.  F.  Schutte. 

IRELAND 

A.  W.  W.  Baker.  Dublin.  Chairman; 
George  M.  P.  Murray,  G.  Sheppard, 
G.  W.  Yeates,  K.  E.  O'Duffy. 


SAN    SALVADOR,   CENTRAL 
AMERICA 

J.  Schneider,  Chairman;  Juan  F.  Orozco, 
D.  Norris  Richardson,  J.  G.  Saravia,  En- 
rique Gonzalez. 

SOUTH  AFRICA 

William  D.  Quinn,  Johannesburg,  Trans- 
vaal, Chairman ;  W.  Trembuth,  G.  Friel, 
Rupert  Quinn,  B.  Goldstein. 


ITALY 


SWEDEN 


Vincenzo  Guerini,  Naples,  Chairman ;  Ar-      Elof    Forberg,   Villa    Forberg,    Djursholm, 
rigo  Piperno,  Francesco  Bergamini,  Gio-  Chairman ;    Stan    Hager,   Twan    Lamby, 

vanni  Solari,  Vinzenzo  Donate.  Gotthard  Dahlen,  Hugo  Hammarlund. 


JAPAN 


SPAIN 


M.  Chiwaki,  Tokyo,  Chairman ;  Seimaro  Florestan  Aguilar,  Madrid,  Chairman ; 
Shimura,  Kazu  Sato,  Tsurukichi  Oku-  Manuel  Valenzuela,  Juan  Carol,  Do- 
mura,  Marezo  Osaki.  mingo  Casasnovas,  Juan  Otaola. 


ral! 

1 


ARKANSAS 
O.  W.  Huff,  Hot  Springs,  Chairman ;  E.  L. 
Watson,  J.   E.  Andrews,   E.   W.   Smith, 
I.  M.  Sternberg. 

ARIZOxNA 
H.  H.  Wilson,  Phoenix,  Chairman;  John  A. 
Lentz,   J.    Harvey    Blain,    W.    P.    Sims, 
W.  A.  Baker. 

COLORADO 
Henry  B.  Hayden,  Colorado  Springs,  Chair- 
man ;  H.  A.  Fynn,  B.  Frank  Gray,  Wm. 
A.  Brierley,  George  Y.  Wilson. 
CONNECTICUT 
James     McManus,     Hartford.     Chairman; 
E.    S.    Gaylord,    A.    J.    Cutting,    W.    O. 
Beecher,  B.  A.  Sears. 

DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA 
M.   F.   Finley,  Washington,  D.   C,   Chair- 
man ;  J.    H.   London,   Thomas   L.   Rust, 
George  W.  Boynton,  H.  J.  Nichols. 
FLORIDA 
S.    W.    Allen,    Tampa,    Chairman;    W.    G. 
Mason,  J.  E.  Chace,  F.  E.  Buck,  W.  S. 
Hall. 

GEORGIA 
Frank  Holland,  Atlanta,  Chairman;  D.  D. 
Atkinson,  S.  W.  Foster,  C.  M.  Barnwell, 
H.  H.  Johnson. 

IDAHO 
Albert  A.  Jessup,  Boise,  Chairman;  R.  J. 
Cruse,    Frank    F.    McAtee,   Marshall    Y. 
Lucas,  L.  G.   Phillips. 

ILLINOIS 
Arthur  D.  Black,  Chicago,  Chairman ;  J.  H. 
Prothero,  J.  P.  Buckley,  W.  F.  Whalen, 
A.  E.  Converse. 

INDIANA 
Edwin  R.  Kibler,  Indianapolis,  Chairman ; 
Fred  O.  Henshaw,  Carl  D.  Lucas,  D.  A. 
House,  Otto  U.  King. 
IOWA 
J.  V.  Conzett,  Dubuque,  Chairman;  W.  R. 
Clack,  R.  H.  Volland,  William  Finn,  G. 
W.  Slingluff. 


KANSAS 
H.     W.     Fessenden,     Ottawa,     Chairman; 
Frank  O.  Hetrick,  C.  E.  Burgson,  H.  W. 
Hodges,  C.  B.  Osterhout. 
KENTUCKY 
McFerran  Crow,  Lexington,  Chairman ;  J. 
H.  Baldwin,  I.  B.  Howell,  Walter  Math- 
ews, Paul  W.  Prewitt. 

LOUISIANA 
C.    V.    Vignes,    New    Orleans,    Chairman; 
J.  J.  Sarrazin,  Samuel  H.  McAfee,  Fred- 
erick Ratzburg,  Oscar  J.  Ory. 
MAINE 
Henry    A.    Kelley,    Portland,    Chairman ; 
Dana    W.    Fellows,    Fred    E.    Maxfield, 
William  R.  Bibber,  Will  S.   Payson. 
MARYLAND 
B.  Holly  Smith,  Baltimore,  Chairman ;  W. 
G.  Foster,  H.  E.  Kelsey,  C.  J.  Grieves, 
George  E.  Hardy. 

MASSACHUSETTS 
Waldo   E.    Boardman,    Boston,    Chairman ; 
Frank    T.    Taylor,    William    F.    Oilman, 
Frederick  O.  Kidd,  Murdoch  C.   Smith. 
MICHIGAN 
Charles    H.    Oakman,    Detroit,    Chairman ; 
Robert    C.     Simmons,    I^uis    P.     Hall, 
Charles  A.  Burbridge,  Edgar  A.  Honey. 
MINNESOTA 
Thomas   B.    Hartzell,    Minneapolis,   Chair- 
man;   Frank    James,    Forest    H.    Orton, 
A.  C.  Fauc€tt,  L.  J.  Sykora. 
MISSISSIPPI 
A.  B.  Kelly,  Yazoo  City,  Chairman ;  W.  R. 
Wright,   J.   F.   Brunson,   H.   D.   Chipps, 
R.  K.  Luckie. 

MISSOURI 
Burton  Lee  Thorpe,  St.  Louis,  Chairman ; 
T.  D.  Patterson,  Charles  Channing  Allen, 
J.  P.  Marshall,  V.  R.  McCue. 
MONTANA 
T.  M.  Hampton,  Helena,  Chairman ;  T.  T. 
Rider,  G.  E.  Longway,  C.  H.  Head,  G.  A. 
Chevigny. 

NEBRASKA 
E.  H.  Bruening.  Omaha.  Chairman ;  A.  O. 
Hunt,  S.  A.  Allen,  O.  H.  Cressler,  H.  A. 
Shannon. 


I 


NEVADA 

D.  W.  Rulison,  Reno,  Chairman ;  William 
H.  Cavell,  W.  S.  Park,  Carlton  E. 
Rhodes,  Helen  M.  Rulison. 

NEW    MEXICO 

E.  J.  Alger,  Albuquerque,  Chairman ;  M.  J. 
Moran,  C.  M.  Stanfill,  W.  D.  Cornell, 
C.  A.  Eller. 

NEW   JERSEY 
William  I.  Thompson,  Asbury  Park,  Chair- 
man ;    Wallace    F.    Naylor,    William    H. 
Gelston,  Charles  F.  Jones,  Joseph  Kussy. 

NEW    YORK 
S.  W.  Van  Saun,  New  York  City,  Chair- 
man ;  L.  A.  Timerman,  B.  S.  Hert,  Leu- 
man  M.  Waugh,  W.  G.  Lewis. 

NORTH    CAROLINA 
J.     S.     Spurgeon,     Hillsboro,     Chairman; 
Charles  L.  Alexander,  F.  L.  Hunt,  D.  L. 
James,  J.  Martin  Fleming. 

NORTH    DAKOTA 
Tom    Smith,    Langdon.    Chairman ;    L.    L. 
Eckman,  A.  A.  Hardaway,  R.  S.  Towne, 
Fred  Rose. 

OHIO 

L.  L.  Barber,  Toledo,  Chairman  ;  Weston  A. 
Price,  Homer  C.  Brown,  J.  R.  Callahan, 
L.  E.  Custer. 

OKLAHOMA 
,  B.  L.  Shobe,  Tulsa,  Chairman ;  A.  L.  Wal- 
ters, L.  G.  Mitchell,  C.  R.  Laurence,  J.  E. 
Wright. 

OREGON 
Arthur   W.    Chance,    Portland,    Chairman ; 
J.  A.  Harper,  M.  S.  Kern,  M.  C.  Hol- 
brook,  C.  M.  Harrison. 

PENNSYLVANIA 
William  A.  Capon,  Philadelphia,  Chairman ; 
Walter  H.  Fundenberg,  George  S.  Schle- 
gel,  Daniel  B.  Williams,  Victor  S.  Jones. 

SOUTH    CAROLINA 
E.  G.  Quattlebaum,  Columbia,  Chairman; 
Brooks  Rutledge,  Louis  P.  Dotterer,  J.  R. 
Rogers,  J.  P.  McCreery. 


SOUTH   DAKOTA 
F.  H.  Weiland,  Redfield,  Chairman ;  A.  L. 
Revell,   Robert  Jasman,   G.   R.    Laning. 
M.  R.  Hopkins. 

SOUTHERN    CALIFORNIA 
Charles  M.  Benbrook,  Los  Angeles.  Chair- 
man;  W.  H.  Spinks,  L.  E.  Ford,  James 
David  McCoy,  M.  M.  Dixon. 

TENNESSEE 
A.   R.   Melendy,   Knoxville,   Chairman;   F. 
W.  Meacham,  C.  H.  Taylor,  J.  T.  Mead- 
ors,  John  R.  Beach. 

TEXAS 
J.  W.  David.  Corsicana.  Chairman;  J.   G. 
Fife,  W.  H.  Scherer,  Bush  Jones,  C.  M. 
AlcCauley. 

UTAH 
George  F.  Stiehl,  Salt  Lake  City,  Chairman  ; 
A.  C.  Wherry,  I.  P.  Stewart,  W.  G.  Dal- 
rymple,  H.  W.  Davis. 

VERMONT 
Thomas  Mound,  Rutland,  Chairman ;  Fred 
H.  Brown,  G.  E.  Patridge,  Fred  R.  New- 
ell, J.  A.  Pearsons. 

VIRGINIA 
H.  Wood  Campbell,  Suffolk,  Chairman ;  W. 
M.  Sturgis,  R.  L.  Simpson,  J.  P.  Stiff, 

E.  P.  Beadles. 

WASHINGTON 
George    T.    Williams,    Seattle,    Chairman ; 

F.  I.    Shaw.   W.   G.   Alexander,   R.   A. 
Munro,  F.  G.  Titus. 

WEST   VIRGINIA 
Frank    L.    Wright.    Wheeling,    Chairman ; 
W.  J.  Boydston,  D.  C.  Clark,  L.  George 
Beerbower,  H.  H.  Smallridge. 

WISCONSIN 
Henry  L.  Banzhaf,  Milwaukee,  Chairman ; 
William   H.   Mueller.  T.   A.   Hardgrove, 
V.  V.  Mason,  W.  T.  Hardy. 

WYOMING 
William    Frackelton,    Sheridan,   Chairman ; 
E.  O.  Cain,  W.  C.  Cunnington. 

ALASKA 
T.  H.  White,  Sitka,  Chairman. 


^T^ 


officers  of  the  Section 


5"ection  I 


Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Histology 

I.  Norman  Broomell,  Chairman, 

Philadelphia,   Pa. 

W.  H.  G.  Logan,  Vice-Chairman, 

Chicago,  111. 

Malcolm  Goddard,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  Gal. 


Section  II 

Etiology.  Radiography,  Pathology  and  Bac- 
teriology 

Frederick    Bogue   Noyes,    Chairman, 

Chicago,  111. 

R.  H.  Hofheinz,  Vicc-Chairman, 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

W.  H.  Renwick,  Secretary, 

Sacramento,  Gal. 


Section  III 
Chemistry  and  Metallurgy 

M.  L.  Ward,  Chairman, 

Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 

Henry  H.  Boo.m,  Vice-Chairman, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

H.  A.  TucKEY,  Secretary, 

San  Francisco,  Gal. 

Section  IV 
Oral  Hygiene  and  Prophylaxis 

Herbert  L.  Wheeler,  Chairman, 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

W.  W.  Belcher,  Vice-Chairman, 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Robert  W.  Hall,  Secretary, 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Section  V 

Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics 

J.  P.  Buckley,  Chairman, 

Chicago,  111. 

Gari.  D.  Lucas,  Vice-Chairman, 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Frank  G.  Pearn,  Secretary, 

Portland,  Ore. 


Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chairman, 

Chicago,  111. 

Adolph  Bernhart  Baer,  Vice-Chairman, 

San   Francisco,  Gal. 

E.  S.  Barnes,  Secretary, 

Seattle,  Wash. 

Section  VII 
Orthodontia 

J.  Lowe  Young,  Chairman, 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Robert  Dunn,  Vice-Chairman, 

Oakland,  Gal. 

James  David  McCoy,  Secretary, 

Los  Angeles,  Gal. 

Section  VIII 
Operative  Dentistry 

John  Sayre  Marshall,  Chairman, 

Berkeley,  Gal. 

H.  E.  Friesell,  Vice-Chairman, 

Pittsburg.  Pa. 

E.  A.  Tripp.  Secretary, 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Section  IX 
Prosthesis 

Ellison  Hillyer,  Chairman, 

Brooklyn,    N.   Y. 

F.  W.  Hergert,  Vice-Chairman, 

Seattle,  Wash. 

C.  O.  Edwards,  Secretary, 

Oakland,  Gal. 

Section  X 

Education,    Nomenclature,    Literature, 
History,  Legislation 

G.  N.  Johnson,  Chairman, 

Chicago,  111. 

Homer  C.   Brown,   Vice-Chairman, 

Columbus,  Ohio. 

Henry  G.  Fixott,  Secretary, 

Portland,  Ore. 


¥^F=^r!^ 


San  Francisco  Views:  1 — Postoffice.    2 — Drying  nets  at  Fisherman's  Wharf.     3— United   States 
Mint. 


Membership  and  Rules 


n' 


^\ 


i]\^. 


Qualifications  for  Membership 
State  and  National  Executive  Committees 
are  empowered  to  receive  applications  for 
membership  from  none  but  legal  and  repu- 
table practitioners  of  Dentistry,  who  are 
personally  known  to  be  such,  vouched  for 
by  an  officer  of  the  principal  dental  society 
of  their  locality,  or  by  some  other  known 
reputable  and  legal  practitioner.  Each  ap- 
plication must  be  signed  by  a  member  of  a 
State  or  National  Executive  Committee. 

Fees:  Members  and  Visitors 

Membership  fee  is  ten  dollars. 

Msitors  to  the  Congress  are  not  eligible 
for  membership. 

Members  may  introduce  members  of 
their  families  as  visitors  to  the  Congress 
upon  payment  of  a  fee  of  $2.50. 

The  membership  fee  includes  admission 
to  all  the  general  sessions  and  Section  meet- 
ings of  the  Congress,  a  copy  of  the  official 
program  and  the  complete  printed  trans- 
actions of  the  Congress  when   issued. 

Parliamentary  Rules 
"Roberts'  Rules  of  Order,"  a  copy  of 
which  may  be  obtained  from  the  Secretary, 
is  the  authority  for  deciding  all  parliamen- 
tary questions  arising  in  general  sessions 
or  Section  meetings  of  the  Congress. 


Rules  Governing  Officers  of  Sections, 
.\nd  State  and  Natioxat.  Executive 

Committees 
Rules  governing  the  Officers  of  Sections 
and  Chairmen  and  Members  of  State  and 
National  Executive  Committees  of  the  Pan- 
ama-Pacific Dental  Congress,  to  be  held  in 
San  Francisco,  California,  August  :30  to 
September  9,  191.5. 

Rule  I 
The  Officers  of  each  Section  shall  con- 
stitute the  Board  of  Censors  for  that  Sec- 
tion. 

Rule  II 
The   Officers   of   each    Section   shall   co- 
operate with  State  and  National  Executive 
Committees  in  securing  Papers  and  Clinics 


for  the  Program  of  the  Congress,  and  also 
with  the  Program  and  Clinic  Committees. 

Rule  III 
The  Officers  of  each  Section  and  the 
Chairmen  and  Members  of  State  and  Na- 
tional Executive  Committees  are  empow- 
ered to  solicit  and  receive  from  legal  and 
reputable  practitioners  of  Dentistry  and 
Medicine,  and  persons  proficient  in  the  Al- 
lied Sciences,  Papers  and  Clinics  on  subjects 
of  interest  to  the  Congress,  it  being  under- 
stood that  each  Essayist  or  Clinician  is  an 
authority  on,  or  particularly  well  qualified 
to  deal  with,  the  subject  presented. 

Rule  IV 
The  Chairman  of  each  Section  is  invited 
to  deliver  an  address  before  his  Section,  not 
to  exceed  twenty  minutes  in  length ;  this  ad- 
dress to  constitute  one  of  the  Papers  of 
that  Section. 

Rule  V 
The    aggregate    number    of    Papers    ac- 
cepted shall  not  exceed  ten  for  each  Sec- 
tion, and  not  more  than  two-fifths  of  those 
accepted  may  be  read  by  title. 

Rule  VI 
Papers  may  be  read  and  discussed  before 
tile  Congress  in  any  language,  but  copies  of 
all  Papers,  or  Summaries  of  Papers,  and 
Discussions,  typewritten  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, ready  for  printing,  must  reach  the 
Program  Committee  in  San  Francisco  not 
later  than  May  1,  1915. 

Rule  VII 

Each  Paper  and  Discussion  will  be  printed 
in  full  in  the  published  transactions  of  the 
Congress,  but  a  maximum  of  twenty  min- 
utes only  will  be  allowed  for  the  reading  of 
a  Paper,  or  a  summary  of  it,  embracing  its 
leading  points,  in  case  the  reading  of  the 
original  would  occupy  more  than  the  allot- 
ted time,  and  five  minutes  for  each  speaker 
taking  part  in  the  discussion  ;  not  more  than 
fifteen  minutes  will  be  allowed  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  any  paper,  and  the  author  will 
be  allowed  five  minutes  in  closing  the  dis- 
cussion. 

The  author  of  each  Paper  is  requested  to 
furnish    the    Secretary   of    the    Section    to 


m 


which  his  Paper  belongs  with  the  names 
and  addresses  of  those  who  will  discuss  his 
paper. 

Rule  VJII 
No  Clinic  will  be  given  a  place  on  the 
Program  of  the  Congress  unless  a  concise 
description  of  it,  typewritten  in  the  Eng- 
lish language,  ready  for  printing,  reaches 
the  Clinic  Committee  in  San  Francisco  on 
or  before  May  1,  1915. 

Rule  IX 
State  and  National  Executive  Commit- 
tees are  governed  by  the  rules  governing 
the  Officers  of  Sections,  so  far  as  they  ap- 
ply. Note  particularly  Rules  II,  III,  V, 
VI,  VII  and  VIII;  also 


Rule  X 
Each  contribution  to  the  Program,  either 
Paper  or  Clinic,  shall  be  sent  promptly  to 
the  Chairman  of  the  Section  to  which  its 
title  indicates  it  to  belong.  In  case  of  doubt, 
it  shall  be  sent  to  the  office  of  the  Commit- 
tee of  Organization  in  San  Francisco,  this 
Committee  determining  its  place  on  the 
Program. 

Rule  XI 

In  the  event  of  any  controversy  arising 
between  Contributors  and  the  Officers  of 
any  Section,  the  question  at  issue  shall,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Officers  of  the  Section, 
be  submitted  to  the  Committee  of  Organi- 
zation for  final  adjustment. 


State  Capitol,  Sacramento 


Synopsis  of  General  Program 

Monday,  August  30,  1915 


9:00  a.  m. — Registration  of  Members. 
(Registration  booths  under  balcony,  first 
or  main  floor.)  A  certificate  of  mem- 
bership will  be  issued  by  the  General 
Secretary.  Upon  presentation  of  this 
certificate  at  the  office  of  the  Program 
Committee,  a  copy  of  the  Official  Pro- 
gram will  be  given  the  member. 

9:30  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  Psi  Omega 
Dental   Fraternity,   National   Alumni. 

10:00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  National  As- 
sociation of  Dental  Examiners. 

10:00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  American  So- 
ciety of  Orthodontists. 


12:00    m.    to    1 
luncheon. 


p.    m. — Interval    for 


I       1 :30  p.  m. — Opening  of  the  Panama-Pacific 
Dental  Congress  (main  floor,  west  side). 

Music. 

Address^as.   A.   Barr,    Director   of   Con- 
gresses. 

Address — Hiram  VV.  Johnson,  Governor  of 
California. 

Music. 

Address — James  Rolph,  Jr.,  Mayor  of  San 
Francisco. 


-Chas.    C.    Moore,    President    of 
P.  I.  Exposition. 


Burton    Lee   Thorpe,    St.   Louis, 


Address- 
the  P. 

Music. 

Address : 
Mo. 


Address — Donald  M.  Gallic,  President  Na- 
tional  Dental   Association. 


Address — Truman  W.  Brophy,  President 
Federation  Dentaire  Internationale. 

Address — Frank  L.  Piatt,  President  Pan- 
ama-Pacific Dental  Congress. 

Addresses  by  Foreign  Delegates  (in  alpha- 
betical order  of  the  names  of  the  country 
they  represent). 


]  :30  p.  m. — General  Reception  to  Delegates, 
Psi  Omega  Fraternity.     Auditorium. 

2:00  p.  m. — Opening  Exercises,  First  An- 
nual Convention,  National  Alumni  Chap- 
ter, Psi  Omega  Dental  Fraternity.  Au- 
ditorium. 

5  :00  to  8  :00  p.  m.— Interval  for  dinner. 

8 :00  p.  m. — Informal  Reception  to  Mem- 
bers and  Ladies.  (At  the  California  Host 
Building,  Panama-Pacific  International 
Exposition.)     Music,  dancing. 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915 


9  :00  a.  m. — Reading  of  papers.  See  Daily 
Bulletin  for  details  and  subjects.  See 
this  program,  pages  91,  109,  113,  for  sec- 
tions, subjects,  authors,  etc. 

10:00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  National  As- 
sociation of  Dental  Examiners. 

12  :00  to  1 :30  p.  m.— Interval  for  luncheon. 

1:30    p.    m. — Clinics;    fourth    floor.      See 


Daily  Bulletin   for  subjects  and   details. 

See  this  program,  page  117,  for  general 

announcement  of  cHnics,  etc. 
:00  to  7  :30  p.  m. — Interval  for  dinner. 
:30  p.   m. — Moonlight   Excursion   on   the 

Bay.    Limited  to  250.   Make  reservations 

at  Entertainment  Booth  before  5  p.   m. 

Monday,  August  30th.    Fare,  50c.   Leave 

Crowley's  Wharf,  Mission  Street. 


Synopsis  of  General  Program 
Wednesday,  September  1,  1915 


9  rOO  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 

10:00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  Delta  Sigma 
Delta  Dental  Fraternity. 

10:00  a.  m.— Meeting  of  the  Scientific 
Foundation  and  Research  Commission 
of  the  National  Dental  Association.  (See 
this  program,  page  83,  for  details.) 

10:00  a.  m. — Trip  to  Battleships  in  Bay. 
Giving  a  close  and  intimate  view  of  the 
battleships  at  anchor  in  San  Francisco 
Bay.  Landing  passengers  at  the  yacht 
harbor  at  Exposition  before  noon.    Make 


reservations  at  Entertainment  Booth  be- 
fore 5  p.  m.  on  Tuesday,  August  31st. 
Parties  limited  to  250.  Fare,  $1.00. 
Leave  Crowley's  Wharf,  Mission  Street. 

12:00  m.  to  1:30  p.  m.— Interval  for 
luncheon. 

1 :30  p.  m. — Clinics — continued. 

2:00  p.  m. — Meeting  of  National  Dental 
Association   House  of   Delegates. 

7:00  p.  m. — Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity 
Annual  Banquet,  St.  Francis  Hotel. 


Thursday,  September  2,  1915 


U 


9 :00  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 

9 :30  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia Dental  Society. 
10:00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  the  Scientific 
Foundation  and  Research  Commission  of 
the  National  Dental  Association — con- 
tinued.. 
9 :15  a.  m. — Trip  to  Mt.  Tamalpais  and 
Muir  Woods. 

Mt.  Tamalpais  has  the  grandest  mountain 
railway  on  earth. 

The  world  affords  no  more  alluring  or 
entertaining  trip  than  that  to  the  summit  of 
Mt.  Tamalpais  and  the  mighty  Redwoods 
of  the  Muir  Woods.  The  outlook  from 
the  Tavern  at  the  summit  is  one  of  in- 
describable splendor,  giving  an  unobstruct- 
ed view  of  the  entire  bay  region,  the  great 
mountain  ranges  and  the  broad  Pacific,  the 
Golden  Gate,  San  Francisco  and  the  Expo- 
sition  buildings. 

Take  the  Sausalito  Ferry  from  Union 
Ferry  Depot,  foot  of  Market  Street,  and 
go  to  the  summit  of  Mt.  Tamalpais.  via 
the  Mill  Valley  and  Mt.  Tamalpais  Scenic 
Railroad.  A  sail  on  San  Francisco  Bay,  a 
ride  on  "The  Crookedest  Railroad  in  the 
World,"  a  continuous,  ever-changing  pano- 
rama  of    mountains,    valleys,    ocean,   bays, 


cities  and  towns,  as  you  gradually  ascend 
to  a  height  of  half  a  mile  above  the  sur- 
rounding country.  You  see  more  from  Mt. 
Tamalpais  than  from  any  other  mountain 
peak  in  the  world ;  on  a  clear  day  the  snow- 
capped Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  155  miles 
distant,  can  be  plainly  seen,  and  Mt.  Shasta, 
rising  nearly  three  miles  high  and  300 
miles  away,  can  be  discerned.  The  Mt. 
Tamalpais  trip  gives  one  the  best  idea  of 
locations  in   California. 

Round  trip  to  either,  $1.90.  Round  trip 
to  both,  $2.90. 

Boat  leaves  San  Francisco,  foot  of  Mar- 
ket Street:  9:15,  10:45,  11:45.  All-day 
trip.     Lunch  at  Tavern,  75c. 

No  reservations  necessary.  Tickets  on 
sale  at  ferry. 


12 :00    m.    to 
luncheon. 


1:30    p. 


-Interval     for 


1 :30   p.   m.— Clinics — continued. 

2 :00    p.    m. — Meeting    of    the    Federation 
Dentaire  Internationale. 

2  :00  p.  m. — Meeting  of  the  National  Den- 
tal Association,  House  of  Delegates. 

8  :00  p.  m. — Special  Events  at  the  Exposi- 
tion.    (See  daily  papers  for  program.) 


IWP^^^: 


'^m^K- 


"3Bcnrs: 


Synopsis  of  General  Program 


Friday,  September  3,  1915 


9  :00  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 

11:00  a.  m. — Six-hour  trip,  including  lunch 
at  Peninsula  Hotel  at  San  Mateo.  Lim- 
ited to  850.  Make  reservations  at  En- 
tertainment Booth  before  5  p.  m.  Thurs- 
day, September  2d.    Total  cost,  $3.00. 

12 :00  m.  to  1 :30  p.  m.— Interval  for 
luncheon. 

1 :30  p.  m. — Clinics — continued. 

2 :00  p.  m. — Meeting  of  the  Federation 
Dentaire  Internationale. 


6:00  p.  m.— Psi  Omega  Dinner  at  Old 
Faithful  Inn,  Exposition  Grounds. 

7:30  p.  m. — Moonlight  Excursion  on  the 
Bay.  Parties  limited  to  250.  Make  res- 
ervations at  Entertainment  Booth  before 
5  p.  m.  Thursday,  September  2d.  Leave 
Crowley's  Wharf,  Mission  Street.  Fare, 
50c. 

9  :00  p.  m.— Informal  Dance,  Ballroom,  Cal- 
ifornia Building,  Exposition  Grounds. 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915 


9  :00  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 

10 :00  a.  m. — Ocean  Shore  Scenic  Trip. 
A  fifty-mile  trip.  Train  leaves  depot  at 
Twelfth  and  Mission  Streets  at  10  a.  m., 
arriving  at  Moss  Beach  at  11 :30  a.  m., 
where  a  fine  shore  dinner  will  be  served. 
Dancing,  swimming,  etc.  Returning, 
leave  Moss  Meach  at  3  :o5  p.  m.,  arriv- 
ing in  San  Francisco  at  5  :30  p.  m.  Lim- 
ited number.     Fare  $1.00.     Dinner,  75c. 


12:00    m.    to    1:30    p. 
luncheon. 


-Interval     for 


1 :30  p.  m. — Clinics — continued. 

2:30  p.  m. — Psi  Omega  Special  Entertain- 
ment Feature  (excursion).  All  Psi  Ome- 
gans  invited.  Register  for  this  trip  at  the 
Panama-Pacific  Psi  Omega  Club.  Head- 
quarters at  the  Auditorium. 

8:00  p.  m. — Entertainment  for  the  Men  of 
the  Congress,  at  the  quarters  of  the 
Olympic  Club.  Of  unusual  interest.  Ad- 
mission strictly  by  card,  issued  by  the 
Entertainment  Committee.  Make  reser- 
vations before  5  p.  m.  Friday,  September 
3d.     No  expense. 


r  V, 


Sunday,  September  5,  1915 


9:00  to  11:00  a.  m. — Swimming  at  Sutro 
Baths.      The    largest    indoor    salt-water 
tank  in  the  world.     Bathing  suits  can  be 
had  at  baths  for  nominal  sum. 
12:00  m. — Alameda  County  Day. 

Guests  will  leave  San  Francisco  by  18 
o'clock  Key  Route  boat,  under  escort  of 
the  Entertainment  Committee,  for  the  Hotel 
Oakland,  where  automobiles  will  be  in 
waiting  for  a  drive  around  beautiful  Lake 
Merritt,  through  Lakeshore  Park  and  over 
the  hills  surrounding  the  lake,  to  the  Foot- 
hill Boulevard.  The  exclusive  residence 
district  of  Oakland  and  the  setting  of  its 
beautiful  homes ;  thence  to  Berkeley  via  the 
Scenic    Boulevard,   to   the   Greek   Theater 


and  the  campus  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia and  other  points  of  interest  in  Berke- 
ley, after  which  the  return  to  Oakland  via 
a  different  route,  visiting  points  of  interest 
in  Oakland.  A  dinner  will  be  served  at 
Hotel  Oakland  at  5  o'clock,  before  return- 
ing to  San  Francisco. 

Make  reservation  at  Entertainment 
Booth.  Reservations  close  at  5  p.  m.  on 
September  4th.  Limited  to  500.  Dinner 
expense  only. 

(Above  program  tentative.  See  daily  bul- 
letin for  details.) 

8:00   p.   m. — Spectacular   Pyrotechnic   Dis- 
play at  the  Exposition. 

r 

'■ 55r— ^i 


"^rr 


9 :45  a.  m. — Mare  Island  Xavy  Yard  Ex- 
cursion. 

Beautiful  Bay  trip  and  visit  to  Mare 
Island,  where  the  special  privilege  has  been 
offered  our  guests  to  inspect  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment Navy  Yard. 

The  trip  up  the  Bay  offers  many  fea- 
tures of  interest,  especially  Alcatraz  Island 
(Government  prison),  Angel  Island  (the 
quarantine  station),  Richmond  with  its 
huge  oil  refineries.  Pinole  Powder  Works, 
Breakwater  and  Lighthouses,  and  many 
picturesque  islands  through  the  course. 


Trip  in  charge  of  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee. 

Limited  to  250.  Expense,  $1.00.  Make 
reservations  at  booth  of  Entertainment 
Committee  before  5  p.  m.  Saturday,  Sep- 
tember 4th. 

Panama-Pacific  Congress  Day  at  the  Ex- 
position. 

12:00    m.    to    1:30    p.    m.— Interval     for 
luncheon. 


:iliri/ 


1:;50 


-Clinics — continued. 


TUESD.A.Y,  September  7,  1915 


9:00  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 
10  :00  a.  m. — Meeting  of  Salt  Lake  County 

Dental  Society. 
12:00    m.    to    1:30    p.    m.— Interval     for 

luncheon. 
1 :30  p.  m. — Clinics — continued. 


7:30  p.  m.— Moonlight  Excursion  on  the 
Bay.  Parties  limited  to  250.  Make  res- 
ervations at  Entertainment  Booth  before 
5  p.  m.  Monday,  September  6th.  Leave 
Crowley's  Wharf,  Mission  Street.  Fare, 
50c. 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915 


9  :00  a.  m. — Reading  of  Papers — continued. 

10:00  a.  m. — Trip  to  Battleships  in  Bay. 
Giving  a  close  and  intimate  view  of  the 
battleships  at  anchor  in  San  Francisco 
Bay,  landing  passengers  at  the  yacht  har- 
bor at  Exposition  before  noon.  Make 
reservations  at  Entertainment  Booth  be- 
fore  5   p.   m.   Tuesday,    September    7th. 


Leave  Crowley's  Wharf,  Mission  Street. 
Parties  limited  to  250.     Fare,  50c. 


12:00    m.    to 
luncheon. 


1:30    p.    m.— Interval    for 


1 :30  p.  m. — Clinics — continued. 
8:00  p.  m. — Special  Features  at  the  Expo- 
sition.    (See  daily  papers  for  program.) 


SPECIAL  ANNOUNCEMENT 

During  the  entire  session  of  the  Con- 
gress, there  will  be  displayed  on  the  main 
floor,  east  side,  various  educational,  scien- 
tific and  other  exhibits,  including  a  detail 
from  the  Department  of  the  United  States 
Army  and  Navy  Dental  Corps. 

See  this  program,  page  89,  for  particu- 
lars. 


M 


Congress  Announcements 


The  Daily  Bulletin  will  be  issued  each 
day  from  the  office  of  the  Program  Com- 
mittee. It  will  give  in  detail  the  program 
for  that  day,  the  names  of  members  who 
have  registered,  and  other  necessary  infor- 
mation not  in  the  Official  Program. 


The  telephone  number  of  the  Auditorium 
is  Market  871.  Telephone  service  to  all 
floors  and  departments. 


The  Registration  Booth  will  be  on  the 
main  floor  near  entrance. 

Lost  and  found  articles  may  be  regis- 
tered at  the  Registration  Booth,  windows 
No.  1  and  No.  2. 

There  will  be  a  Bulletin  Board  on  the 
main  floor  where  special  notices  will  be 
posted  that  may  not  be  in  the  Daily  Bul- 
letin or  the  Official  Program. 


The  office  of  the  Congress  will  be  on 
the  3rd  floor.  It  will  be  open  all  day  during 
the  sessions  and  an  assistant  secretary  will 
be  in  charge  in  the  absence  of  the  secretary. 

Applications  for  membership,  registra- 
tion, programs,  reservations  for  sightseeing 
trips  and  excursions,  etc.,  should  be  made 
as  early  as  possible. 


Notices  for  the  Daily  Bulletin  must  be 
reported  to  the  office  of  the  Program  Com- 
mittee before  5  p.  m.  for  insertion  the  fol- 
lowing day. 


A  stenographer  and  typewriter  will  be  at 
the  service  of  members,  at  the  usual  rates. 


Reservation  has  been  made  in  the  parlors 
of  the  California  Building  at  the  Exposi- 
tion for  our  Ladies'  Committee  to  receive 
and  entertain  informally  all  our  guests. 
Cards  of  admission  will  be  presented  to 
each  lady. 

R.MLROAD   Ticket   Validation 
Announcement 
The  points  for  validation  of  tickets  are 
the: 
Southern  Pacific  Ticket  Offices  at  the  Ferry 

Building; 
In  the  Palace  Hotel ; 
884  Market  Street ; 

Southern   Pacific   Building  at  the   Exposi- 
tion Grounds — all  in  San  Francisco,  and 
The  xMole ; 

Sixteenth  Street  Station ; 
Thirteenth  and  Broadway — all  in  Oakland. 
Owing  to  the  volume  of  travel  at  this 
time,  it  is  advised  that  sleeping  car  reser- 
vations for  return  trip  be  made  as  soon  as 
the  date  of  return  is  decided  upon.  Sleep- 
ing car  reservations  can  be  made  at  any  of 
the  above  ticket  offices.  Validation  of  tick- 
ets must  be  made  on  the  date  of  return. 


The  Information  Bureau  will  be  at  win- 
dows Nos.  1  and  2  of  the  Registration 
Booth. 


The  Postoffice.  where  general  postoffice 
business  may  be  transacted,  will  be  at  the 
end  of  the  Registration  Booth. 


Those  cherries  fairly  do  enclose 

Of  Orient  pearls  a  double  row. 
Which,  when  her  lovely  laughter  shows. 

They  look  like   rosebuds   fill'd   with   snow. 
— Richard  Allison. 


':;/t        '>.:Vj\\j 


List  of  Societies  and  their  Officers  which  will  meet  with  the 
Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 


^/\Vi 


lU 


International   Dental    Federation 
(F.  D.  I.) 

Honorary  President,  W.  B.  Patterson, 
London,  England. 

President,  Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chicago, 
111 

Vice-Presidents:  Harvey  J.  Burkhart,  Ba- 
tavia,  N.  Y.;  F.  Schaeflfer-Stuckert, 
Frankfort-on-Main ;  M.  Roy,  Paris, 
France;  W.  Guy,  Edinburgh;  Rudolph 
Weiser,  Vienna,  Austria;  Vincenzo  Gue- 
rini,  Naples,  Italy;  J.  Howard  Mum- 
mery, London,  England;  N.  Etchepara- 
borda,  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina ;  Ernst 
Jessen,  Strassburg. 

Secretary-General,  Florestan  Aguilar.  Ma- 
drid, Spain. 

Assistant  Secretaries:  Burton  Lee  Thorpe, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  C.  Van  der  Hoeven,  The 
Hague,  Holland ;  G.  Villain,  Paris, 
France;  B.  Landete,  Madrid,  Spain. 

Treasurer,  Edmond  Rosenthal,  Brussels, 
Belgium. 

National  Dental  Association 

President,  Donald  Mackay  Gallic,  Chicago, 
111. 

First  Vice-President,  Edward  G.  Link,  Ro- 
chester, N.  Y. 

Second  Vice-President,  L.  P.  Dotterer, 
Charleston,  S.  C. 

Third  Vice-President,  T.  E.  Turner,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

General  Secretary,  Otto  L^.  King,  Hunting- 
ton, Ind. 

Treasurer,  H.  B.  McFadden,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 


Southern    California   Dental 
Association 

President,  G.  ^Maurice  Crow,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

First  Vice-President,  Wellslake  D.  ^lorse, 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Second    Vice-President,    G.    C.    Burbank, 
Long  Beach,  Cal. 

Secretary,  W.  E.  Sibley,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Treasurer,    C.   J.    R.    Engstrom,    Los   An- 
geles, Cal. 

Editor,  John  R.  McCoy,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity 

Supreme    Grand    Master,    Burton    Lee 

Thorpe,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Supreme    Worthy    Master,    D.    M.    Gallic, 

Chicago,    111. 
Supreme    Scribe,    R.    Hamill    D.    Swing, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Supreme  Treasurer,  D.  C.  Bacon,  Chicago, 

111. 
Supreme  Historian,  Frederick   C.   Kemple, 

New  York  City. 
Past  Supreme  Grand  Master,  W.  D.  Tracy, 

New  York  City. 

Utah   State  Dental  Society 

President,  A.  C.  Wherry,  Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah. 
Vice-President,  Harry  J.  Davis,  Salt  Lake 

City,  Utah. 
Vice-President,  D.  N.  White,  Ogden,  Utah. 
Secretary-Treasurer,   Earl   C.   Fairweather, 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Supre.me  Chapter  Xi  Psi  Phi 
Fraternity 


California    State    Dental   Association 

President,  C.  E.  Post,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Supreme  President,  H.  Acton  Roan,  Min- 

Vice-President,  Lewis  T.  Corwin,  Oakland,  neapolis,  Minn. 

Secretary  and  Editor,  E.  E.  Evans,  Oak-  Supreme  Secretary-Treasurer,  C.  C.  Mar- 
land,  Cal.  key. 

Treasurer,  Fred  J.  Seiferd,  San  Francisco,  Supreme    Editor.    C.    L.    Storms.    Buffalo 

Cal.  N.  Y. 


m 


s 


George  T.  Williams,  Seattle,  Wash. 
*George  E.  Hunt,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
W.  T.  Farrar,  Louisville,  Ky. 
Percy  Williams,  Rutland,  Vt. 
Samuel  H.  McAfee,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Edward  C.  Kirk,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
William  Carr,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chicago,  111. 
Greene  V.  Black,  Chicago,  111. 
Homer  C.   Brown,  Columbus,   O. 
Thomas  B.  Hartzell,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Arthur  R.  Melendy,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
Edward  S.  Gaylord,  New  Haven,  Conn. 


Clarence   J.    Grieves,    Secretary-Treasurer, 

Baltimore,  Md. 
John  V.  Conzett,  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
Eugene  R.  Warner,  Denver,  Colo. 


Henry  C.  Ferris,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Charles  Channing  Allen,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Frank  O.  Hetrick,  Ottawa,  Kan. 

Marcus  L.  Ward,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Frank  L.  Piatt.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Chris  S.  Van  Horn,  Bloomsburg,  Pa. 

Roscoe  H.  Volland,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Donald  M.  Gallic,  President  National  Den- 
tal Assn.  (ex-officio  member),  Chicago, 
111. 

Otto  U.  King,  Secretary  National  Dental 
Assn.  (ex-officio  member),  Huntington, 
Ind. 


The  Scientific  Foundation  and  Research 
Commission  of  the  National  Dental  Asso- 
ciation is  organized  for  conducting  ex- 
haustive studies  on  various  dental  problems. 
It  is  supported  chiefly  by  voluntary  contri- 
butions from  the  dental  profession. 
Synopsis   Reports    of   the   Work   Done    in 

Various  Departments  of  Research. 
"Special  Researches  in  Mouth  Infections" 
—by  Thomas  B.  Hartzell,  M.  D.,  D.  D.  S., 
assisted  by  Harold  J.  Leonard,  D.  D.  S., 
Arthur  Henrici,  M.  D.,  and  Miss  Ruby 
White,  in  the  University  of  Minnesota. 
"The  Dental  Pulp  and  the  Peridental  Mem- 
brane"— by  Frederick  B.  Noyes,  B.  S., 
D.  D.  S.,  in  the  University  of  Illinois. 

"Salivary  Analysis  and  Dental  Caries"^by 
Russell  W.  Bunting,  D.  D.  S.,  assisted  by 

♦Deceased. 


U.  G.  Rickert,  B.  S.,  M.  A.,  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan. 

"Dental  Cements" — ^by  Marcus  L.  Ward. 
D.  D.  S.,  assisted  by  Ralph  ,M.  McCor- 
mick,  B.  S.,  in  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan. 

"The  Relation  of  the  Glands  of  Internal 
Secretion  to  Caries" — by  Dr.  William  J. 
Gies,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  in  the  Columbia 
L'niversity. 

(a)  "Metallurgical   Researches." 

(b)  "Differentiations  in  Mouth  Infections 
— A  Contribution  to  the  Etiology  of  Py- 
orrhea Alveolaris" — by  Weston  A.  Price, 
D.  D.  S.,  M.  S.  Metallurgical  assistant, 
Frank  A.  Fahrenwald,  E.  M.,  M.  S.  Bac- 
teriological assistant.  Le  Rue  P.  Ben- 
sing,  B.  A.,  Cleveland. 

(Motion  Pictures.) 


^^ 


ELTA  SIGMA  DELTA 
Fraternity  originated  in 
the  Freshman  class  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  in 
1882,  and  in  March  of  1883 
nine  men  —  Charles  W. 
Howard,  L.  J.  Mitchell,  C. 
Hand,  lizra  L.  Kern,  L.  M.  James, 
D.  D.  Alagill,  L.  L.  Davis,  Charles  P. 
Weinrich  and  Wm.  Cleland  became  the 
charter  members  of  Alpha  Chapter  of  this, 
the  first  Greek  letter  Dental  Fraternity. 

The  Supreme  Chapter,  composed  of 
graduate  members  of  subordinate  chapters, 
was  organized  March  20,  1884. 

The  organization  is  made  up  o'  the  fol- 
lowing divisions: 

A  Supreme  Chapter  which  governs  and 
controls  the  entire  membership,  having  the 
power  to  make  or  amend  the  Constitution 
and  Laws. 

Twenty-five  Auxiliary  Chapters,  com- 
posed of  Supreme  Chapter  members  resid- 
ing in  certain  central  districts. 

A  council  of  deputies,  composed  of  the 
official  representatives  of  the  Subordinate 
Chapters. 

Twenty-five  Subordinate  Chapters  located 
as  follows: 
Alpha    Chapter — University    of    Michigan, 

Dental  Dept.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 
Beta  Chapter — Chicago  College  of  Dental 

Surgery,  Chicago,  111. 
Gamma  Chapter — Harvard  University,  Den- 
tal Dept.,  Boston,  Mass. 
EpsiloH    Chapter — University    of    Pennsyl- 
vania, Dental  Dept.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Zeta    Chapter — University    of    California, 

Dental  Dept.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Eta     Chapter  —  Northwestern     University, 
Dental  School,  Chicago,  111. 


Theta   Chapter — University  of   Minnesota, 
Dental  Dept.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Kappa     Chapter  —  Vanderbilt     University, 
Dental  Dept.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Lambda   Chapter — Western    Reserve    Uni- 
versity, Dental  Dept.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Mu  Chapter— Tuit's  Dental  College,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Nu  Chapter— Kunszs  City  Dental  College, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Xi  Chapter — Indiana  Dental  College,  India- 
napolis, Ind. 

Omicron    Chapter — St.    Louis    University, 
Dental  Dept.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Pi  Chapter— University  of  Buflfalo,  Dental 
Dept.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Rho  Chapter — University  of  Illinois,  School 
of  Dentistry,  Chicago,  111. 

Sigma  Chapter — University  of  Pittsburgh, 
Dental  Dept.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Upsilon  Chapter — Washington    University, 
Dental  Dept.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Phi  Chapter — Colorado  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  Denver,  Colo. 

Chi  Chapter — University  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, Dental  Dept.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Psi  Chapter— 'North  Pacific  Dental  College, 
Portland,  Ore. 

Omega     Chapter — Creighton     University, 
Dental  Dept.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

Alpha   Alpha    Chapter — Georgetown    Uni- 
versity, Dental  Dept.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Beta    Beta    Chapter — Lincoln    University, 
Dental  Dept.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Gamma  Gamma  Chapter — Iowa  University, 
Dental  Dept.,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

Epsilon  Epsilon  Chapter — Louisville  Dental 
College,  Louisville,  Ky. 
The  official  organ  of  the  Fraternity  is 

Decmos,    published    quarterly    by    the    Su- 
preme Chapter. 


PSI    OMEGA   FRATERNITY 


SI  OMEGA  Dental  Fra- 
ternity was  organized  in 
S!»2  at  the  Baltimore  Col- 
cge  of  Dental  Surgery, 
"ounded  primarily  as  a 
college  society,  with  a 
secret  ritual,  the  organiza- 
gradually  to  the  New  York 
College  of  Dentistry  and  thence  to  the 
Pennsylvania   College   of    Dental    Surgery. 

The  Constitution  and  the  power  of  the 
original  Chapter,  Alpha,  proving  inadequate 
for  the  growing  Fraternity,  a  convention 
was  called  in  February,  1895,  and  the  Fra- 
ternity was  launched  as  a  National  organi- 
zation. 

In  the  last  twenty  years  Psi  Omega  has 
grown  from  its  humble  beginning  to  an  or- 
ganization consisting  of  forty-eight  chap- 
ters. Forty-two  of  these  are  Active  Chap- 
ters and  twenty-six  Alumni,  with  a  total 
membership  of  seven  thousand  five  hundred. 

The  object  of  the  Fraternity  is  to  culti- 
vate the  social  qualities  of  its  members;  to 
surround  each  member  with  friends  to 
whom  he  may  turn  for  advice  and  assist- 
ance when  in  need,  and  to  untiringly  exert 
its  influence  for  the  advancement  of  the 
dental  profession,  in  methods  of  teaching, 
of  practice  and  of  jurisprudence. 

The  government  of  the  Fraternity  is 
vested  in  a  Grand  Chapter,  meeting  tri- 
ennially  between  July  1st  and  September 
1st,  and  consisting  of  one  duly  elected  del- 
egate from  each  Subordinate  Chapter.  The 
Supreme  Council  is  composed  of  three 
Alumni  members,  having  power  to  act  for 
the  Grand  Chapter  when  that  body  is  not 
in  session. 

To  secure  by  co-operation  benefits  and 
advantages    out    of    individual    reach    the 


official  organ.  The  Fratcr,  is  published  bi- 
monthly during  the  college  year. 

SUPREME  COUNCIL. 

H.  E.  Friesell,  A.  B.,  D.  D.  S.,  Grand 
Recorder,  120G  Highland  Bldg.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Edward  H.  Sting,  D.  D.  S.,  Editor,  Tiffin, 
Ohio. 

J.  E.  Nyce,  D.  D.  S.,  Business  Manager, 
731  Witherspoon  Bldg,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

ACTIVE  CHAPTERS. 

Alpha — Baltimore  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery. 

Beta — New  York  College  of  Dentistry. 

Gamma — Pennsylvania  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  Philadelphia.  (Combined  with 
Zeta.) 

Delta — Tufts  Dental  College,  Boston,  Mass. 

Epsilon — Western  Reserve  University, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Zeta — University  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Eta — Philadelphia  Dental  College. 

*Thcta — University  of  Buffalo,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

Iota — Northwestern  University.  Chicago, 
111. 

Kappa — Chicago  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery, Chicago,  111. 

*Lambda — University  of  Minnesota,  Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 

l/j(— University  of  Denver,  Denver,  Colo. 

Nu — University  of  Pittsburgh,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 

Xi — Marquette  University,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Mu  Delta — Harvard  University  Dental 
School. 

Omicron — Louisville  College  of  Dental  Sur- 
gery. 


Pi — Baltimore  Medical  College,  Dental  De- 
partment. 

Beta  Sigma — College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  Dental  Department,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Rho — Ohio  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Sigma — Medico-Chirurgical  College,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Taw— Atlanta  Dental  College,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Upsilon — University  of  Southern  Califor- 
nia, Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Phi — University    of    Maryland,    Baltimore. 

C/m— North  Pacific  Dental  College,  Port- 
land, Ore. 

Psi— Ohio  State  University,  Columbus,  O. 

Omega — Indiana  Dental  College,  Indianap- 
oHs,  Ind. 

Beta  Alpha — University  of  Illinois,  Chicago. 

Beta  Gamma — George  Washington  Uni- 
versity, Washington,  D.  C. 

Beta  Delta — University  of  California,  San 
Francisco. 

Beta  Epsilon — New  Orleans  College  of 
Dentistry. 

Beta  Zeta—St.  Louis  Dental  College,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Beta  £fa— Keokuk  Dental  College.  (De- 
funct.) 

Beta  Thcta — Georgetown  University, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Gamma  Iota — Southern  Dental  College,  At- 
lanta, Ga. 

Gamma  Kappa — University  of  Michigan, 
Ann  Arbor. 

Gamma  Lambda — College  of  Dental  and 
Oral  Surgery  of  New  York. 

Gamma  Mii — University  of  Iowa,  Iowa 
City. 

Gamma  Nii — Vanderbilt  University,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Gamma  Xj— University  College  of  Medi- 
cine, Richmond,  Va.  (Combined  with 
Gamma  Omicron.) 

Gamma  Omicron — Medical  College  of  Vir- 
ginia, Richmond,  Va. 

*Gamma  Pi — Washington  University,  D. 
Dept.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Delta  Rho— Kansas  City  Dental  College. 


New  York  Alumni  Chapter,  New  York  City. 

Duquesne  Alumni  Chapter,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Minnesota  Alumni  Chapter,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Chicago  Alumni  Chapter,  Chicago,  111. 

Boston  Alumni  Chapter,  Boston,  Mass. 

Philadelphia  Alumni  Chapter,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

New  Orleans  Alumni  Chapter,  New  Or- 
leans, La. 

Los  Angeles  Alumni  Chapter.  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

Cleveland  Alumni  Chapter,  Cleveland,  O. 

Seattle  Alumni   Chapter,   Seattle,   Wash. 

Portsmouth  Alumni  Chapter,  Portsmouth, 
Ohio. 

Buffalo  Alumni  Chapter,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Connecticut  State  Alumni  Chapter,  Con- 
necticut. 

Iowa  State  Alumni  Chapter,  Iowa  City,  la. 

New  Jersey  State  Alumni  Chapter,  New 
Jersey. 

San  Francisco  Alumni  Chapter,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Multnomah  Alumni  Chapter,  Portland,  Ore. 

District  of  Columbia  Alumni  Chapter, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Ohio  State  Alumni  Chapter,  Ohio. 

Anthracite  Alumni  Chapter,  Wilkes  Barre 
and  Scranton,  Pa. 

Atlanta  Alumni  Chapter,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Kansas  City  Alumni  Chapter,  Kansas  City, 
Mo. 

Alabama  State  Alumni  Chapter,  Alabama, 

Virginia  State  Alumni  Chapter,  Virginia. 

Rocky  Mountain  Alumni  Chapter,  Denver, 
Colo. 

National  Alumni  Chapter. 


/■ 


HE  Xi  Psi  Phi  Fraternity 
was  founded  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in 
February,  1889.  The  name 
given  the  organization  at 
that  time  was  Delta  Beta 
Gamma,  signifying  "Den- 
tal Brothers'  Guild."  This,  however,  was 
soon  changed  to  Xi  Psi  Phi. 

In  May,  1892,  articles  of  association 
were  filed  in  the  State  of  Michigan  for 
Alpha  Chapter,  after  which  the  Fraternity 
became  a  national  organization. 

Since  that  time  thirty-two  Subordinate 
Chapters  have  been  organized;  seven  have 
been  disbanded  for  different  reasons,  leav- 
ing an  active  Chapter  list  of  twenty-five  at 
present. 

The  purpose  for  which  the  organization 
was  formed  is  "to  promote  social  unity 
amongst  dental  students  generally;  to  im- 
prove their  intellectual  advantages  and  op- 
portunities; to  establish  a  fraternal  feeling 
and  brotherhood  among  them,  and  to  pro- 
mote moral  rectitude." 

The  Suoreme  Chapter  formed  in  1901  is 
the  legislative  body  and  meets  biennially. 
Representation  is  permitted  all  Subordinate 
Chapters  and  Alumni  Associations  from 
members  chosen  directly  from  the  active 
membership. 

The  official  publication  of  the  Fraternitv 
is  the  Quarterly,  published  since  1899. 

The  present  Supreme  Chapter  members, 
constituting  the  Board  of  Directors,  are  as 
follows : 


Dr.  H.  A.  Roan,  Supreme  President,  Min- 
neapolis, Minn. 

Dr.  J.  E.  Schaefer,  Supreme  1st  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Chicago,  111. 

Dr.  R.  E.  Luther,  Supreme  2d  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Dr.    C.    C.    Markey,    Supreme    Secretary- 
Treasurer,  Chicago,  111. 

Dr.  C.  L.  Storms,  Supreme  Editor,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

Members  of  Board: 

Dr.  A.  Hoffman,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  D.  W.  Adams,  Chicago,  111. 

Dr.  L.  M.  Waugh,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  V.  Nillson,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dr.  H.  B.  Pinney,  Chicago,  111. 

Active   membership   of   the    Subordinate 

Chapters    January    1,    1915,    720;    Alumni 

membership  approximately  6000. 

The  organization  of  the  Alumni  into  a 

National  body  with  State  and  local  compon- 
ent parts,  follows  the  lines  of  the  National 

Dental  Society.    At  present  there  are  fifteen 

such  component  societies. 

The  National  Alumni  Association  meets 

annually  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  Na- 
tional Dental  Society  meeting. 

The  officers  of  this  organization  for  the 

year  1914-15  are: 

President — Dr.     A.     J.     Bush,     Columbus. 
Ohio. 

Vice-President — Dr.    C.    O.    Simpson,    St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Secretary — Dr.   M.   R.   Eshelman,   Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

Treasurer — Dr.  F.  Lowe,  Rochester. 


^IT 


^^ 


HYGIENE,  DENTAL  PEDAGOGICS,  HISTOLOGICAL,    ANTHROPOLOGICAL 
AND   SCHOOL   CLINIC   EXHIBITS 

Main  Floor,  East  Wing 


New  York  City  Department  of  Health  Dis- 
play—by H.  L.  Wheeler.  Fifty-six  path- 
ological models  (colored),  and  fracture 
cases  from  patients  in  the  Bellevue  and 
Allied  Hospitals.  Models  from  tubercu- 
lous children  at  the  Sea  Breeze  Hospital, 
Coney  Island.  Models  of  syphilitic  and 
cleft-palate  cases.  Wax  models  of 
healthy  and  diseased  teeth  (imported). 

Anthropological  Display — by  J.  Leon  Wil- 
liams. Models  of  the  anthropoid  ape, 
the  Piltdown  skull,  and  modern  man. 

Pedagogical  Unit  for  Dental  Colleges  and 
Offices,  Orthodontia  Models — by  J.  P. 
Corley. 

College  exhibits  from  the  Dental  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Paris,  France, 
and  School  of  Dentistry,  of  Lyons, 
France. 

Models,  photographs  and  literature  from 
the  Dental  College  of  Bogota,  Colombia, 
South  America. 


Mouth  Hygiene  Exhibit  of  the  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  Dental  Society. 

Photographs  and  literature  of  the  Forsyth 
Dental  Infirmary,  Boston,  Mass. 

United  States  Army  Field  Dental  Equip- 
ment. Exhibit  in  charge  of  G.  H.  Casa- 
day,  Dental  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army. 

Moving  pictures,  entitled  "Oral  Health," 
loaned  by  the  Oral  Hygiene  Committee 
of  the  Dental  Society  of  the  State  of 
New  York. 

Stereoptican  views  on  Oral  Hygiene  and 
Pathological  Subjects,  from  the  New 
York  City  Department  of  Health. 

Exhibits  by  Dental  Fraternities. 

Space  for  the  Alumni  Association  of  the 
Dental  Department  of  the  University  of 
California. 

U.  S.  Navy  Dental  Corps  Exhibit. 


•ab 


Nor  love,  nor  honor,  wealth  nor  pow' 
Can  give  the  heart  a  cheerful  hour 
When  health  is  lost.    Be  timely 
With  health  all  taste  of  pleasure  flies. 
—Gay,  Fables,  Pt.  1 


Program  of  Papers  by  Sections 

SECTION    I 

Anatomy — Physiology — Histology 

Meeting  Place,  Third  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 
I.  Norman  Broomell,  Chairman,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

W.  H.  G.  Logan,  Vice-Chairman,  Chicago,  111. 
Malcolm  Goddard,  Secretary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Address — by  the  Chairman,  I.  Norman 
Broomell. 

Paper — "The  Practical  Application  of  the 
Histology  of  the  Peridental  Membrane" 
—by  F.  C.  Friesell,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Discussed  by  Lxuman  M.  Waugh,  New 
York  City;  George  T.  Williams,  Seattle, 
Wash.;  and  Arthur  D.  Black,  Chicago, 
111. 


Paper — "Research  on  the  Resistance  of  the 
Red  Corpuscles  of  the  Blood  of  the  Hu- 
man Gums  (Normal  and  PathologicaH 
to  the  Dihited  Salt  Solutions" — by  Ar- 
rigo  Piperno,  Rome,  Italy. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "A  Study  on  the  Minute  Structures 
of  Dentine,  Especially  on  the  Relation  be- 
tween the  Dentinal  Fibrils  and  Tubules" 
by  Kanae  Hanazawa. 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915,  9 :00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Sinuses  of  the  Head"- 
E.  Burns,  Seattle,  Wash. 


-by  Arthur     Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Resistance   and   Dental   Diseases" 
— by  Percy  R.  Howe,  Boston,  Mass. 


Paper — "Changes  Produced  in  the  Circu- 
lation by  Nitrous  Oxid — Oxygen" — by 
Theodore  D.  Casto,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Monday,  September  6,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Paper — "Anomalies  in  Dental  Pulp  Struc- 
ture and  Their  Relation  to  Clinical 
Work" — by  V.  A.  Latham,  Chicago,  111. 

Discussed  by  J.  R.  Callahan ;  M.  L.  Rhein, 
New  York. 

Paper  (illustrated) — Brief  synopsis  of  Pa- 
per entitled,  "Investigation  of  Mottled 
Teeth ;  an  Endemic  Affection  of  the 
Enamel  of  the  Teeth  Not  Heretofore 
Known" — by  Frederick  S.  McKay,  Colo- 


rado Springs,  Colo.,  in  collaboration  with 
G.  V.  Black,  Chicago,  111. 

Discussed  by  I.  Norman  Broomell,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.;  Frederick  B.  Noyes,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Paper — "The  Evolution  and  Development 
of  the  Mandible" — by  Martin  Dewey, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


SECTION    II 

Etiology,  Eadiography,  Pathology  and  Bacteriology 

Meeting  Place,  Third  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 

Frederick  Bogue  Noyes,  Chairman,  Chicago,  111. 

R.  H.  HoFHEiNz,  Vice-Chairman,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

W.  H.  Renwick,  Secretary,  Sacramento,  Cal. 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 
Chairman,     Frederick      Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Address  —  by    the 
Bogue  Noyes. 


Paper — "The  Value  of  Bacterial  Vaccines 
in  the  Treatment  of  Pyorrhea" — ^by 
George  Bailey  Harris,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Paper — "Radiographic  Studies  of  the  An- 
trum"— by  Martin  Dewey  and Skin- 
ner, Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Paper — "Radiography  in  Dentistry  and 
Orthodontia" — by  A.  H.  Ketcham  and 
Ira  C.  Brownlie,  both  of  Denver,  Colo. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Differentiation  of  the  Radiograph- 
ical  Appearance  of  Normal  and  Abnormal 


Tissues  as  an  Aid  to  Dental  Diagnosis" — 
by  Noboru  Teruuchi. 

Paper — "The  Etiology  of  Dental  Abscess, 
Acute  and  Chronic" — by  Thos.  B.  Hart- 
zell,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 

Paper    (illustrated) — "Oral  Sepsis  as  Re-  Paper — "Concerning  Mouth   Infections   as 

lated  to  Systemic  Diseases" — by  W.  H.  Related   to    Systemic    Disease"  —  by    S. 

Strietmann,  Oakland,  Cal.  Mark  White,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received).  Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Radiographic  Study  of  the  Attach- 
ment of  Teeth  of  Lower  Animals" — by 
Martin  Dewey,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


%¥ 


yPTfi^T 


Paper — "Pathological  Conditions  Found  in 
the  Mouths  of  Some  Children" — by  M. 
Evangeline  Jordan,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Discussed  by  Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chicago, 
111.,  and  H.  G.  Chappel,  Oakland,  Cal. 


i^^ 


Meeting  Place,  Third  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 

M.  L.  Ward,  Chairman,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Henry  H.  Boom,  Vice-Chairman,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

H.  A.  TucKEY,  Secretary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Address  —  by    the    Chairman,    Marcus 
Ward. 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 

L.      Paper — "The  Effect  of  Heat  on  Fillings, 
Crowns,  Bridges,  Dentures,  Etc.,  in  the 


Paper — "Some  Refractive  Materials  Used 
in  Dentistry" — by  Guy  S.  Millberry,  San 
Francisco. 

Discussed  by  John  E.  Gurley,  San  Fran- 
cisco. 


Oral  Cavity,  as  Demonstrated  in  the  Re- 
duction to  Ashes  of  the  Human  Body  by 
Incineration" — by  Louis  Ottofy,  Manila, 
P.  I. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Affinity  of  Metals  for  Each  Other 
in  the  Molten  Condition,  as  Shown  in 
Platinum  and  Lead,  and  This  Principle 
Applied  to  Making  Solders" — by  A.  P. 
Fellows,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 
Paper — "An  Investigation  of  the  Charac- 


ter of  the  Various  Dental  Cements" — ^by 
Marcus  L.  Ward,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Acidimetric  Study  of  the  Saliva 
and  Its  Relation  to  Diet  and  Caries" — 
by  John  A.  Marshall,  Berkeley,  Cal. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


SECTION    IV 

Oral  Hygiene  and  Prophylaxis 

Meeting  Place,  Third  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 

Herdert  L.  Wheeler,  Chairman,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

W.  W.  Belcher,  Vice-Chairman,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Robert  W.  Hall,  Secretary,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 

Address— by    the    Chairman,    Herbert    L.      Discussed  by— (Names  not  received). 

^^^^'^^'  Paper— "The  Care  of  Children's  Teeth"- 

Paper — "Dentistry    in    Public    Institutions  by  Mattie  K.  Weyman,  Seattle,  Wash. 
(Insane)" — by   Frederick   Keys,   Boston, 

Mass.  Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


^<gX 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "The  Value  of  Oral  Hygiene  Lec- 
tures to  the  Public  and  the  Responsibili- 
ties of  the  Dental  Profession  in  Relation 
to  this  Work"— by  Thaddeus  P.  Hyatt. 
New  York  City. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "The  Next  Steps  in  the  Develop- 

Priday,  September 

Paper — "The  Educational  Value  of  Oral 
Hygiene  in  the  .A.rmy" — by  Edwin  P. 
Tignor,  U.  S.  A. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Report  on  Dental  Clinical  Work 
in  the  Hospitals,  Schools  and  Prisons  in 
Manila,  P.  I." — by  Louis  Ottofy,  Manila. 
P.  L 


ment  of  Oral  Hygiene  .\mong  School 
Children"  —  by  Edwin  S.  Brown,  New 
York  City. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Municipal  Clinics" — by  Matthew 
Carney,  New  York  City. 

5,  ini.j,  9:00  a.  in. 
Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Making  the  Exposed  Tooth  Sur- 
faces Slippery — An  Appeal  to  General 
Practitioners" — by  Leander  Van  Orden, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Discussed  by  J.  M.  Whitney,  Honolulu, 
T.   H. ;  Frank  Skinner,  Chicago,  111. 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "The  Agencies  in  Ohio  Co-operat- 
ing in  a  General  Oral  Hygiene  Educa- 
tional Campaign" — by  Homer  C.  Brown, 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper  —  "Hygiene  of  the  Bucco-Dental 
Cavity  as  an  Important  Auxiliary  for  the 
Prophylaxis  of  Incipient  Bucco-Pulmon- 


ary  Tuberculosis" — by  Ernesto  A.  Dam. 
Lima,  Peru. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "The  Importance  of  Mouth  Hy- 
giene During  Infancy  and  Early  Child- 
hood"— by  Horace  Howe,  Boston,  Mass. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


SECTION    V 

Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics 

Meeting  Place,  Fourth  Floor,  West  Wing 


Committee 
P.  Buckley,  Chairman,  Chicago, 


Carl  D.  Lucas,  Vice-Chairman,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Frank  C.  Pe.\rn,  Secretary,  Portland,  Ore. 


Thursday,  September 

Address — by  the  Chairman,  J.  P.  Buckley. 

Paper — "Pain,  Its  Significance  and  Value 
as  a  Diagnostic  Symptom,  Its  Advan- 
tages and  Disadvantages,  and  the  Im- 
portance of  Its  Alleviation  and  Preven- 
tion"— by  E.  T.  Loeffler,  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich. 


2,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 

Discussed    by    J.    V.    Conzett,    Dubuque, 
Iowa;  H.  B.  Tileston,  Chicago,  111. 

Paper — "Superstitions  of  Dental  Medicine" 
— by  Garrett  Newkirk,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Discussed  by  G.  H.  Walker,  Los  Angeles,. 
Cal. ;  Frank  I.  Shaw,  Seattle,  Wash. 


Paper— "Bad  Root  Canal  Work  — What 
Shall  We  Do  About  It  ?"— by  Howard  R. 
Raper,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Discussed  by  C.  N.  Johnson,  Chicago,  111.; 
R.  Ottolingui,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Oral  Surgery 

Meeting  Place,  Fourth  Floor,  West  Wing 

.Committee 

Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chairman,  Chicago,  111. 

Adolph  Bernhart  Baer,  Vice-Chairman,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

E.  S.  Barnes,  Secretary,  Washington 

Tiicsday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Address — by    the    Chairman,    Truman    W. 

Brophy,  Chicago,  111. 
Paper — "Necrosis  of  the  Maxillary  Bones" 

— by  Henry  Sage  Dunning,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 


Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 
Paper — "Radium  Treatment  in  Carcinoma 

of   the   Mouth" — ^by  Oscar   A.    Strauss, 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Thursday,  September  2,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "A  Few  Thoughts  on  the  Compara- 
tive Anatomy  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus,  Its 
Relation  to  the  Teeth,  Mandibular  Ar- 
ticulation and  Alimentary  System" — by 
Mathew  H.  Cryer,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Discussed  by— (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "The  Surgical  Treatment  of  Con- 


genital Cleft  Palate"- 
man,  Detroit,  Mich. 


by  Chas.  H.  Oak- 
Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "The  X-Ray  in  Oral  Surgery" — by 
Howard  R.  Raper,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "Regeneration  of  Bone" — by  Thos. 
B.   Hartzell,   Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Surgical  Treatment  of  the  An- 
trum of  Highmore" — by  Adolph  B.  Baer, 
San   Francisco,  Cal. 


Friday,  September  3,  1915,  9  :00  a.  m. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "Interdependence  of  the  Rhinolo- 
gist  and  Oral  Surgeon" — by  Thomas  E. 
Carmody,  Denver,  Colo. 


Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


^^1 


m 


i 


I" 


'Chronic    Peridental    Infections- 
lue  of   Blood   Examination  as 


Truman  W.  Brophy  will  read  a  paper 
before  the  Surgical  Section  of  the  San 
Francisco  County  Medical  Society  in  the 
evening  on  the  above  date,  at  the  rooms  of 
the  Society  in  the  Butler  Building,  Stock- 
ton and  Geary  Streets. 

An   invitation   to  attend   is   extended 
the  dental  profession. 


IVednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "General  Infections  of  Oral  Ori- 
gin"— by  Harry  P.  Carlton,  Oakland, 
Cal. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "A  Case  of  Acromegaly" — by  Pehr 
Gadd,  Helsingfors,  Finland. 

'Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Osteoplastic  Lengthening  of  the 
Lower  Jaw  in  Micronathy  According  to 
von  Eiselberg's  Method" — by  Hj.  von 
Bornsdorff,  Helsingfors,   Finland. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper  —  "The    Therapeutics    of    Radicular 

and  Follicular  Dental  Cysts" — by  Rudolf 
Weiser,  Vienna,  Austria. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Etiology  and  Treatment  of  Oral 
Tumors" — by  Fulton  Risdon,  Toronto, 
Canada. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Nerve  Blocking;  Its  Use  in  Op- 
erative Dentistry  and  Oral  Surgery" — by 
B.  R.  East,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Under  the  direction  of  the  Committee  on 
Oral  Surgery,  the  following  men  will  op- 
erate during  the  congress  at  hospitals  to  be 
selected  and  named  later.  Announcement 
of  these  clinics  will  be  in  the  Daily  Bulle- 
tin, giving  all  details  as  to  place,  time  and 
operation. 


E.  S.  Barnes,  Seattle.  W.  L.  Shearer,  Omaha. 

Henry  Sage  Dunning,  New  York.  H.  C.  Miller,  Portland,  Ore. 

Adolph  B.  Baer,  San  Francisco.  Truman  W.  Brophy,  Chicago. 

W.  H.  G.  Logan,  Chicago.  M.  N.  Federspiel,  Milwaukee. 

A.  T.  Rasmussen,  La  Crosse,  Wis. 


=T^ 


Paper  (illustrated)— "The  Use  of  the  An- 
gle-Young Lock  and  Auxiliary  Wires  in 
Conjunction  with  the  New  Angle  Appli- 
ance"— by  A.  P.  Rogers,  Boston,  Mass. 


Friday,  September  3,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper  (illustrated) — "Further  Research  on 
the  Influence  of  the  Occlusal  Forces  on 
the  Development  of  the  Skull" — by  L. 
W.  Baker,  Boston,  Mass. 

Discussed  by  M.  H.  Eryer,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. ;  F.  B.  Noyes,  Chicago,  111. 

Paper  (illustrated) — "A  Method  of  Sur- 
veying and  Mapping  the  Dental  Appa- 
ratus"— by  F.  L.  Stanton  and  Dipl-ing 
Rudolph  Hanan. 

Discussed  by  Martin  Dewey,  Kansas  City. 


Paper — "An  Attempt  Towards  Automatic 
Correction"  —  by  L.  Subirana,  Madrid, 
Spain. 

Discussed  by  H.  C.  Pollack,  Kansas  City; 
S.  P.  Cameron,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Paper  (illustrated)— "A  Study  of  the  Ab- 
normal Overbite" — by  H.  A.  Pullen,  Buf- 
falo, N.  Y. 

Discussed  by  James  D.  McCoy,  Los  An- 
geles, Cal. ;  W.  J.  Brady,  Kansas  City, 
Mo. 


Monday,  September  6,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Paper — "Some  Practical  Uses  in  Dental 
Practice  for  Tungsten  and  Molybdenum" 
—by  W.  A.  Price,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Discussed  by  W.  E.  Wilson,  San  Diego, 
Cal. ;  D.  W.  Flint,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Paper  (illustrated)— "Dr.  E.  H.  Angle's 
New  Orthodontic  Appliances" — by  A.  H. 
Ketcham,  Denver,  Colo. 


•o:;^^^^ 


Discussed  by  E.  H.  Morehouse,  Spokane, 
Wash.;  John  R.  McCoy,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

Paper — "The  Advantage  of  Early  Treat- 
ment"— ^by  M.  T.  Watson,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Discussed  by  B.  Frank  Gray,  Colorado 
Springs,  Colo.;  W.  H.  Bolton,  Seattle, 
Wash. 


rr 


SECTION   VIII 

Operative  Dentistry 

Meeting  Place,  Fourth  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 
John  Sayre  Marshall,  Chairman,  Berkeley,  Cal. 
H.  E.  Friesell,  Vice-Chairman,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
E.  A.  Tripp,  Secretary,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Address — by  the  Chairman,  John  Sayre 
Marshall. 

Paper — "Zonatherapy"  (with  demonstra- 
tions)— by  W.  H.  Fitzgerald,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Discussed  by  Blake  A.  Sears,  Hartford, 
Conn. 


Paper  (illustrated) — "History  of  Operative 
Dentistry" — by  Charles  McManus,  Hart- 
ford, Conn. 

Discussed  by   (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Auto-Analgesia  and  Anesthesia" 
— by  S.  Towle,  Fall  River,  Mass. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915,  9 :00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Some  Prevalent  Errors  in  the  Es- 
thetic and  Technical  Phases  of  Operative 
Practice" — by  Clarence  O.  Simpson,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Discussed  by  John  V.  Conzett,  Dubuque, 
Iowa;  W.  D.  Tracy,  New  York,  N.  Y. ; 
F.  B.  Kremer,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Paper — "Non-Cohesive  Gold  Foil  as  a  Fill- 
ing Material" — by  F.  W.  Bliss,  Santa 
Cruz. 


Cisco;   Leander  Van   Orden,    San   Fran- 
cisco. 

Paper — "The  Sharpening  of  Instruments" 
— by  R.  B.  GifTen,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Operative  Procedure  in  Relation 
to  Dental  Caries  and  Diseases  of  the  In- 
vesting Tissues" — Arthur  D.  Black,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 


Discussed  by  W.  A.  L.  Knowles,  San  Fran-      Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Thursday,  September  2,  1915,  9:00  a.  m 

Paper— "The  Plantation  of  Teeth"— by  M 
J.  Congdon,  Berkeley,  Cal. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "Extracting  of  Deep-Lying  Roots 
of  Teeth  in  Cases  of  Hemophilia  and 
Gravidity"  (according  to  a  method  of 
his  own) — ^by  Th.  Weber,  Helsingfors, 
Finland. 


Paper  —  "The  Recessional  Lines  of  the 
Pulp  in  Their  Relation  to  Operative  Den- 
tistry"— by  H.  G.  Chappel,'  Oakland,  Cal. 

Discussed  by  Geo.  T.  Williams,  Seattle, 
Wash. ;  G.  M.  Crow,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Paper — "Electricity  as  an  Aid  to  Diagno- 
sis"— by  A.  C.  Wherry,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah. 


Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


1 

s. 

'"^^yj'  I 


IN   THE  RED   FOREST 

Giant  Redwoods,  the  California  Sequoias,  found  nowhere  else  in  the  world,  in  the 
Santa  Cruz  Mountains  near  San  Francisco,  whose  folk-lore  is  largely  flsh  stories  and 
whose  knights  and  ladies  ride  on  gasoline  steeds  over  State  Highways. 


Jr^Ti^'"!^ 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915,  9 :00  a.  m. 


Paper  (illustrated) — "Restoration  of  the 
Masticatory  Functions  of  Molars  and  Bi- 
cuspids with  Carved  Gold  Inlays" — ^by  R. 
Ottolengui,  New  York  City. 

Discussed  by  A.  H.  Ketcham,  Denver, 
Colo.;  T.  H.  Hinman,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Paper  (illustrated) — "Technique  in  the 
Treatment  of  Pulp,  Root  Canal,  and 
Periapical  Areas" — by  M.  L.  Rhein,  New 
York  City. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "An  Ideal  Cement  for  Stopping 
Root  Canals" — by  Vincenzo  Guerini,  Na- 
ples, Italy. 

Discussed  by  R.  Ottolengui,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

Paper — "Peridental  Anesthesia,  Intraosse- 
ous Method" — Frank  L.  Piatt,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Discussed  by  Harry  P.  Carlton,  Oakland, 
Cal. ;  George  N.  Hein,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 


Monday,  September  G,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "The  Successful  Scientific  Treat- 
ment of  Peridental  Diseases" — T.  Sydney 
Smith,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Discussed  by  John  S.  Marshall,  San  Fran- 
cisco; H.  G.  Chappel,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Paper — "Those  Having  Pyorrhea  Alveo- 
laris  Can  Be  Cured,  But  None  of  Our 
Patients  Need  Have  This  Disease" — 
Robin  Adair,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Discussed  by  Frank  C.  Pague,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. ;  E.  A.  Lundy,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. ;  Austin  F.  James,  Chicago,  111. 


Paper — "Pyorrhea  Alveolaris,  Showing  the 
Pathological  Changes  Occurring  in  the 
Alveolus,  Based  on  Microscopic  Observa- 
tion"— by  Frederick  Hecker,  Kansas 
City,  Mo. 

Discussed  by  Austin  F.  James,  Chicago, 
111. ;  Thomas  B.  Hartzell,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. ;  Louis  Meisburger,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Paper — "Emetin  Hydrochlorid  and  Autog- 
enous Vaccines  in  the  Treatment  of  Py- 
orrhea Alveolaris" — by  C.  E.  Frasier, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Arthritis  Deformans  Due  to  Py- 
orrhea Alveolaris  and  Faulty  Bridge 
Work" — ^^by  Harry  A.  Goldberg,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 


Discussed  by  Carolyn  Rosenberg,  New 
York,  N.  Y. ;  Harry  Sherman,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 


l1 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  Continued 

Paper— "Mental  and  Co-operative  Prophy-  Discussed  by— ("Names  not  received) 

laxis" — by    C.    Smith    Long,    Portland, 

Ore.  Paper— "Emetin  vs.  Surgery  in  the  Treat- 
Discussed    by    Claude    Adams,    Portland,  ;?3^"^    °^    Pyorrhea"  — by    Thomas    B. 

Ore.;  J.  C.  Jones,  Portland,  Ore.  Hartzell,  Mmneapolis,  Minn. 

Paper— "Pyorrhea  Alveolaris"— by  John  S.  Discussed  by  John  V.  Conzett,  Dubuque 

Engs,  Oakland,  Cal.  Iowa. 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


i^"^      Paper— "Pyorrhea  and  the  Emetin  Treat- 
ment"— by  H.  I.  Horner,  Richmond,  Cal. 


Discussed  by  T.  Sydney  Smith,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.;  Henry  Miller,  Sacramento, 
Cal. 

Paper — "The  Endameba  Buccalis  as  Seen 
Through  the  Microscope"  (illustrated  by 
moving-picture  film  and  lantern) — by  H. 
Page  Bailey,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Discussed  by  Frederick  Bogue  Noyes,  Chi- 
cago, 111.;  T.  Sydney  Smith,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 

Paper — "The  Technique  and  Instrumenta- 
tion in  Prophylaxis  and  Pyorrhea"  (illus- 
trated by  moving-picture  film) — by  Max- 
well M.  Dixon,  Los  Angeles. 

Discussed  by  Frank  C.  Pague,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.;  Harry  C.  Peters,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 


SECTION    IX 

Prosthesis 

Meeting  Place,  Fourth  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 

Ellison  Hillyer,  Chairman,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

F.  W.  Hergert,  Vice-Chairman,  Seattle,  Wash. 

C.  O.  Edwards,  Secretary,  Oakland,  Cal. 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915,  9  :00  a.  m. 


Address — by  the  Chairman,  Ellison  Hillyer. 

Paper — "Impression  Material  and  Impres- 
sions"— by  George  H.  Wilson,  Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Discussed  by  F.  W.  Hergert,  Seattle, 
Wash. ;  C.  J.  R.  Engstrom,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. 

Paper — "Artificial  Restorations  in  Palatal 
Defects"— by  V.  E.  Mitchell,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 


Discussed  by  W.  H.  O.  McGehee,  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio ;  H.  S.  Haslett,  Pittsburg,  Pa. ; 
Henry  S.  Dunning,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Paper — "Sensible  Porcelain  Crowns" — by 
J.  Melville  Thompson. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Principles  of  Kitami's  Rubber 
Plate  Work" — ^by  Yukimasa  Kitami. 


\1 


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I 


Monday,  September  C,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Technique  for  Making  Impres- 
sions and  Models  for  the  Construction 
of  Artificial  Dentures"  (each  step  taken 
to  be  demonstrated  by  motion  pictures) 
—by  W.  A.  Giffen,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Crown  and  Bridge" — by  H.  J. 
Goslee,  Chicago,  111. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "Some  Fundamental  Things  in 
Dental  Prosthesis" — by  J.  Leon  Williams, 
London,  England. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "The  Normal  Arch  in  Prosthodon- 
tia" — by  J.  Leon  Williams,  London,  Eng 

Discussed  by  (Names  not  received). 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper— "A  Plea  for  a  Better  Understand- 
ing of  the  Morphology  of  the  Human 
Face  as  Applied  to  Dental  Prosthesis" 
— ^by  Joseph  Nalin,  Montreal,  Canada. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Some  Phases  of  Vulcanite  Work" 
—by  H.  S.  Haslett,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Discussed  by  C.  J.  R.  Engstrom,  Los  An- 
geles, Cal. ;  Justin  E.  Nyce,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. ;  Edward  Kennedy. 


Paper — "Comparative  Crowns  and  Bridges" 
— by  W.  O.  Hulick,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Discussed  by  H.  J.  Goslee,  Chicago,  111.; 
James  Libbey,  Pittsburg,  Pa. ;  Hugh  Mc- 
Millan, Roseville,  111. 

Paper — "Prehistoric  Man,  with  Special  Ref- 
erence to  His  Jaws  and  Teeth" — by  J. 
Leon  Williams,  London,  Eng. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Paper — "Some  Grave  Errors  in  the  Prac- 
tice of  Crown  and  Bridge  Work" — by 
Vincenzo  Guerini,  Naples,  Italy. 

Discussed  by  A.  W.  Jarman,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Paper — "Simple  Face  Bow,  for  Taking  the 
Anterior-Posterior  Length  of  the  Jaw" — 
by  Alexander  Manhood,  Santiago,  Chile. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper  —  "Home-Made  Interchangeable 
Teeth  for  Crown  and  Bridge  Work" — 
by  Alexander  Manhood,  Santiago,  Chile. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper  —  "The  Mechanical  Correction  of 
Cleft  Palate"— by  Calvin  S.  Case,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


This  is  the  way  that  physicians  mend  or  end  us, 
Secundum  artem :  but  although  we  sneer 

In  health— when  ill,  we  call  them  to  attend  us. 
Without  the  least  propensity  to  jeer. 

—Byron,  Don  Juan. 


SECTION    X 

Education,  Nomenclature,  Literature,  History,  Legislation 

Meeting  Place,  Fourth  Floor,  West  Wing 

Committee 

C.  N.  Johnson,  Chairman,  Chicago,  111. 

Homer  C.  Brown,  Vice-Chairman,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Henry  C.  Fixott,  Secretary,  Portland,  Ore. 

Thursday,  September  2,  1915,  9 :00  a.  m. 


i^ 


Address — by  the  Chairman,  C.  N.  Johnson, 
Chicago,  111. 


— by   Herbert    L.    Wheeler,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 


Paper— "The   Present   Status  of   Dentistry  Discussed  by— (Names  not  received), 
in   the   Philippines"  —  by    Louis   Ottofy, 

Manila,  P.  I.  Paper  (illustrated)— "Ex-Presidents  of  the 

Discussed  by-( Names  not  received).  American,  Southern  and  National  Dental 

■'  Associations  — by  J.  P.  Marshall. 

Paper — "Possible  Reforms  in  Our  Litera- 
ture,   Both    Periodical    and    Text-Book"  Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Friday,  September  3,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "Some  Suggestions  for  Securing 
Adequate  and  Uniform  Dental  Legisla- 
tion"— by  Homer  C.  Brown. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Commercialized  Education  and 
the  'Itinerant  Instructor'  " — by  Herbert 
J.  Samuels. 

Discussed  by  Guy  S.  Millberry,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal. 


Paper — "Preliminary  Educational  Qualifi- 
cations for  Entrance  to  Dental  Colleges" 
by  L.  L.  Barber,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Discussed  by  Herbert  C.  Miller,  Portland, 
Ore.;  Millard  Holbrook,  Portland,  Ore. 

Paper — "Aggressiveness  and  Protection  in 
Dental  Publicity" — by  Pearson  Du  Bose, 
Columbia,  S.  C. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Saturday,  September  4,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper  —  "Dental   Literature" 
Newkirk,  Pasadena,  Cal. 


by  Garrett 


Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper — "Report  on  Dental  Clinical  Work 
in  the  Hospitals,  Schools  and  Prisons  in 
Manila,  P.  I." — by  Louis  Ottofy,  Manila. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "An  Efficacious  Means  of  Teach- 
ing Dental  Students  the  Anatomy  of  the 
Teeth  and  Alveolus" — by  Vincenzo  Gue- 
rini,  Naples,  Italy. 

Paper — "The  Life  and  Works  of  Guisep- 
pangelo  Fonzis" — by  Vincenzo  Guerini, 
Naples,  Italy. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


s 


f|;-=:3Sf:^^ 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Paper — "The  Development  of  Dental  Serv- 
ice in  the  Navy" — by  Emory  A.  Bryant, 
U.  S.  Navy. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 

Paper  —  "Nomenclature"  —  by  Arthur  D. 
Black,  Chicago,  111. 

Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


Paper — "Dentistry  at  Penal  Institutions" 
(The  Dental  Department  at  San  Quentin 
Prison)— by  F.  V.  Simonton,  San  Quen- 


Discussed  by  S.  S.  Stanley,  San  Quentin; 
Burt  Ogburn.  Phoenix,  Ariz. 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9:00  a. 


Paper— "An  Office  Building  for  Dentists" 
—by  C.  W.  Dickey  (architect),  Oakland, 
Cal. 

Discussed  by  Joseph  Loran  Pease,  Oak- 
land, Cal. 

Paper — "Organization  of  the  Dental  Corps 


-by  G.  H. 


of  the  United  States  Army" 

Casaday,  U.  S.  Army. 
Discussed  by— (Names  not  received). 
Paper — "Dental    Society    Organizations" 

by  E.  S.  McCord,  Seattle,  Wash. 
Discussed  by — (Names  not  received). 


For  cleanliness  of  body  was  ever  esteemed  to  proceed  from  a  due  reverence  to  God,  to 
society,  and  to  ourselves.— Bacon,  Advancement  of  Learning. 


Echo  Lake,  above  Castle  Crags,  and  the  Sacramento  Canyon 


Daily  Program  of  Papers 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  9:00  a.  m. 


Address,  Frederick  Bogue  Noyes,  Sec.  II. 
"The  Value  of   Bacterial  Vaccines  in  the 

Treatment  of  Pyorrhea,"  George  Bailey 

Harris,  Sec.  II. 
"Radiographic    Studies    of    the    Antrum," 

Martin   Dewey   and    Frank    H.    Skinner, 

Sec.  II. 
Address,  Marcus  L.  Ward,  Sec.  III. 

"Some  Refractive  Materials  Used  in  Den- 
tistry," Guy  S.  Milberry.  Sec.  III. 

"The  Eflfect  of  Heat  on  Fillings,  Crowns, 
Bridges,  Dentures,  Etc.,  in  the  Oral  Cav- 
ity, as  Demonstrated  in  the  Reduction  to 
Ashes  of  the  Human  Body  by  Incinera- 
tion," Louis  Ottofy,  Sec.  III. 

"Dentistry  in  Public  Institutions  (Insane)," 
Frederick  Keys,  Sec.  IV. 


Address,  Herbert  L.  Wheeler,  Sec.  IV. 

"Care  of  Children's  Teeth,"  Mattie  K.  Wey- 
man.  Sec.  IV. 

Address,  Truman  W.  Brophy,  Sec.  VI. 

"Necrosis  of  the  Maxillary  Bones,"  Henry 
Sage  Dunning,  Sec.  VI. 

"Radium  Treatment  in   Carcinoma  of  the 
Mouth,"  Oscar  A.  Strauss,  Sec.  VI. 

Address,  John  Sayre  Marshall,  Sec.  VIII. 

"Zonatherapy"    (with    demonstration),   W. 
H.  Fitzgerald,  Sec.  VIII. 

"History   of    Operative    Dentistry"    (illus- 
trated), Charles  McManus,  Sec.  Vllt. 

"Auto  -  Analgesia     and     Anesthesia,"    S. 
Towle,  Sec.  VIII. 


Wednesday,  September  1,  191.5,  9:00  a. 


Address,  I.  Norman  Broomell,  Sec.  I. 

"The  Practical  Application  of  the  Histol- 
ogy of  the  Peridental  Membrane,"  F.  C. 
Friesell,  Sec.  I. 

"Research  on  the  Resistance  of  the  Red 
Corpuscles  of  the  Blood  of  the  Human 
Gums  (Normal  and  Pathological)  to  the 
Diluted  Salt  Solutions,"  Arrigo  Piperno, 
Sec.  I. 

"A  Study  on  the  Minute  Structures  of 
Dentine,  Especially  on  the  Relation  be- 
tween the  Dentinal  Fibrils  and  Tubules," 
Kanae  Hanazawa,  Sec.  I. 

"Radiography  in  Dentistry  and  Orthodon- 
tia," A.  H.  Ketcham  and  Ira  C.  Brown- 
lie,  Sec.  II. 

"Differentiation  of  the  Radiographical  Ap- 
pearance of  Normal  and  Abnormal," 
Noborn  Terunchi,  Sec.  II. 

'Affinity  of  Metals  for  Each  Other  in  the 
Molten  Condition,  as  Shown  in  Platinum 


and  Lead,  and  this  Principle  Applied  to 
Making  Solder,"  A.  P.  Fellows,  Sec.  III. 

'The  Value  of  Oral  Hygiene  Lectures  to 
the  Public  and  the  Responsibilities  of  the 
Dental  Profession  in  Relation  to  this 
Work,"  Thaddeus  P.  Hyatt,  Sec.  IV. 

'The  Next  Steps  in  the  Development  of 
Oral  Hygiene  Among  School  Children," 
Edwin  S.  Brown,  Sec.  IV. 

'Municipal  Clinics,"  Matthew  Carney,  Sec. 
IV. 

'Some  Prevalent  Errors  in  the  Esthetic 
and  Technical  Phases  of  Operative  Prac- 
tice," Clarence  O.  Simpson,  Sec.  VIII. 

'Non-Cohesive  Gold  Foil  as  a  Filling  Ma- 
terial," F.  W.  Bliss,  Sec.  VIII. 

'The  Sharpening  of  Instruments,"  R.  B. 
Giffen,  Sec.  VIII. 

'Operative  Procedure  in  Relation  to  Dental 
Caries  and  Diseases  of  the  Investing  Tis- 
sues," Arthur  D.  Black,  Sec.  VIII. 


p 


Address,  J.  P.  Buckley,  Sec.  V. 

"Pain,  Its  Significance  and  Value  as  a  Di- 
agnostic Symptom,  Its  Advantages  and 
Disadvantages,  and  the  Importance  of  Its 
Alleviation  and  Prevention,"  E.  T.  Loeff- 
ler,  Sec.  V. 

"Superstitions  of  Dental  Medicine,"  Gar- 
rett Newkirk,  Sec.  V. 

"The  Surgical  Treatment  of  Congenital 
Cleft  Palate,"  Chas.  H.  Oakman,  Sec. 
VI. 

"A  Few  Thoughts  on  the  Comparative 
Anatomy  of  the  Maxillary  Sinus,  Its  Re- 
lation to  the  Teeth,  Mandibular  Articu- 
lation and  Alimentary  System,"  Mathew 
H.  Cryer,  Sec.  VI. 

"What  Is  the  Line  of  Occlusion?"  (illus- 
trated), R.  Ottolingui,  Sec.  VII. 

"The  Use  of  the  Angle- Young  Lock  and 
Auxiliary  Wires  in  Conjunction  with  the 
New  Angle  Appliance"  (illustrated),  A. 
P.  Rogers,  Sec.  VII. 


"Extracting  of  Deep-Lying  Roots  of  Teeth 

in  Cases  of  Hemophilia  and  Gravidity" 
(according  to  a  method  of  his  own),  Th. 

Weber,  Sec.  VIII. 
"The  Recesional  Lines  of  the  Pulp  in  Their 

Relation  to  Operative  Dentistry,"  H.  G. 

Chappel,  Sec.  VIII. 
"Electricity  as  an  Aid  to  Diagnosis,"  A.  C. 

Wherry,  Sec.  VIII. 
Address,  C.  N.  Johnson,  Sec.  X. 
"The   Present   Status   of   Dentistry   in   the 

Philippines,"  Louis  Ottofy,  Sec.  X. 
"Possible  Reforms  in  Our  Literature,  Both 

Periodical  and  Text-Book,"   Herbert  L. 

Wheeler,  Sec.  X. 
"Ex-Presidents  of  the  American,  Southern 

and  National  Dental  Associations,"  J.  P. 

Marshall,  Sec.  X. 


Friday,  September  3,  1915,  9:00  a. 


'The  Educational  Value  of  Oral  Hygiene 
in  the  Army,"  Edwin  P.  Tignor,  Sec.  IV. 

'Report  on  Dental  Clinical  Work  in  the 
Hospitals,  Schools  and  Prisons  in  Manila, 
P.  I.,"  Louis  Ottofy,  Sec.  IV. 

'Making  the  Exposed  Tooth  Surfaces  Slip- 
pery— An  Appeal  to  General  Practition- 
ers," Leander  Van  Orden,  Sec.  IV. 

'Regeneration  of  Bone,"  Thos.  B.  Hartzell, 
Sec.  VI. 

'Surgical  Treatment  of  the  Antrum  of 
Highmore,"  Adolph  B.  Baer.  Sec.  VI. 

'Interdependence  of  the  Rhinologist  and 
Oral  Surgeon,"  Thomas  E.  Carmody, 
Sec.  VI. 

'Further  Research  on  the  Influence  of  the 
Occlusal  Forces  on  the  Development  of 
the  Skull"  (illustrated),  L.  W.  Baker, 
Sec.  VII. 

'An  Attempt  Towards  Automatic  Correc- 
tion," L.  Subirana,  Sec.  VII. 

''A  Study  of  the  Abnormal  Overbite"  (il- 
lustrated), H.  A.  Pullen,  Sec.  VII. 

"A  Method  of  Surveying  and  Mapping  the 


Dental  Apparatus"  (illustrated),  F.  L. 
Stanton  and  Dipl-ing  Rudolph  Hanan, 
Sec.  VII. 

"Informal  Talk  on  Inlays,"  E.  S.  Tracy, 
Sec.  VIII. 

"Root  Canals,  Their  Treatment,  Prepara- 
tion and  Filling,"  F.  W.  Gethro,  Sec. 
VIII. 

"Anoci  Association  in  Dental  Operations," 
Richard  Reithmiller,  Sec.  VIII. 

"System  Versus  Empirical  Methods  in  Op- 
erative Procedure,"  Fred  E.  Hart,  Sec. 
VIII. 

"Some  Suggestions  for  Securing  Adequate 
and  Uniform  Dental  Legislation,"  Homer 
C.  Brown,  Sec.  X. 

"Commercialized  Education  and  the  'Itiner- 
ant Instructor,' "  Herbert  J.  Samuels, 
Sec.  X. 

"Preliminary  Educational  Qualifications  for 
Entrance  to  Dental  Colleges,"  L.  L.  Bar- 
ber, Sec.  X. 

"Aggressiveness  and  Protection  in  Dental 
Publicity,"  Pearson  Du  Bose,  Sec.  X. 


Daily  Program  of  Papers 


Saturday,  September  4,   1915,   9 :00  a.  m. 


'Sinuses  of  the  Head,"  Arthur  E.  Burns, 
Sec.  I. 

"Resistance  and  Dental  Diseases,"  Percy  R. 
Howe,  Sec.  I. 

"Changes  Produced  in  the  Circulation  by 
Nitrous  Oxid-Oxygen,"  Theodore  D. 
Casto,  Sec.  I. 

'The  Agencies  in  Ohio  Co-operating  in  a 
General  Hygiene  Educational  Campaign," 
Homer  C.  Brown,  Sec.  IV. 

'Hygiene  of  the  Bucco-Dental  Cavity  as  an 
Important  Auxiliary  for  the  Prophylaxis 
of  the  Incipient  Bucco-Pulmonary  Tu- 
berculosis," Ernesto  A.  Dam,  Sec.  IV. 

'The  Importance  of  Mouth  Hygiene  Dur- 
ing Infancy  and  Early  Childhood," 
Horace  Howe,  Sec.  IV. 

'An  Ideal  Cement  for  Stopping  Root 
Canals,"  Vincenzio  Guerini,  Sec.  VIII. 

'Peridental  Anesthesia,  Intraosseous  Meth- 
od," Frank  L.  Piatt,  Sec.  VIII. 

'Technique  in  the  Treatment  of  Pulp,  Root 
Canal  and  Periapical  Areas"  (illustrat- 
ed), M.  L.  Rhein,  Sec.  VIII. 


"Restoration  of  the  Masticatory  Functions 

of    Molars   and    Bicuspids    with    Carved 

Gold  Inlays"  (illustrated),  R.  Ottolengui, 

Sec.  VIII. 
Address,  Ellison  Hillyer,  Sec.  IX. 
"Impression    Material    and    Impressions," 

George  H.  Wilson,  Sec.  IX. 
"Artificial  Restorations  in  Palatal  Defects," 

V.  E.  Mitchell,  Sec.  IX. 
"Sensible    Porcelain   Crowns,"    J.    Melville 

Thompson,  Sec.  IX. 
"Principles    of    Kitami's    Rubber    Plate 

Work,"  Yukimasa  Kitami,  Sec.  IX. 
"Dental  Literature,"  Garrett  Newkirk,  Sec. 

X. 
"Report   on   Dental   Clinical   Work   in   the 

Hospitals,  Schools  and  Prisons  in  Manila, 

P.  I.,"  Louis  Ottofy,  Sec.  X. 
"An  Efficacious  Means  of  Teaching  Dental 

Students  the  Anatomy  of  the  Teeth  and 

Alveolus,"  Vincenzo  Guerini,  Sec.  X. 
"The   Life   and   Works   of   Guiseppangelo 

Fonzis,"  Vincenzo  Guerini,  Sec.  X. 


Monday.  September  6,  1915,  9  :00  a.  m. 


"Anomalies  in  Dental  Pulp  Structure  and 
Their  Relation  to  Clinical  Work,"  V.  A. 
Latham,  Sec.  I. 

Brief  synopsis  of  paper  entitled,  "Investiga- 
tion of  Mottled  Teeth ;  an  Endemic  Af- 
fection of  the  Enamel  of  the  Teeth  Not 
Heretofore  Known"  (illustrated),  Fred- 
erick S.  McKay,  in  collaboration  with  G. 
V.  Black.  Sec.  I. 

"The  Evolution  and  Development  of  the 
Mandible,"  Alartin  Dewey,  Sec.  I. 

"Conductive  Anesthesia."  Arthur  E.  Smith, 
Sec.  V. 

"Surgery  of  Chronic  Alveolar  Abscesses," 
J.  F.  Biddle,  Sec.  V. 

"Bad  Root  Canal  Work— What  Shall  We 
Do  About  It?"  Howard  R.  Paper,  Sec.  V. 

"Some  Practical  Uses  in  Dental  Practice 
for  Tungsten  and  Molybdenum,"  W.  A. 
Price,  Sec.  VII. 

"Dr.  E.  H.  Angle's  New  Orthodontic  Ap- 
pliances" (illustrated).  A.  H.  Ketcham, 
Sec.  VII. 

"The  Advantages  of  Early  Treatment," 
M.  T.  Watson,  Sec.  VII. 


"The  Successful  Scientific  Treatment  of 
Peridental  Diseases,"  T.  Sydney  Smith, 
Sec.  VIII. 

"Those  Having  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris  Can 
Be  Cured,  but  None  of  Our  Patients 
Need  Have  This  Disease,"  Robin  Adair, 
Sec.  VIII. 

"Pyorrhea  Alveolaris,  Showing  the  Patho- 
logical Changes  Occurring  in  the  Alveo- 
lus, Based  on  Microscopic  Observation," 
Frederick  Hecker,  Sec.  VIII. 

"Emetin  Hydrochlorid  and  Autogenous 
Vaccines  in  the  Treatment  of  Pvorrhea 
Alveolaris,"  C.  E.  Frasier,  Sec.  VIII. 

"Technique  for  Making  Impressions  and 
Models  for  the  Construction  of  Artificial 
Dentures"  (each  step  taken  to  be  demon- 
strated by  motion  pictures),  W.  A.  Gif- 
fen.  Sec.  IX. 

"Crown  and  Bridge,"  H.  J.  Goslee,  Sec.  IX. 

"Some  Fundamental  Things  in  Dental  Pros- 
thesis," J.  Leon  Williams,  Sec.  IX. 

"The  Normal  Arch  in  Prosthodontia,"  J. 
Leon  Williams,  Sec.  IX. 


Tuesday,  September  7,  1915,  9 :00 


"Oral  Sepsis  as  Related  to  Systemic  Dis- 
eases," W.  H.  Strietmann,  Sec.  II. 

"Concerning  Mouth  Infections  as  Related 
to  Systemic  Diseases,"  S.  Mark  White, 
Sec.  II. 

"On  Shot  Fractures  of  Jaw  Bones,"  Ru- 
dolph Weiser,  Sec.  VI. 

'Chronic  Peridental  Infections — The  Value 
of  Blood  Examination  as  a  Diagnostic 
Aid,"  W.  H.  G.  Logan,  Sec.  VI. 

'The  Surgical  Treatment  of  Trigeminal 
Neuralgia,"  Harry  M.  Sherman,  Sec.  VI. 

'Arthritis  Deformans  Due  to  Pyorrhea  Al- 
veolaris  and  Faulty  Bridge  Work,"  Harry 
A.  Goldberg.  Sec.  VIII. 

'Mental  and  Co-operative  Prophylaxis,"  C. 
Smith  Long,  Sec.  VIII. 

'Pyorrhea  Alveolaris,"  John  S.  Engs,  Sec. 
VIII. 


"Emetin  vs.  Surgery  in  the  Treatment  of 
Pyorrhea,"  Thomas  B.  Hartzell,  Sec 
VIII. 

"A  Plea  for  a  Better  Understanding  of  the 
Morphology  of  the  Human  Face  as  Ap- 
plied to  Dental  Prosthesis,"  Joseph  Nalin, 
Sec.  IX. 

"Some  Phases  of  Vulcanite  Work,"  H.  S. 
Haslett,  Sec.  IX. 

"Comparative  Crowns  and  Bridges,"  W.  O. 
Hulick,  Sec.  IX. 

"Prehistoric  Man,  with  Special  Reference 
to  His  Jaws  and  Teeth,"  J.  Leon  Wil- 
liams, Sec.  IX. 

"The  Development  of  Dental  Service  in 
the  Navy,"  Emory  A.  Bryant,  Sec.  X. 

"Nomenclature,"  Arthur  D.  Black,  Sec.  X. 

"Dentistry  at  Penal  Institutions"  (the  Den- 
tal Department  at  San  Quentin  Prison), 
F.  V.  Simonton,  Sec.  X. 


Wednesday,  September  8,  1915,  9  :00  a.  m. 


"Radiographic  Study  of  the  Attachment  of 
Teeth  of  Lower  Animals,"  Martin 
Dewey,  Sec.  II. 

'Pathological  Conditions  Found  in  the 
Mouths  of  Some  Children,"  M.  Evange- 
line Jordan,  Sec.  II. 

'General  Infections  of  Oral  Origin,"  Harry 
P.  Carlton,  Sec.  VI. 

'A  Case  of  Acromegaly,"  Pehr  Gadd,  Sec. 
VI. 

'Osteoplastic  Lengthening  of  the  Lower 
Jaw  in  Micronathy  According  to  Von 
Eiselberg's  Method,"  Hj.  von  Bornsdorff. 

'The  Therapeutics  of  Radicular  and  Fol- 
licular Dental  Cysts,"  Rudolf  Weiser. 
Sec.  VI. 

'Etiology  and  Treatment  of  Oral  Tumors," 
Fulton  Risdon,  Sec.  VI. 

"Nerve  Blocking;  Its  Use  in  Operative 
Dentistry  and  Oral  Surgery,"  B.  R.  East, 
Sec.  VI. 

'Pyorrhea  and  the  Emetin  Treatment,"  H. 
I.  Horner,  Sec.  VIII. 

"The  Endameba  Buccalis  as  Seen  Through 


the  Microscope"  (illustrated  by  moving- 
picture  film  and  lantern),  H.  Page  Bailey, 
Sec.  VIII. 

"The  Technique  and  Instrumentation  in 
Prophylaxis  and  Pyorrhea"  (illustrated 
by  moving-picture  film).  Maxwell  M. 
Dixon,  Sec.  VIII. 

"Some  Grave  Errors  in  the  Practice  of 
Crown  and  Bridge  Work."  Vincenzio 
Guerini,  Sec.  IX. 

"Simple  Face  Bow,  for  Taking  the  An- 
terior-Posterior Length  of  the  Jaw," 
Alexander  Manhood,  Sec.  IX. 

"Home-Made  Interchangeable  Teeth  for 
Crown  and  Bridge  Work,"  Alexander 
Manhood,  Sec.  IX. 

"The  Mechanical  Correction  of  Cleft  Pal- 
ate," Calvin  S.  Case,  Sec.  IX. 

"An  Office  Building  for  Dentists."  C.  W. 
Dickey,  Sec.  X. 

"Organization  of  the  Dental  Corps  of  the 
United  States  Army,"  Sec.  X. 

"Dental  Society  Organizations,"  E.  S.  Mc- 
Cord,  Sec.  X. 


Magazit 

JUNh,  SONGS  IN  THE  SIERRA 

The  Sierra  Nevada  forms  the  eastern  wall  of  the  wide  San  Joaquin  valley.    On  its  cold  crown  lies  a  rim  of  gladera. 

Forests  of  sugar  puie  and  silver  fir  cover  its  slopes,  feeding  the  lumber  man  and  the  mills  of  grand  rapids. 

The  gigantic  Sequoia  rises  abo%e  the  pines  and  the  Yosemite,  drawing  upward  an  endless  stream 

of  H  orshipers  from  all  the  w  orld,  sends  down  a  singing  stream  of  water  to  feed  the  ditches 

far  below 


Argue,  J.  E.,  clinic. 
Atwood,  W.  A.,  clinic. 
Adair,  Robin,  paper,  clinic. 
Avary,  Hugh,  clinic. 
Ayres,  Chas.  S.,  clinic. 
Batkin,  Fred,  clinic. 
Bean,  Geo.  L.,  clinic. 
Bridges,  J.  S.,  clinic. 
Baker,  James  B.,  clinic. 
Bogue,  Edward  A.,  clinic. 
Boisol,  Joseph  W.,  clinic. 
Bartlett,  U.  S.,  clinic. 
Baker,  R.  Clifton,  clinic. 
Bischoff,  J.  M.,  clinic. 
Bruhns,  H.  J.,  clinic. 
Bell,  W.  G.,  clinic. 
Bryant,  Emory  A.,  paper. 
Barber,  L.  L.,  paper. 
Bailey,  H.  Page,  paper. 
Black,  Arthur  D.,  paper,  clinic 
Bliss,  F.  W.,  paper. 
Baker,  L.  W.,  paper. 
Baer,  Adolph  B.,  paper. 
Broomell,  I.  Norman,  address. 
Burns,  Arthur  E.,  paper. 
Black,  G.  v.,  paper. 
Brownlie,  Ira  C,  paper. 
Brown,  Homer  C.,  paper. 
Buckley,  J.  P.,  address,  clinic. 
Biddle,  J.  F.,  paper. 
Brophy,  Truman  W.,  address. 
Bornsdorff,  Hj.  von. 
Casto,  Theodore  D.,  paper. 
Chayes,  H.  E.  S.,  clinic. 
Cryer,  Mathew  H.,  paper. 
Craig,  Thornton,  clinic. 
Carmody,  Thomas  E.,  paper. 
Carlton,  Harry  P.,  paper. 
Congdon,  M.  J.,  paper,  clinic- 
Carson,  E.  M.,  clinic. 
Chappel,  H.  G.,  paper. 
Case,  Calvin  S.,  paper,  clinic. 
Casaday,  G.  H.,  paper. 
Carey,  J.  J.,  clinic. 
Capon,  Wm.  A.,  clinic. 


Carlton,  H.  P.,  clinic. 
Carmany,  Jas.  N.,  clinic. 
Chase,  Samuel  H.,  clinic. 
Campbell,  R.  E.,  clinic. 
Chesholm,  William  A.,  clinic. 
Campbell,  Dayton  D.,  clinic. 
Cline,  Jean,  clinic. 
Conzett,  John  V.,  clinic. 
Ducasse,  Edward  B.,  clinic. 
Dewey,  Martin,  paper. 
Dam,  Ernesto  A.,  paper. 
Dunning,  Henry  Sage,  paper. 
Dixon,  Maxwell  M.,  paper,  clinic. 
Du  Bose,  Pearson,  paper. 
Dickey,  C.  W.,  paper. 
Dunn,  Robert,  clinic. 
De  Mille,  T.  Carlyle,  clinic. 
Day,  R.  A.,  cHnic. 
Dean,  O.  T.,  clinic. 
Dean,  O.  S.,  clinic. 
Eggert,  H.  V.,  clinic. 
East,  B.  R.,  paper. 
Engs,  John  S.,  paper. 
Elliot,  E.  N.,  clinic. 
Edgers,  E.  B.,  clinic. 
Engstrom,  C.  J.  R.,  clinic. 
Frazee,  O.  I.,  clinic. 
Fiset,  C.  F.,  clinic. 
Fontaine,  S.  B.,  clinic. 
Friesell,  F.  C,  paper. 
Frates,  J.  E.,  clinic. 
Fitzgerald,  W.  H.,  paper. 
Frasier,  C.  B.,  paper. 
Ferrier,  W.  I.,  clinic. 
Fletcher,  Thos.,  clinic. 
Federspiel,  M.  N.,  clinic. 
Fisher,  W.  C,  clinic. 
Goodman,  Nye  White,  clinic. 
Green,  L.  C,  clinic. 
Gardener,  J.  A.,  clinic. 
Gardner,  W.  S.,  clinic. 
Grosley,  Chas.  P.,  clinic. 
Giles,  C.  R.,  clinic. 
Goslee,  H.  J.,  paper,  clinic. 
Godd,  Pehr,  paper. 


Alphabetical  List  of  All  Conthibtjtoks  to  Program 


Giffen,  R.  B.,  paper. 

Jones,  J.  C.,  clinic. 

"^W^f 

Gethro,  F.  W.,  paper,  clinic. 

Ketcham,  A.  H.,  paper,  clinic. 

'■v^JM 

Guerini,  Vincenzo,  paper. 

Kitami,  Yukimasa,  paper. 

Is 

Goldberg,  Harry  A.,  paper. 

Kesler,  F.  H.,  clinic. 

Giffen,  W.  A.,  paper. 

Kerner,  Geo.  W.,  clinic. 

Gallic,  D.  M.,  clinic. 

Lang,  J.  Elton,  clinic. 

Hanazawa,  Kanae,  paper. 

Latham,  V.  A.,  paper. 

V^i' 

Howe,  Percy  R.,  paper. 

Loeffler,  E.  T.,  paper. 

^pi% 

Harris,  George  Bailey,  paper. 

Logan,  W.  H.  G.,  paper. 

^^'''^' 

Hartzell,  Thos.  B.,  paper,  clinic. 

Long,  C.  Smith,  paper. 

^^'f 

Howe,  Horace,  paper. 

Linne,  A.  B.,  clinic. 

Hanan,  Dipl-ing  Rudolph,  paper. 

Locke,  Franklin  H.,  clinic. 

Hart,  Fred  E.,  paper,  clinic. 

Moore,  T.  E.,  clinic. 

Hacker,  Frederick,  paper. 

Mariotte,  P.  A.,  clinic. 

Horner,  H.  I.,  paper. 

McKay,  Frederick  S.,  paper. 

Hillyer,  Ellison,  address. 

Millberry,  Guy  S.,  paper,  clinic. 

Haslett,  H.  S.,  paper,  clinic. 

Marshall,  John  Sayre,  address. 

Hulick,  W.  O.,  paper. 

McManus,  Charles,  paper. 

Hoffman,  Abram,  clinic. 

Mitchell,  V.  E.,  paper,  clinic. 

Hall,  S.  W.,  clinic. 

Manhood,  Alexander,  paper,  clinic. 

Hurd,  Everett  M.,  clinic. 

Marshall,  John  P.,  paper. 

Hughes,  W.  R.,  clinic. 

McCord,  E.  S.,  paper. 

Heitman,  F.  W.,  clinic. 

McMath,  J.  F.,  clinic. 

Hoover,  W.  A.,  clinic. 

Merriman,  A.  F.,  clinic. 

Hinman,  Thomas  P.,  clinic. 

McCoy,  John  R.,  clinic. 

Hoffman,  E.  C.,  clinic. 

McDonagh,  Andrew  J.,  clinic. 

Hearne,  R.  L.,  clinic. 

Marshall,  Jay  P.,  clinic. 

Henshaw,  Chas.  H.,  clinic. 

McGehee,  W.  H.  O.,  clinic. 

Hussey,  Samuel  W.,  clinic. 

Murray,  B.  A.,  clinic. 

Haskell,  L.  P.,  clinic. 

Mattice,  C.  M.,  clinic. 

Hall,  Rupert  E.,  clinic. 

McCollum,  B.  B.,  clinic. 

Harrison,  W.  L.,  clinic. 

Mauk,  E.  H.,  clinic. 

Hanford,  W.  H.,  clinic. 

Muegge,  V.  C,  clinic. 

Hergert,  F.  W.,  clinic. 

Noyes,  Frederick  Bogue,  address. 

y^ 

Holmes,  C.  A.,  clinic. 

Newkirk,  Garrett,  paper. 

^ 

Hurd,  E.  M.,  clinic. 

Nolin,  Joseph,  paper,  cHnic. 

^ 

Irons,  R.  B.,  clinic. 

Novitzky,  Josef,  clinic. 

y 

Johnson,  Arthur,  clinic. 
Jacobson,  L.  J.,  clinic. 
Jordan,  M.  Evangeline,  paper. 

Neill,  P.  E.,  clinic. 
Nyce,  J.  E.,  clinic. 
Ottofy,  Louis,  paper. 
Oakman,  Chas.  H.,  paper. 

/ 

Johnson,  C.  N.,  address. 

Ottolengui,  R.,  paper. 

Jackson,  V.  H.,  clinic. 

O'Connel,  clinic. 

'^mh 

Jarvis,  C.  F.,  clinic. 

Power,  Wm.  B.,  clinic. 

^^m 

Jarman,  A.  W.,  clinic. 

Piperno,  Arrigo,  paper. 

MEf 

i 

James,  Austin  P.,  clinic.                                     Pullen,  H.  A.,  paper. 

116 

P" 

'Olwil^'^ 

— ^^^^^^^ 

vnlBlir  ■     c -" 

^  ^-^^S: 

Alphabetical  List  of  All  Contkibutors  to  Program 


Price,  W.  A.,  paper. 

Piatt,  Frank  L.,  paper,  clinic. 

Philpott,  C.  A.,  clinic. 

Pease,  Joseph  Loran,  clinic. 

Peck,  Arthur  E.,  clinic. 

Pague,  Frank  C,  clinic. 

Raiche,  F.  E.,  clinic. 

Reinig,  C.  N..  clinic. 

Ruyl,  J.  P.,  clinic. 

Rasmussen,  A.  T.,  clinic. 

Raper,  Howard  R.,  paper. 

Risdon,  Fulton,  paper. 

Rogers,  A.  P.,  paper. 

Reithmiller,  Richard,  paper,  clinic. 

Rhein,  M.  L.,  paper. 

Rule,  R.  W.,  clinic. 

Rhodes,  M.  Thayer,  clinic. 

Simonton,  F.  V.,  paper,  cHnic. 

Skinner,  paper. 

Smith,  Arthur  E.,  paper,  clinic. 

Strauss,  Oscar  A.,  paper. 

Strietmann.  W.  H.,  paper. 

Sherman,  Harry  M.,  paper. 

Stanton,  F.  L.,  paper,  clinic. 

Subirana,  L.,  paper. 

Simp.son,  Clarence  O.,  paper,  clinic. 

Smith,  T.  Sydney,  paper,  clinic. 

Samuels,  Herbert  J.,  paper,  clinic. 

Schultheis,  C.  F.,  clinic. 

Smith,  H.  W.,  clinic. 

Sarrazin,  Jules  J.,  clinic. 

Starr,  C.  T.,  clinic. 

Shores,  F.  W.,  clinic. 

Schmidt,  H.  H.,  clinic. 

Smith,  William  C,  clinic. 

Sweeny,  E.  S.,  clinic. 

Smith,  Harry  L.,  clinic. 


Sitherwood,  Geo.  D.,  clinic. 

Stansberry,  C.  J.,  clinic. 

Steffens,  J.  F.,  clinic. 

Sans,  Homer,  clinic. 

Thompson,  G.  A.,  clinic. 

Teruuchi,  Noboru,  paper. 

Towle,  S.,  paper. 

Tracy,  E.  S.,  paper,  clinic. 

Thompson,  J.  Melville,  paper. 

Tenny,  C.  L.,  clinic. 

Thompson,  Theodore  S.,  clinic. 

Van  Orden,  Geo.,  clinic. 

Van  Orden,  Leander.  paper,  clinic. 

Williams,  W.  J.,  clinic. 

Williams,  J.  Leon,  paper,  clinic. 

Wilson,  George  H.,  paper,  clinic. 

Ward,  Marcus  L.,  address. 

White,  S.  Mark,  paper. 

Weiser,  Rudolph,  paper. 

Watson,  M.  T.,  paper. 

Weber,  Th.,  paper. 

White,  F.  A.,  clinic. 

Wherry,  A.  C.,  paper. 

Wheeler,  Herbert  L.,  paper. 

Winningham,  M.  A.,  clinic. 

Wilson,  C.  E.,  clinic. 

Weinberger,  Bernhard  Wolf,  clinic. 

Warboys,  Chas.  H.,  clinic. 

Wenker,  Raymond  J.,  clinic. 

Wallace,  A.  N.,  clinic. 

Wilson,  W.  E.,  clinic. 

Weirick,  H.  W.,  clinic. 

Ward,  A.  W.,  clinic. 

Watkins,  J.  C.,  clinic. 

Weinstein,  Louis  J.,  clinic. 

Walsh,  Thomas  H.,  clinic. 

Williams,  S.  W.,  clinic. 

Young,  J.  Lowe,  address. 


Diseases  desperate  grown 
By  desperate  appliances  are  reliev'd 
Or  not  at  all. 

—Hamlet,  Act  IV,  Scene  3. 


All  clinics,  including  lantern  and  moving 
pictures  given  in  connection  with  the 
clinics,  will  be  located  on  the  fourth  floor, 
west  end  of  the  Auditorium. 

There  will  be  five  clinic  rooms  25  by  GO 
feet  and  one  room  for  pictures  40  by  GO 
feet,  X-Ray  room,  recovery  room  for  pa- 
tients, clinic  committee  room,  telephone 
room,  and  lavatories  for  men  and  women, 
all  on  one  floor.  All  clinic  rooms  will  have 
sky-lights  allowing  an  abundance  of  light 
to  all  parts  of  the  room. 

There  will  be  six  or  seven  chair  and  table 
clinics  given  in  a  room.  One  room  will  be 
used  for  progressive  clinics.  Each  chair 
will  be  surrounded  with  steps  allowing 
about  thirty  persons  to  view  the  clinic  at  a 
time,  there  being  an  iron  railing  around 
the  chair  to  prevent  crowding  the  operator. 
Each  operator  will  be  provided  with  new 
chairs,  electric  engines,  bracket  tables,  in- 
strument table,  washstand,  warm  water, 
soap,  nail  brush,  towels  and  a  push  button 
for  call  boy.  There  will  also  be  an  electric 
sterilizer  and  sterilizing  solutions  in  each 
clinic  room. 

Each  table  clinic  will  be  given  on  a  table 
upon  a  raised  platform.  There  will  be  30 
chairs  to  each  table  clinic,  allowing  those 
viewing  same  to  be  seated.  Every  half 
hour  groups  viewing  clinics  will  change 
from  one  clinic  to  the  next ;  clinicians  will 
repeat  their  clinics,  if  possible;  those  not 
able  to  will  divide  their  clinics  into  steps, 


explaining  steps  as  the  diflferent  groups 
view  their  clinics.  This  will  not  apply  to 
Progressive  Clinics,  I'yorrhea  Clinics,  Sur- 
gical Clinics  or  Lantern  or  Moving  Picture 
Demonstrations. 

Those  wishing  to  view  certain  groups  of 
clinics  will  find  on  the  fourth  floor,  west 
end  of  the  Auditorium,  a  table  with  clerks 
in  attendance  who  will  furnish  tickets  to 
the  clinic  desired.  Clinics  will  commence  at 
1:30  p.  m.  Clerks  will  be  in  attendance  at 
I"  o'clock  for  those  wishing  to  get  tickets 
for  certain  clinics,  as  the  number  viewing 
these  clinics  will  be  limited. 

Tickets  will  be  given  out  for  that  day 
only.  No  tickets  will  be  necessary  for  pro- 
gressive .or  moving  picture  clinics. 

There  will  be  a  nurse  in  attendance  at 
the  recovery  room.  The  services  of  an  an- 
esthetist and  an  X-ray  specialist  will  be 
available  to  all  clinicians. 

The  Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 
will  assume  no  responsibility  for  the  result 
of  the  operation  nor  for  any  damage  claimed 
to  arise  from  any  statement  made  by  the 
clinician  herein  listed. 

The  selling  of  instruments,  materials  or 
appliances,  or  the  distribution  of  circulars 
or  cards  in  the  clinic  rooms  will  not  be  per- 
mitted. Any  persons  violating  this  rule 
will  forfeit  the  privilege  of  remaining  in 
the  Clinic  Hall. 

All  surgical  clinics  will  be  given  in  hos- 
pitals and  announcement  will  appear  in  the 
daily  program. 


^ 


—  -Ill,-- ^7 


l^ 


Tuesday,  August  31,  1915,  1:30  p.  m 


W.  I.  Ferrier,  Burlington,  Wash. — "Gold 
Foil  Operation,  Using  Fisher's  Method 
of  Local  Anesthesia  for  Cavity  Prepara- 
tion."    Chair  Clinic. 

C.  F.  Schultheis,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Anal- 
gesia."   Humphrey's  Inhaler  Chair  Clinic. 

M.  A.  Winningham,  Seattle,  Wash. — "In- 
traosseous Anesthesia."    Chair  Clinic. 

C.  E.  Wilson,  San  Francisco — "Continuous 
Gum  Cases."    Table  Clinic. 

H.  W.  Smith,  Alameda,  Cal. — "How  to 
Build  Up  Abutment  on  Fractured  Root 
for  Richmond  Crown."     Table  Clinic. 

E.  S.  Tracy,  Brockton,  Mass. — "Some  Ap- 
plications of  the  Gilmore  Attachments  to 
Partial  Plates  and  Removable  Bridge 
Work."     Table  Clinic. 

J.  J.  Carey,  Honolulu,  H.  I. — "Richmond 
Crown,  Backing,  Facing,  Removal  of 
Coping  and  Dowel  from  Root  and  Sol- 
dering Same."    Table  Clinic. 

Jules  J.  Sarrazin,  New  Orleans,  La. — 
"Home  and  Chair  Prophylaxis." 

H.  J.  Goslee,  Chicago,  111. — "Bridge  Work." 
Table  Clinic. 

V.  H.  Jackson,  New  York  City— "Ortho- 
dontia."   Table  Clinic. 

Robert  Dunn,  San  Francisco — "Orthodon- 
tia."   Table  Clinic. 

Hugh  Avary,  San  Francisco — "Porcelain  in 
Crown  Work."    Table  Clinic. 

Wm.  A.  Capon,  Philadelphia,  Pa. — "Special 
Porcelain  Crowns  for  Bicuspids  and  Mo- 
lars."   Table  Clinic. 

T.  Sydney  Smith,  Palo  Alto,  Cal— "Blood 
Clot  Method  of  Treating  Periodontal  Dis- 
eases."   Chair  Clinic. 


E.  N.  Elliot,  Chicago,  111.— "Dental  Medi- 
cines."    Table  Clinic. 

D.  M.  Gallie,  Chicago,  111. — "Cavity  Prepa- 
ration."   Table  Clinic. 

R.  W.  Rule,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Gold  Foil  Op- 
eration in  Upper  Bicuspid  or  First 
Molar."    Chair  Clinic. 

C.  T.  Starr,  Reno,  Nev. — "Surgical  Treat- 
ment of  Pyorrhea  under  Conductive  An- 
esthesia."   Chair  Clinic. 

Josef  Novitzky,  San  Francisco — "Root  Am- 
putations."    Chair  Clinic. 

Bernhard  Wolf  Weinberger,  New  York 
City — "Evolution  of  Orthodontia  Appli- 
ances."   Table  Clinic. 

Abram  Hoffman,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

S.  W.  Hall,  Berkeley,  Cal.— "Special  Case." 
Chair  Clinic. 

Fred  Batkin,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Exodontia." 
Chair  Clinic. 

H.  P.  Carlton,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Fischer's 
Nerve  Blocking."     Table  Clinic. 

Everett  M.  Hurd,  Portland,  Ore. — "A  Ta- 
ble Clinic  on  the  Gysi  Anatomical  Articu- 
lation, Using  Adaptable  Articulation  and 
Trubyte  Teeth."     Table  Clinic. 

Geo.  L.  Bean,  San  Francisco — "Porcelain 
Jacket  Crown — A  New  Method."  Table 
Clinic. 

J.  P.  Buckley,  Chicago,  111. — "The  Preven- 
tion and  Eradication  of  Local  Infection." 
Table  Clinic. 

Progressive  Clinics,  Total  Demonstration 
of  the  Various  Steps  in  the  Black  Method 
of  Gold  Foil  Operations — by  C.  F.  Jarvis, 
W.  R.  Hughes,  F.  W.  Heitman,  F.  H. 
Kestler,  M.  J.  Congdon,  members  of  the 
California  Study  Club  of  Alameda 
County,  California. 


Wednesday,  September  1,  1915 


'Gold  Inlay 


-"Analgesia." 


C.  L.  Tenny,  Seattle,  Wash.- 
and  Porcelain  Combination 

J.  F.  McMath,  Oakland,  Cal- 
.  Chair  Clinic. 

A.  F.  Merriman,  Oakland,  Cal.  —  "Hot 
Water  Obtunder."     Table  Clinic. 

P.  E.  Neill,  Nashville,  Tenn.— "Vulcanite 
with  Finished  Smooth  Surfaces."  Ta- 
ble Clinic. 


P.  A.  Mariotte,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Porcelain 
Crown  with  Cast  Gold  Base  and  Prepa- 
ration of  Cast  Gold  Base  for  Standard 
Abutments."     Chair  Clinic. 

Edward  B.  Ducasse,  Maison  Blanche,  New 
Orleans,  La. — "The  Use  of  a  Porcelain 
Jacket  Molar  as  an  Abutment  in  Bridge 
Work  and  Porcelain  Gum  Restoration." 
Table  Clinic. 


Progbam  of  Clinics 


m 


Chas.  H.  Warboys,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Por- 
celain Angle  Restorations." 

C.  A.  Philpott,  Boise,  Idaho — "Prophylac- 
tic Crown.     Pyo-laxis."     Chair  Clinic. 

Thos.  Fletcher,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Ce- 
mented Pin  Facings  in  Cast  and  Built- 
up  Crowns."     Table  Clinic. 

T.  E.  Moore,  Berkeley,  Cal. — "Bridge 
Work."     Table  Clinic. 

John  R.  McCoy,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — "Or- 
thodontia."    Table  Clinic. 

J.  S.  Bridges,  Chicago,  111.  —  "Original 
Chemical  Treatment  for  Pyorrhea." 
Chair  and  Table  Clinic. 

Fred  W.  Gethro,  Chicago,  111. — "Technic 
of  Root  Canal  Filling,  Special  Drawings 
and  Radiograph  Reproductions."  Table 
CHnic. 

W.  A.  Hoover,  Gibson  City,  111. — "Cast 
Richmond  Crown,  Porcelain  Facing." 
Table  Clinic. 

Jas.  W.  Cormany,  Mt.  Carrol,  111. — "Sure 
Retention  of  Upper  Denture."  Table 
Clinic. 

G.  A.  Thompson,  Chicago,  111. — "Porcelain 
Jacket  Crown,  and  Perfect  Contons 
Bridge  Work."     Table  Clinic. 

Samuel  H.  Chase,  Madison,  Wis. — "Radio- 
graphs and  Specimens  Showing  Impacted 
Teeth  which  Have  Caused  Systemic  Dis- 
orders."   Table  Clinic. 

Geo.  W.  Kerner,  Racine,  Wis. — "Restoring 
Vital  Lower  Posterior  Teeth  with  Gold 
Band  and  Porcelain  Cusps."  Table 
Clinic. 

A.  T.  Rasmussen,  La  Crosse,  Wis. — "The 
Rational  Operation  for  Chronic  Empy- 
emia  of  Maxillary  Sinus."  Surgical 
Clinic. 


James  B.  Baker,  Madison,  Wis. — "Synthetic 
Porcelain  Fillings."    Chair  Clinic. 

Raymond  J.  Wenker,  Milwaukee,  Wis. — 
"Surgical  Removal  of  Alveolar  Foci  with 
Nitrous  Oxide  and  Oxygen  and  also  with 
Fischer  Method  of  Conductive  Anesthe- 
sia."    Chair  Clinic. 

M.  N.  Federspiel,  Milwaukee,  Wis. — "Sur- 
gical Correction  of  Cleft  Palate,  Intro- 
ducing a  New  Method  for  Overcoming 
Lateral  Tension."     Surgical  Clinic. 

Nye  White  Goodman,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — 
"Porcelain  Jacket  Crown  without  the 
Use  of  Facings."     Table  Clinic. 

Leander  Van  Orden,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — 
(a)  "Some  Aid  in  the  Placing  of  the 
Rubber  Dam."  (b)  "Cotton  Rolls  and 
Cottonoid  Combined  for  the  Exclusion 
of  Moisture  from  the  Dental  Operator's 
Field."     Chair  Clinic. 

Gysi  Progressive  Clinic — Under  direction 
of  F.  W.  Hergert,  Seattle,  Wash. ;  C.  A. 
Holmes,  C.  J.  Stansberry,  E.  M.  Hurd. 

L.  C.  Green,  Chicago,  111. — "Extracting  un- 
der Local  Anesthesia."  Chair  Clinic.  Or 
Table  Clinic  on  extraction,  with  models. 

Thomas  P.  Hinman,  Atlanta,  Ga. — "Con- 
struction and  Adjustment  of  Anterior 
Porcelain  Crowns."    Chair  Clinic. 

A.  Manhood,  Santiago,  Chile — "Home- 
made Interchangeable  Teeth  for  Crown 
and  Bridge  Work."    Table  Clinics. 

Joseph  Loran  Pease,  Oakland,  Cal. — "The 
Dental  Nurse,  Aids  and  Conveniences." 
Chair  Clinic. 

M.  Thayer  Rhodes,  Berkeley,  Cal. — "Com- 
bination Cohesive  and  Non-cohesive  Gold 
Foil  Operation."     Chair  Clinic. 


Thursday,  September  2,  1915 


Walter  R.  Hughes,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Anal- 
gesia."    Clark  Inhaler.     Chair  Clinic. 

H.  S.  Flaslett,  Pittsburg,  Pa.— "Vulcanite." 
Table  Clinic. 

Herbert  J.  Samuels,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Truss 
Type  Lingual  Bar."    Table  Clinic. 

Geo.  H.  Wilson,  Cleveland,  Ohio — "Full 
Upper  Plaster  Impressions."  Chair 
Clinic. 

Andrew  J.  McDonagh,  Toronto,  Canada — 


"Demonstration  of  a  Method  of  Restor- 
ing Gum  Tissue  in  Special  Cases  and 
Peridontic  Splint."     Table  Clinic. 

R.  E.  Campbell,  Berkeley,  Cal.— "Back- 
ings."   Table  Clinic. 

A.  W.  Jarman,  Philadelphia,  Pa. — "Remov- 
able Bridge  Work."    Table  Clinic. 

J.  E.  Nyce,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

A.  H.  Wallace,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Simple 
Construction  of  Porcelain  Furnace,  Por- 


•^! 


#•• 


Program  of  Clinics 


celain  Inlay,  Use  of  Glass  Instruments 
Burnishing  Platinum  Matrix."  Chair 
Clinic. 

Thos.  P.  Hartzell,  Minneapolis,  Minn. — 
"Principles  Involved  in  Surgical  Treat- 
ment of  Pyorrhea."  Illustrated  by  mod- 
els and  lantern  slides.     Table  Clinic. 

Chas.  S.  Ayres,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Bridge 
Construction."    Table  Clinic. 

J.  A.  Gardener,  Memphis,  Tenn. — "Some- 
thing New  in  Crown  Bridge  Work." 
Table  Clinic. 

W.  E.  Wilson,  San  Diego,  Cal.— "Ortho- 
dontia."    Table   Clinic. 

J.  P.  Ruyl,  New  York  City — "Staining  of 
Porcelain  Teeth."     Table  Clinic. 

F.  W.  Shores,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Porcelain 
Jacket  Crown."     Chair  Clinic. 

E.  C.  Hoffman,  Plainfield,  111. — "A  Simple 
Yet  Positive  Method  of  Retaining  Upper 
or  Lower  Posterior  Dentures."  Table 
Clinic. 

William  A.  Chesholm,  Anderson,  S.  C. — 
"Baked  Porcelain  Seating  for  Detached 
Post  Crowns."     Table  Clinic. 

T.  Carlyle  De  Mille,  Seattle,  Wash.— 
"Method  of  Correcting  Defective  Inlays." 
Table  Clinic. 

Dayton  D.  Campbell,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
— "Impressions,  Hall  or  Green  Method." 
Chair  Clinic. 

Jay  P.  Marshall,  St.  Louis,  Mo. — "Simple 


and  Complex  Restorations  with  Berylite." 
Chair  Clinic. 

W.  H.  O.  McGehee,  Cincinnati,  Ohio— "A 
New  Cleft  Palate  Appliance  and  New 
Technique  for  Constructing  Same."  Ta- 
ble Clinic. 

Vethake  E.  Mitchell,  New  York,  N.  Y.— 
"Artificial  Restorations  in  Congenital 
Cleft  Palate."    Table  Clinic. 

Edward  A.  Bogiie,  New  York,  N.  Y. — 
"Model  Showing  Arrest  of  Lateral  De- 
velopment."    Table  Clinic. 

Joseph  W.  Boisol,  Astoria,  Ore. — "Crown 
and  Bridge  Abutments  Compatible  with 
Prophylaxis."    Table  Clinic. 

Joseph  Nolin,  Montreal,  Canada.— "Art  in 
Dentistry."     Table  Clinic. 

U.  S.  Bartlett,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Ex- 
tracting under  Nitrous  Oxide  and  Oxy- 
gen and  Novocaine."     Chair  Clinic. 

H.  W.  Weirick,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "The 
Conservation  of  Badly  Broken-Down 
Posterior  Teeth  by  Inlay  Rather  Than 
Crown."     Chair  Clinic. 

"The  University  of  California  G.  V.  Black 
Club."— Fred  E.  Hart,  C.  B.  Musante, 
F.  A.  White,  Guy  S.  Millberry,  E.  H. 
Mauk,  H.  J.  Bruhns,  W.  H.  Hanford, 
Thornton  Craig,  H.  B.  Irons,  F.  V.  Simon- 
ton,  J.  F.  Steffens,  V.  C.  Muegge,  H.  V. 
Eggert,  C.  R.  Giles,  J.  E.  Frates,  Homer 
Sans,  W.  G.  Bell,  L.  J.  Jacobson. 


i 


i 


Friday,  September  3,  1915 


Robin  Adair,  Atlanta,  Ga. — "A  Systema- 
tized Method  of  Handling  Pyorrhea 
Cases."     Table  Clinic. 

R.  Clifton  Baker,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — 
"Curettment  for  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris." 
Chair  Clinic. 

Jean  Cline,  Portland,  Ore.  —  "Pyorrhea 
Alveolaris,  Surgical  Treatment."  Chair 
Clinic. 

E.  B.  Edgars,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Prophy- 
laxis Treatment."     Chair  Clinic. 

W.  C.  Fisher,  New  York  City— "Prophy- 
lactic Treatment  of  the  Necks  of  Teeth 
in  Pyorrhea  Work."     Chair  Clinic. 

R.  L.  Hearne,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Treatment 
of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris."     Chair  Clinic. 


Chas.  H.  Henshaw,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. — 
"Treatment  of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris." 
Chair  Clinic. 

Austin  F.  James,  Chicago,  111. — "Diagnosis 
of   Pyorrhea  Alveolaris."     Chair  Clinic. 

A.  B.  Linne,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
Treatment."     Chair  Clinic. 

B.  A.  Murray,  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada 
— "The  Possibilities  in  the  Treatment  of 
Pyorrhea  Alveolaris."     Chair  Clinic. 

F.  E.  O'Connel,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
Splints."     Table  Clinic. 

C.  M.  Mattice,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Pyorrhea 
and  Prophylaxis."    Chair  Clinic. 

J.  C.  Jones,  Portland,  Ore. — "Surgical 
Treatment  of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris." 
Chair  Clinic. 


Program  of  Clinics 


W.  A.  Atwood,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — 
"Treatment  of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris." 
Chair  Clinic. 

C.  A.  Philpot,  Caldwell,  Idaho— "Treat- 
ment of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris."  Chair 
Clinic. 

Arthur  E.  Peck,  Minneapolis,  Minn. — "Pro- 
phylaxis and  Toothbrush  Instruction  for 
Our  Patients."     Chair  Clinic. 

C.  N.  Reinig,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Pyorrhea 
and  Prophylaxis."     Chair  Clinic. 

H.  H.  Schmidt,  Portland,  Ore. — "Pyorrhea 
Alveolaris."    Chair  Clinic. 

Jules  J.  Sarrazin,  New  Orleans,  La. — "In- 
strumentation in  Rigg's  Disease  Treat- 
ment."   Table  Clinic. 

Theodore  S.  Thompson,  Portland,  Ore. — 
"Treatment  of  Pyorrhea  Alveolaris." 
Chair  Clinic. 


A.  W.  Ward,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Pro- 
phylaxis."   Chair  Clinic. 

Frank  C.  Pague,  San  Francisco,  Cal.— (a) 
"Instrumentation,  in  Treatment  of  Pyor- 
rhea." (b)  "Use  of  Fine  Linen  Thread 
for  Movement  of  Teeth  in  Malocclusion 
and  as  a  Temporary  Splint."  (c)  "Ex- 
hibit of  Cases  Treated  and  Retention  of 
Bridges."    Chair  Clinic. 

J.  C.  Watkins,  Urnstom,  Salem,  N.  C— 
"Prophylaxis."     Chair  Clinic. 

Arthur  Johnson,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.— "Py- 
orrhea Alveolaris  Treatment."  Chair 
Clinic. 

Maxwell  M.  Dixon,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — 
Moving  Pictures  of  the  Instrumentation 
and  Technique  of  Pyorrhea  and  Prophy- 
laxis. 


Monday,  September  6,  1915 


R.  A.  Day,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Ortho- 
dontia."    Table  Clinic. 

S.  B.  Fontaine,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Oral  Sur- 
gery— Showing  Radiographs  and  Speci- 
mens of  a  Compound  Follicular  Odon- 
toma. Results  After  Operation."  Chair 
Clinic. 

John  V.  Conzett,  Dubuque,  Iowa — "The 
Making  of  a  Gold  Inlay."    Table  Clinic. 

J.  M.  Bischoflf,  Stevens  Point,  Wis. — 
"Splints  and  Stays  in  the  Treatment  of 
Pyorrhea."     Table  Clinic. 

Samuel  W.  H  u  s  s  e  y  ,  Berkeley,  Cal. — 
"Green-Supplee  Method  of  Impression 
Taking."    Table  Clinic. 

L.  P.  Haskell,  Chicago,  111.— "Flat  Jaws, 
Upper  and  Lower."     Table  Clinic. 

Geo.  Van  Orden,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — 
"Prevention  and  Treatment  of  Pyorrhea 
Alveolaris."    Chair  Clinic. 

Arthur  D.  Black,  Chicago,  111.— "Thorough 
Mouth  Examination,  with  Plan  of  Re- 
cording Same."    Table  Clinic. 

Rupert  E.  Hall,  Houston,  Tex.— "A  Solu- 
tion of  the  Centers  of  the  Mastication 
Apparatus."    Clinic. 

A.  Manhood,  Santiago,  Chile — "Simple 
Face  Bow  for  Taking  the  Antro-Posterior 
Length  of  the  Jaw."    Table  Clinic. 

A.  E.  Smith,  Chicago,  111. — "Conductive 
Anesthesia."    Clinic. 


Fred  E.  Hart,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Stunts 
in  Crown  and  Bridge  Work."  Table 
Clinic. 

O.  T.  Dean,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Removal  of 
Impacted  Third  Molar."     Clinic. 

Franklin  H.  Locke,  Oakland,  Cal. — "Gold 
Foil  Operation."  (Black's  Method.) 
Clinic. 

Calvin  S.  Case,  Chicago,  111.— "The  Tech- 
nics of  Taking  Impression  of  Cleft  Pal- 
ate."   Table  Clinic. 

Louis  J.  Weinstein,  New  York,  N.  Y. — 
"The  Constitution  and  Application  of  a 
Series  of  Improved  Gold  Alloy  for  Cast- 
ing Crown  and  Bridge  Work.  Some  New 
Devices  for  Removing  Bridge  Work." 
Table  Clinic. 

William  C.  Smith,  Pasadena,  Cal. — "An- 
terior Expansion  of  Mixed  Dentures, 
Using  the  Angle  New  Appliance."  Table 
Clinic. 

Thomas  H.  Walsh,  Indianapolis,  Ind. — 
"Making  of  Gold  Inlay."    Table  Clinic. 

Frederick  Lester  Stanton,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
— "Demonstrating  of  a  Dental  Surveying 
Apparatus."    Table  Clinic. 

Maude  Tanner,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — 
"Temporary  Bridge  Work  on  Deciduous 
Teeth." 


^^ 


Program  of  Clinics 
Tuesday,  September  7,  1915 


C.  J.  R.  Engstrom,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — 
Denture  Construction  by  the  Gysi  Meth- 
od." Illustrated  by  motion  pictures  and 
slides. 

O.  S.  Dean,  Oakland,  Cal.— "Synthetic 
Porcelain  Fillings."     Chair  Clinic. 

B.  B.  McCollum,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.— "Gold 
Inlays."    Table  Clinic. 
Elton  Lang,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. — "Prepa- 
ration of  Root  When  Banded  Crown  Is 
Indicated."    Table  Clinic. 

J.  Leon  Williams,  London,  England — 
"Classification  of  Teeth."  Illustrated 
by  models  and  pictures. 

J.  E.  Argue,  Tacoma,  Wash. — "Porcelain 
Jacket  Crown  Operation,  a  Method  of 
Swedging  the  Matrix  Direct."  Chair 
Clinic. 

H.  E.  S.  Chayes,  New  York,  N.  Y.— "Paral- 
leling of  Abutments  for  Bridge  Work." 
Table  Clinic. 

W.  S.  Gardner,  Scranton,  Pa. — "Accurate 
Method  of  Contouring  and  Casting  a  Mo- 
lar and  Bicuspid  Crown  and  Constructing 
a  Sanitary  Bridge."    Table  Clinic. 

Frank  L.  Piatt,  San  Francisco,  Cal. — "Lo- 
cal Anesthesia."  Intraosseous  Method. 
Chair  Clinic. 

Richard  H.  Riethmuller,  Philadelphia,  Pa. — 
"Anoci-Association  in  Dental  Opera- 
tions."    Chair  Clinics. 

C.  F.  Fiset,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Gold  Foil 
Operation  in  the  Distal  Surface  of  the 
Upper  Left  Cuspid." 

W.  L.  Harrison,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Gold 
Foil,  Cohesive  and  Non-cohesive  Foil  in 
Combination." 

E.  S.  Sweeny,  Seattle,  Wash. — "Gold  Foil 
Operation." 


Harry  L.  Smith,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Gold 
Foil  Operation." 

E.  M.  Carson,  St.  Louis,  Mo. — "Proximal 
Restoration,  with  De  Trey's  Synthetic." 
Chair  Clinic. 

O.  I.  Frazee,  Springfield,  111. — "Some  Uses 
of  Gold  Amalgam."    Chair  Clinic. 

Chas.  P.  Grosley,  St.  Louis,  Mo. — (a)  "Va- 
rious Forms  of  Cavity  Preparation  for 
Inlay  Abutments  with  Double  Attach- 
ments." (b)  "A  Very  Accurate  Inlay 
Method  without  Casting."  (c)  "Treat- 
ment of  Gold  Inlays  That  Do  Not  Fit  the 
Margins."    Table  Clinic. 

Rupert  E.  Hall,  Houston,  Tex. — "Perfecti- 
ble Impression  with  Plaster  of  Paris, 
Demonstrating  the  Perfect  Impression 
with  the  Mouth  Closed."    Table  Clinic. 

Wm.  B.  Power,  Seattle,  Wash.— "Ortho- 
dontia."   Table  Clinic. 

Geo.  D.  Sitherwood,  Bloomington,  111. — 
"Cast  Aluminum  Crowns  with  Detachable 
Porcelain  Facings,  Especially  Adapted  to 
the  Anterior  and  Bicuspid  Teeth."  Table 
Clinic. 

F.  E.  Raiche,  Marinette,  Wis. — "Removable 
Bridge  Work."    Table  Clinic. 

Clarence  O.  Simpson,  St.  Louis,  Mo. — 
"Cavity  Preparations  and  Cast  Restora- 
tions."   Table  Clinic. 

S.  W.  Williams,  Chicago,  III. — "Novocain 
in  Dentistry."    Table  Clinic. 

T.  E.  Moore,  Berkeley,  Cal. — "Inferior,  An- 
terior Bridge  'Porcelain  Facings'  on  Vital 
Teeth."    Table  Clinic. 

W.  J.  Williams,  Chicago,  111. — "Novocain 
in  Dentistry" — Table  Clinic. 

A.  H.  Ketcham,  Denver,  Colo. — "Ortho- 
dontia."    Table  Clinic. 


i^ 


v^J 


Even  as  a  Surgeon,  minding  off  to  cut 
Some  cureless  limb,  before  in  use  he  puts 
His  violent  Engins  on  the  vicious  member, 
Bringeth  his  Patient  in  a  senseless  slumber, 
And  grief-less  then  (guided  by  use  and  art), 
To  save  the  whole,  sawes  off  th'  infected  part. 

— Du  Bartas,  Divine  Weekes  and  Workes. 


pnw;^^ 


From  Lakeside  Park,  Oakland,  showing,  across  a  small  arm  of  Lake  Merritt,  Oakland's 
City  Hall  and  a  glimpse  of  her  skyline. 

"Along  the  west,  the  golden  bars 

Still  to  a  deeper  glory  grew ; 
Above  our  heads  the  few  faint  stars 

Looked  out  from  the  unfathomed  blue; 
And  the  fair  city's  clamorous  jars 

Seemed  melted  in  the  evening  hue." 


The  photograph  reproduced  herewith  was  taken  by  W.  H.  Weilbye,  who  holds  the  copyright 


"Open  a  little  wider,  please." 

"That  will  do,  I'm  going  to  stand  on  the 
outside." 

That's  a  funny  story,  and  so  is  the  one 
that  jests  about  the  dentist  pulling  a  week's 
salary  along  with  a  weak  tooth,  but  in  all 
fairness  to  a  good  fellow  let  us  analyze  the 
dentist. 

First,  he  must  be  a  man  with  a  college 
and  technical  education,  serve  an  appren- 
ticeship, and  then  if  some  one  backs  him 
he  may  start  out  for  himself.  His  equip- 
ment should  be  just  as  complete  the  first 
day  as  at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  for  he 
cannot  work  without  the  proper  "tools." 
We  rarely  stop  to  consider  how  much  de- 
pends upon  the  dentist's  two  hands.  In  no 
other  pursuit  are  conditions  quite  so  un- 
favorable. A  slight  injury  to  his  finger 
will  put  him  out  of  business.  There  is  no 
element  in  his  profession  that  works  while 
he  sleeps ;  unless  he  is  busy  with  his  two 
hands  there  is  no  income.  Not  so  with  the 
lawyer,  who  may  lose  his  hands  and  some- 
times his  head  and  still  be  a  "paying"  law- 
yer. The  prima  donna  may  lose  her  voice 
and  still  be  able  to  make  a  grand  clean-up 
on  a  series  of  "farewell  tours."  The  real 
estate  man's  corner  lot  may  make  him  a 
fortune  overnight.  The  physician's  patient 
may  get  well  by  secretly  dumping  his  dope. 

I  sometimes  wonder  how  men  deliber- 
ately choose  a  profession  in  which  there  is 
but  moderate  compensation  and  absolutely 
nothing  to  leave  to  wife  and  children.  The 
wholesale  grocer  may  leave  his  business  to 
his  son  or  daughter  or  wife  to  manage  and 
make  money.  Even  the  blacksmith  is 
likely  to  have  several  gross  of  horseshoes 
made  up  that  might  yield  a  revenue  should 
his  kin  desire  to  continue  the  business  after 
he  has  gone;  but  when  the  poor  dentist 
goes  and  his  hands  are  folded  across  his 
breast,  there  is  nothing  left  for  any  one; 
there  can  be  no  successor.  Another  pair  of 
faithful  hands,  patiently  toiling,  may  come 
along  and  fill  a  need  or  a  tooth,  and  then 
pass  on  with  nothing  left  for  inheritance. 


From  this  time  on  I  shall  take  a  diflfer- 
ent  slant  at  the  dentist  and  look  upon  him 
as  one  willing  to  make  a  sacrifice  for  the 
benefit  of  those  owning  aching  teeth. 

I  am  sorry  now  I  said  to  my  dentist  last 
week  that  a  man  should  go  armed  when  he 
visits  the  dentist,  that  he  may  protect  him- 
self when  the  dentist  finds  a  sensitive  spot 
and  insists  on  loitering  and  fussing  about 
that  particular  locality. 

I  realize  now  what  a  severe  loss  the  den- 
tist's family  would  sustain.  I  also  realize 
that  when  I  make  a  mistake  it  is  not 
charged  to  me,  but  my  employers  kindly 
bear  the  loss  and  let  me  off.  Who  ever 
heard  of  any  one  paying  for  the  dentist's 
mistake?  He  gets  it  going  and  coming  by 
losing  his  time  and  the  value  of  materials 
as  well. 

I  had  my  watch  repaired  the  other  day 
and  the  jeweler  asked  me  to  bring  it  back 
in  a  few  days  if  it  did  not  run  on  time. 
This  jeweler  hired  some  one  to  repair  my 
watch,  charged  me  a  profit  over  and  above 
what  he  paid  the  workman  to  tinker  with 
my  timer,  and  then  put  it  up  to  me  to  look 
after  the  watch  he  had  been  paid  to  repair. 
In  the  end  this  jeweler  will  leave  his  busi- 
ness to  his  family. 

What  a  yell  would  go  up  if  a  dentist  pur- 
sued the  same  methods!  I  recall  recently 
my  dentist  putting  on  a  crown.  There  was 
one  casting,  one  filling  and  one  cementing. 
When  the  dentist  was  satisfied  with  the 
operation  he  said  there  would  be  a  feeling 
of  fullness  for  a  few  hours,  after  which  all 
would  be  comfortable,  and  dumped  me  out 
of  the  chair.  He  did  not  ask  me  about 
what  I  paid  him  to  find  out,  if  the  crown 
was  too  long  or  too  short.  He  knew  his 
profession  and  therefore  knew  the  crown 
was  right  and  would  produce  the  result 
intended. 

And  to  think  this  good  man  is  unable  to 
pass  along  to  some  one  else  my  good  will 
and  my  patronage,  when  the  Youth's  Com- 
panion has  been  profitably  published  for 
fifty  years  by  Perry  Mason  when  there 
never  was  a  Perry  Mason. 


'W 


San    Francisco   Views:    1— Entrance   to   Chinatown.      2— "Treasure     Island."      3— The     Donahn 
Monument. 


^^^^1^^ 


San  Francisco 

By  Frank  Morton  Todd, 


O  R  N  a  drowsy  Spanish 
hamlet,  fed  on  the  intoxi- 
cants of  a  gold  rush,  de- 
veloped by  an  adventurous 
.Dmmerce  and  a  baronial 
a  54-  r  i  c  u  It  u  r  e  ,  isolated 
throughout  its  turbulent 
history  from  the  home  lands  of  its  diverse 
peoples  and  compelled  to  the  outworking 
of  its  own  ethical  and  social  standards, 
San  Francisco  has  evolved  an  individuality 
and  a  versatility  beyond  any  other  Ameri- 
can city. 

It  mellowed  the  Puritan  and  disciplined 
the  Cavalier.  It  appropriated  the  song  and 
art  of  the  Latin.  Every  good  thing  that 
Anglo-Saxon,  Celt,  Gaul,  Iberian,  Teuton 
or  Mongolian  had  to  offer,  it  seized  upon 
and  made  part  of  its  life. 

San  Francisco  is  today  peculiarly  the 
cosmopolitan  city.  Because  its  social  ele- 
ments are  still  so  near  their  equal  sources, 
and  opportunity  still  beckons  every  man  of 
talent,  it  is  also  the  democratic  city.  And 
in  spiritual  freedom  and  forward  impulse 
and  the  vivid  hope  of  great  achievement  it 
is  the  one  renaissance  city  of  the  present 
day. 

In  the  early  fifties,  Horace  Greeley  said, 
"Go  West,  young  man,"  and  the  ambitious 
young  men  have  been  going  West  ever 
since.  From  New  York  a  man  goes  west 
to  Chicago  or  St.  Louis;  from  there  it  is 
west  to  Denver  or  Salt  Lake,  while  the 
real  West,  the  Pacific  Coast,  is  usually 
termed  the  Far  West. 

To  an  Englishman,  a  five-day  transcon- 
tinental trip  in  a  Pullman  is  undoubtedly 
looked  upon  as  a  gigantic  undertaking. 
What  must  it  have  been  to  the  pioneer  of 
'49  who  traversed  the  Midland  Trail  in 
prairie  wagons? 

California  is  750  miles  long.  Its  coast 
line  is  as  long  as  the  Atlantic  Coast  from 
Boston  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  In 
area,  California  is  equal  to  the  combined 
States  of  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Massa- 
chusetts, Rhode  Island,  Vermont,  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  Connecticut  and  Ohio. 

And  yet  there  are  only  as  many  people 
in  California  as  there  are  in  Chicago ! 


Does  that  spell  opportunity  to  you? 

The  population  of  California  in  1910  was 
8,317,549,  an  increase  of  60.1  per  cent  over 
that  of  1900,  when  the  State  ranked  twenty- 
first  in  population.  We  now  rank  twelfth. 
Japan  with  practically  the  same  area  sup- 
ports over  40,000,000  people. 

San  Francisco  bears  the  same  relation  to 
the  Pacific  Coast  that  New  York  does  to 
the  nation.  For  the  year  1914,  San  Fran- 
cisco ranked : 

First  in  actual  value  of  land  and  im- 
provements per  capita;  third  in  average 
capital  per  national  bank;  fifth  in  building 
contracts;  fifth  in  foreign  imports;  fifth  in 
total  national  banking  capital;  seventh  in 
foreign  exports  of  domestic  goods;  eighth 
in  bank  clearings;  eleventh  in  number  of 
manufacturing  establishments. 

Over  one-half  the  population  are  savings 
bank  depositors. 

The  total  amount  expended  in  the  re- 
building of  San  Francisco  is  equal  to  the 
cost  of  the  Panama  Canal. 

San  Francisco  has  a  lower  percentage  of 
bonded  debt  to  the  assessed  valuation  than 
any  larger  city  in  the  United  States. 

Of  the  eleven  principal  cities  of  the 
United  States,  San  Francisco  has  the  low- 
est percentage  of  mortgage  indebtedness  on 
real  estate  and  the  highest  actual  valuation 
of  land  and  improvements  per  capita. 

We  have  across  the  bay  the  three  cities 
of  Oakland,  Alameda  and  Berkeley,  with  a 
combined  population  of  300.000.  There 
are  60,000  people  in  Marin  County  to  the 
north  and  San  Mateo  County  to  the  south. 

The  social  life  of  San  Francisco  is  all 
that  could  be  desired.  Homes  of  all  sizes, 
descriptions  and  rentals  may  be  secured  to 
suit  one's  needs.  It  is  the  greatest  hotel 
city  in  the  United  States  in  proportion  to 
its  size,  and  is  exceeded  only  by  New  York 
in  the  number  and  accommodations.  The 
apartment  house  district  has  grown  with 
great  rapidity  of  late.  Cottages,  bunga- 
lows, homes  on  the  installment  plan,  and 
residences  in  restricted  building  tracts,  all 
can  be  found  in  desirable  localities. 

Clubs,  both  athletic  and  social,  are  nu- 
merous.   The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  has  a  handsome 


WW 


building  near  the  heart  of  the  city. 
Churches  of  every  description  are  to  be 
found.  San  Francisco  is  probably  the  most 
cosmopoHtan  city  on  the  continent.  The 
largest  French  savings  bank,  library  and 
hospital  outside  of  France,  are  located  here. 
Banks,  newspapers  and  restaurants  of  every 
nationality  bespeak  of  flourishing  residents 
from  all  quarters  of  the  globe.  The  thea- 
ters are  new  and  numerous.  It  is  not  un- 
usual to  get  the  Eastern  attractions  via 
special  train  across  the  continent.  The 
hospitals  and  sanatoriums  are  equipped 
with  the  best  that  the  medical  fraternity 
can  find.  Patients  journey  to  San  Fran- 
cisco from  Alaska  to  Mexico  to  receive 
medical  attention. 

According  to  the  figures  of  the  United 
States    Weather    Bureau    there    are    more 


hours  of  sunshine  yearly  in  San  Francisco 
than  in  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Chicago,  Pittsburg  or  St.  Louis.  The  aver- 
age winter  temperature  is  51  degrees  and 
the  average  summer  temperature  59  de- 
grees. The  lowest  temperature  ever  offi- 
cially recorded  here  is  29  degrees  above 
zero.  Snow  has  fallen  but  six  times  in  the 
city's  history.  Flowers  are  sold  in  the 
open  air  the  year  round  at  the  principal 
down-town  corners. 

Perhaps  by  now  you  have  some  concep- 
tion of  what  "Going  West"  may  mean  to 
you.  To  a  city  yet  young,  where  a  few  of 
the  first  settlers  are  still  livfng,  situated  on 
the  largest  land-locked  harbor  in  the  world, 
where  competition  is  welcomed — with  cli- 
mate, health  and  happiness,  we  bid  you 
enter.    The  Golden  Gate  bids  you  welcome. 


"Better  you  had  never  come  than  say  Farewell  to  San  Francisco." 


I 


The   Golden  Gate  of  San  Francisco,   famous  In   song  and   story 
Courtesy  Traveler  De  Luxe 


The  Classic  Colonnade  of  the  Palace  of  Fme  Vrli  rcfJiclcd  m  the  clear  waters  of  the  Fine  Arts  Lagooi 


The  Tower  of  Jewels  rises,  the  dominant  note  of  the  Jewel  City,  its  thousands  of  gems  flash- 
ing in  prismatic  devices  under  the  concentrated  glow  from  fifty  searchlights.  The  recesses 
of  the  colonnades  upon  its  several  terraces  appear  in  an  orange  light;  the  columns  are  delicate 
green.  The  "novagems,"  imitating  every  kind  of  precious  stone,  are  so  hung  that  they  move 
with  the  slightest  stirring  of  the  air;  behind  each  is  a  tiny  mirror.  Increasing  the  glitterlns 
mass  of  color. 


^^«e^^v^^,^|^ 


The  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 

By  the  Publicity  Bureau,  Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 
Historical 


HE  Panama-Pacific  Inter- 
national Exposition  has 
;n  authorized  by  Act  of 
C'(ingress  of  the  United 
States  as  the  nation's  cele- 
iration  of  the  construction 
and  opening  of  the  Pan- 
ama Canal.  It  is  officially  located  at  San 
Francisco,  State  of  California,  the  central 
and  dominant  harbor  city  of  the  Pacific 
Slope  of  North  America.  By  proclamation 
of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the 
nations  of  the  earth  have  been  invited  to 
participate  therein. 

The  conduct  of  the  enterprise  is,  by  vir- 
tue of  the  Act  of  Congress,  confided  to  the 
citizens  of  the  State  of  California  and  of 
the  city  of  San  Francisco. 

In  April,  1910,  at  a  mass  meeting  of  the 
citizens  of  San  Francisco,  held  in  the  Mer- 
chants' Exchange  Building,  the  first  step 
was  taken,  when,  in  a  space  of  two  hours, 
a  fund  of  $4,000,000  was  raised  by  popu- 
lar subscription.  Later,  by  further  pledges, 
this  was  increased  to  $7,.500,000. 

Amending  their  constitution,  as  an  en- 
abling act,  the  people  of  California  voted 
upon  themselves  a  tax  levy  of  $.5,000,000 : 
and  amending  their  charter,  the  citizens  of 
San  Francisco  voted  upon  the  city  a  bond 
issue  of  $5,000,000.  By  Act  of  the  State 
Legislature,  the  counties  of  the  State  were 
authorized  to  levy  a  tax  of  not  to  exceed 
6  cents  on  the  $100  assessed  valuation  for 
county  displays,  from  which  it  is  estimated 
will  be  derived  approximately  $3,000,000. 
Thus  a  sum  of  about  $20,000,000  has  been 
raised  entirely  by  the  citizens  of  California, 
to  enable  them  properly  to  perform  the 
duties  entrusted  to  them  by  the  nation. 

Actual  construction  work  was  publicly 
begun  October  14,  1911,  President  Taft 
turning  the  first  spadeful  of  earth ;  and  on 
February  2,  1912,  he  made  official  procla- 
mation of  the  celebration,  inviting  the  na- 
tions to  join  therein. 

The  colossal  task  of  planning,  construct- 
ing and  operating  this  great  enterprise  was 
entrusted  to  an  organization  selected  as 
follows: 


A  committee  of  three,  chosen  by  the 
people  of  San  Francisco,  selected  a  com- 
mittee of  300,  representative  of  the  entire 
citizenry.  That  committee  of  300  selected 
a  Board  of  Directors  of  thirty.  The  Board 
of  Directors  chose  its  own  officers  and  be- 
gan work. 

The  Wonderful  Exposition  Site 

It  is  doubtful  if,  anywhere  in  the  world, 
could  be  found  a  site  for  a  great  Exposi- 
tion which  surpasses  or  even  equals  this  in 
its  combination  of  accessibility,  scenic 
beauty,  and  advantages. 

It  is  a  natural  amphitheater  with  a  floor 
about  three  miles  long  and  from  a  third  to 
a  half  mile  wide,  backed  by  low  hills, 
flanked  at  each  end  by  Government  reser- 
vations and  fortifications  and  fronting  for 
its  whole  length  on  the  beautiful  blue  San 
Francisco  Bay.  It  lies  just  within  the 
famous  "Golden  Gate."  It  is  about  two 
miles  from  the  business  center  of  San 
Francisco  and  on  the  hills  behind  it  is  the 
best  residential  district  of  the  city.  Mag- 
nificent mountain  and  marine  views  sur- 
round it.  and  whether  the  eye  rests  upon 
sea  or  shore  or  city  height,  there  is  the 
charm  and  thrill  of  impressive  beauty. 

The  grounds  comprise  635  acres,  divided 
into  three  sections.  In  the  center  are 
grouped  the  eleven  great  exhibit  palaces 
and  Festival  Hall.  To  the  west,  spreading 
fan-shaped  along  the  bay,  are  located  the 
pavilions  of  foreign  nations  and  the  impos- 
ing buildings  of  the  States,  while  still  be- 
yond these  are  the  livestock  exhibit  build- 
ings and  race  track,  covering  65  acres,  the 
aviation  field,  and  the  drill  grounds,  capable 
of  showing  10,000  troops  in  drill  at  one 
time.  To  the  east  of  the  exhibit  palaces  lie 
the  65  acres  devoted  to  the  amusement  con- 
cessions. 

The  distribution  of  the  acreage  is  sum- 
marized as  follows:  Concession  district, 
69.2 ;  railway  yards,  wharves,  and  docks, 
17.1;  exhibit  palace  site  proper,  217.3; 
street  railway  terminals,  2.3 ;  State  pavilion 
sites.  42.3 ;  foreign  pavilion  sites,  49.7 ; 
aviation  field,  drill  grounds  and  race  track, 


L 


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y/m/rM/r 


37.7;  livestock  section,  24.3;  life-saving  sta- 
tion, 1.1 ;  United  States  Government  ex- 
hibit, 12.7  ;  available  for  additional  exhibits, 
10.3;  miscellaneous  acres,  141.  Total  area 
for  definite  purposes,  625  acres. 

The  Exposition  Auditorium 
Designed  by  Messrs.  John  Galen  How- 
ard, Frederick  H.  Meyer  and  John  Reid, 
Jr.  The  Exposition  Auditorium  is  a  four- 
story  construction  of  steel  and  stone  and 
graces  the  Civic  Center  of  San  Francisco. 
It  will  be  a  lasting  and  beautiful  monument 
to  the  Panama-Pacific  International  Expo- 


sition. The  Exposition  management  has 
paid  over  $1,000,000  for  its  erection  and 
the  City  and  County  of  San  Francisco  has 
paid  $1,000,000  for  the  site.  The  main 
auditorium  of  this  building  accommodates 
13,000  persons. 

Conventions 
Over  500  conventions  and  congresses 
have  chosen  San  Francisco  as  their  meet- 
ing place  in  1915.  These  cover  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  and  it  has  been  esti- 
mated that  the  attendance  from  delegates 
and  their  families  and  friends  interested 
will  reach  at  least  half  a  million. 


She  sent  for  me  in  haste  to  come  and  see 
What  her  condition  for  a  cure  might  be. 
Dear  me!  a  patient — what  a  happy  tone, 
To  have  a  patient  and  one  all  my  own — 
To  have  a  patient  and  myself  be  feed. 
Raised  expectations  very  high  indeed — 
I  saw  a  practice  growing  from  the  seed. 

— Wm.  Tod  Helmuth,  My  First  Patient. 


The   world-famous  Greek   Theater,   at  the  University  of  California,  Berkeley 
Courtesy  Traveler  De  Luxe 


^^ 


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"^'OfA:; 


^5-1 


HOW  TO  SEE  SAN  FRANCISCO   BY   TROLLEY   AND   CABLE 


Trolley  Trip  No.  1 

Nob  Hill,  the  Golden  Gate,  Land's  End, 
Sutro  Heights,  Sutro  Baths,  Cliff  House 
and  Seal  Rocks. 

Take  California  Street  cable  car  going 
west,  and  transfer  at  Presidio  Avenue  to 
trolley  line  No.  1,  marked  "Cliff,"  continu- 
ing west  on  California  Street.  Return  by 
the  same  line,  but  omit  the  transfer  coming 
back. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  2 

Market  Street,  Park  Panhandle,  Affili- 
ated Colleges  and  the  Heights  overlooking 
the  Sunset  District  and  the  Pacific  Ocean ; 
returning  by  the  Twin  Peaks  Switch-back. 

Take  Hayes  Street  line  No.  6,  marked 
"Ninth  Avenue,"  at  the  Ferry,  or  any- 
where on  Market  Street,  going  westward. 
Returning,  transfer  at  Ashbury  Street  to 
car  going  south,  and  transfer  again  at 
Eighteenth  to  Castro  Street  car  No.  8, 
going  toward  Ferry.  Ask  for  your  trans- 
fer on  boarding  car. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  3 

Nob  Hill,  Chinatown,  Fishermen's 
Wharf,  Crab  and  Fish  Market,  North 
Beach,  Marine  Reporting  Station  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Immigration  Sta- 
tion, Custom  House  Station,  Quarantine; 
Latin  Quarter,  Portsmouth  Square  and  the 
Robert  Louis  Stevenson  Monument,  Hall 
of  Justice,  Chinatown  again. 

Take  "Market  and  Powell,  Bay  and  Tay- 
lor" cable  car,  north  bound,  at  Market  and 
Powell  Streets,  or  anywhere  on  Powell 
Street,  or  by  transfer  from  any  Market 
Street  car,  and  go  to  terminus.  Returning, 
take  trolley  car  marked  "15,"  at  end  of 
Powell  Street,  ask  for  transfer,  and  at 
Kearny  and  Sacramento  Streets  change  to 
west  bound  cable.  Ask  for  transfer  again, 
and  at  Powell  change  to  any  south  bound 
car. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  4 

Presidio  Military  Reservation  and  Expo- 
sition Site  at  Harbor  View,  by  way  of 
O'Farrell  Street  and  the  retail  and  apart- 
ment house  districts.  Returning  by  Fill- 
more Street  Hill,  Nob  Hill  and  Powell 
Street. 

Take  O'Farrell  Street  cable  car  at  Mar- 


ket and  O'Farrell  Streets,  transfer  at  Union 
Street  to  trolley  car  marked  "Presidio," 
west  bound,  and  go  to  end  of  line.  Re- 
turning, change  at  Fillmore  Street  to  car 
bound  south  (up  the  hill)  and  at  Washing- 
ton Street  change  again  to  "Washington, 
Jackson,  Powell  and  Market"  cable  car 
bound  east. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  5 

Union  Iron  Works,  Potrero  Industrial 
District,  Islais  Creek,  Butcher  Town,  Bay 
View,  Six-Mile  House  and  Visitacion  Val- 
ley; returning  by  way  of  the  Mission. 

Take  Kentucky  Street  line  No.  16,  any- 
where along  Kearny  Street,  or  at  Third 
and  Market;  ask  for  transfer,  and  ride  to 
terminus  at  Thirty- second  Avenue  South. 
Change  here  to  "Visitacion  Valley,  Rail- 
road Avenue  and  Mission"  line.  Return- 
ing, take  "Cemeteries"  car,  No.  14,  or  San 
Mateo  car,  east  bound,  the  first  of  which 
will  take  you  down  Mission  Street,  and  the 
second  to  Fifth  and  Market. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  6 

San  Mateo  by  way  of  "The  Mission," 
Daly  City,  the  Cemeteries,  Tanforan,  Bur- 
lingame  and  Hillsboro.  Returning  by  way 
of  San  Jose  Avenue  and  Guerrero  Street. 

Take  San  Mateo  car  at  Fifth  and  Mar- 
ket Streets.  The  fare  to  San  Mateo  is 
twenty-five  cents.  Returning,  pay  twenty 
cents  to  Daly  City  and  there  change  to 
Ocean  View  line  No.  26,  marked  "Ferries 
and  Daly  City  (or  Ocean  View)  via  Mis- 
sion, Guerrero  Street  and  San  Jose  Ave- 
nue." 

Trolley  Trip  No.  7 

Mission  Street,  the  Mint,  Postoffice,  Na- 
tional Guard  Armory,  Mission  residence 
and  business  district,  great  viaduct,  Sutro 
Forest,  Ocean  Avenue,  Lake  Merced,  Sloat 
Boulevard,  Great  Highway  and  the  Ocean 
Beach ;  returning  through  Parkside  and  the 
Sunset  district,  along  south  side  of  Golden 
Gate  Park  by  Switch-Back  Railway  on  the 
slope  of  Twin  Peaks,  down  through  "The 
ATission"  and  the  industrial  district,  to 
Third  Street  and  up  to  Market. 

Take  Ingleside  line  No.  12,  on  Mission 
Street,  going  westward.  Returning,  trans- 
fer at  Thirty-fifth  Avenue  to  Parkside  car 


i:^  -- 


II 


going  northward ;  transfer  again  at  Twen- 
tieth Avenue  and  Lincoln  Way  to  line  20, 
"Ellis  and  Ocean"  car  going  east;  at 
Waller  and  Stanyan,  transfer  to  "Third 
and  Harrison  and  Park"  car,  going  east; 
at  Third  Street  transfer  to  any  Third 
Street  car  bound  north,  to  Third  and  Mar- 
ket Streets.  Ask  for  your  transfer  when 
you  board  the  cars. 

Trolley  Trip  No.  8 

Buena  Vista  Park,  and  view  over  city, 
bay  and  ocean. 

Take  Haight  Street  line  No.  7,  on  Mar- 
ket Street,  and  get  off  at  Buena  Vista  Park 
entrance,  opposite  the  end  of  Lyon  Street. 
Return  by  the  same  way. 


Trolley  Trip  No.  9 

By  the  sightseeing  car  of  the  United 
Railroads.  Fare,  75  cents,  which  includes 
entrance  fee  to  Sutro  Museum  and  Baths. 

Lower  Market  Street,  Post  Street  and 
the  retail  district.  Union  Square,  Dewey 
Monument,  Presidio,  Golden  Gate,  Land's 
End,  Sutro  Baths  and  Museum,  Cliff 
House  and  Seal  Rocks,  Lincoln  Park,  Fort 
Miley,  Golden  Gate  Park,  Park  Panhandle, 
Ashbury  Heights,  Affiliated  Colleges,  Mis- 
sion Dolores,  through  the  Mission  district 
and  back  to  Market  Street. 

Car  leaves  its  station  inside  Ferry  Loop 
at  10  a.  m.  and  2  p.  m.,  and  makes  a  stop 
at  Montgomery,  Post  and  Market  Streets 
at  10 :05  a.  m.  and  at  2 :05  p.  m. 


POINTS    OF    INTEREST    IN    SAN  FRANCISCO  AND  LINES 

OF    CARS    BY    WHICH    THEY    MAY    MOST 

READILY   BE    REACHED 


Angel  Island,  Goat  Island,  Alcatras  Island 
— These  insular  military  reservations  are 
reached  by  Government  steamer,  on  the  bay. 
A  pass  is  required,  obtainable  from  the 
quartermaster  at  the  Presidio.  To  land  at 
Alcatraz  (the  military  prison),  an  additional 
pass  from  the  commanding  officer  at  the 
Presidio  is  necessary. 

Affiliated  Colleges— At  Third  and  Par- 
nassus Avenues.  Can  be  reached  by  Hayes 
No.  6. 

Baker's  Beach — South  part  of  west  shore 
of  Presidio,  to  bluffs  north  of  Lincoln  Park. 
Can  be  reached  by  Sutter  and  California 
No.  1,  marked  "Cliff." 

Baseball  Grounds — At  Fifteenth  and  Va- 
lencia Streets.  Can  be  reached  by  Valencia 
No.  9,  Guerrero  No.  10,  Eighteenth  and 
Park  line   (no  number). 

Buena  Vista  Park  —  Lies  south  from 
Haight  Street,  between  Broderick  and  Ma- 
sonic Avenue.  Reached  by  Haight  No.  7 
and  Hayes  No.  G. 

California  Development  Board's  Exhibit 
of  California  Products  —  Ferry  building, 
foot  of  Market  Street.  Can  be  reached  by 
any  Market  or  Mission  Street  car,  or  Sac- 


ramento Street  line,  or  Union  Street  line, 
running  eastward,  or  municipal  car  lines, 
A,  B,  C,  D  and  E. 

California  Market — On  California  Street, 
between  Kearny  and  Montgomery.  Reached 
by  Kearny  No.  15,  Kentucky  No.  16,  Tenth 
and  Montgomery  (no  number),  and  by 
California  Street  cable. 

Chinatown — From  Kearny  to  Stockton, 
and  California  to  Pacific  Streets.  Reached 
by  Kearny  No.  15,  Kentucky  No.  16,  Tenth 
and  Montgomery  (no  number),  Sacramento 
cable  and  California  Street  cable. 

Cliff  House — At  Forty-ninth  Avenue  and 
Ocean  Boulevard.  Reached  by  Sutter  and 
California  No.  1,  marked  "Cliff,"  Sutter  and 
Clement  No.  2,  McAllister  No.  5,  Ellis  and 
Ocean  No.  20,  and  by  Geary  Street  munici- 
pal line. 

Free  Library — Hayes  and  Franklin 
Streets.    Can  be  reached  by  Hayes  No.  6. 

Fort  Mason — From  Van  Ness  Avenue  to 
Laguna  Street,  and  Bay  Street  to  the  beach. 
Can  be  reached  by  the  Polk  Street  line  (no 
number),  municipal  car  lines  F  and  H,  and 
by  O'Farrell,  Hyde  and  Jones  Street  cable. 


Ferry  Building — Foot  of  Market  Street. 
Can  be  reached  by  the  following  lines  direct, 
and  from  intersecting  lines  by  transfer: 
Turk  and  Eddy  No.  4,  McAllister  No.  5, 
Hayes  No.  6,  Haight  No.  7,  Market  No.  8, 
Valencia  No.  9,  Guerrero  No.  10,  Mission 
and  Twenty-fourth  No.  11,  Ingleside  No. 
18,  Cemeteries  No.  14,  Ocean  View  No.  26, 
Kentucky  No.  16,  Howard  (no  number), 
Folsom  (no  number),  Harrison  (no  num- 
ber), and  Sacramento  cable  (no  number), 
municipal  car  lines  A,  B,  C,  D  and  E. 

Fort  Winfield  Scott — An  old-time  relic  of 
early  days.  Stands  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Golden  Gate  and  is  garrisoned  by  a  small 
number  of  soldiers.  It  is  equipped  with  old- 
style  guns,  and  is  a  most  interesting  relic. 
One  must  have  a  pass  from  the  command- 
ing officer  to  obtain  admission. 

Golden  Gate  Park — Reached  by  Turk  and 
Eddy  No.  4,  Hayes  No.  6.  Ellis  and  Ocean 
No.  20,  McAllister  No.  5,  Haight  No.  7, 
Hayes  and  Ellis  No.  21,  Eighteenth  and 
Park  (no  number),  and  by  municipal  line 
A. 

Hall  of  Justice — Kearny,  between  Wash- 
ington and  Clay  Streets.  Can  be  reached 
by  Third  and  Kearny  No.  15,  Kentucky  No. 
16,  Tenth  and  Montgomery  line  (no  num- 
ber). 

Hunter's  Point  Drydo'cks — Between  First 
and  Third  Avenues  South  and  the  bay. 
Nearest  point  reached  by  the  Kentucky  line 
No.  16.  Get  off  at  Revere  Avenue  and  walk 
southeast  on  Revere. 

Ingleside — Northeast  of  Lake  Merced. 
Can  be  reached  by  the  Ingleside  No.  12  and 
the  Parkside  line  (no  number). 

Latin  Quarter — Can  be  reached  by  Pre- 
sidio and  Ferries  (Union  Street)  line,  Third 
and  Kearny  No.  15,  Kentucky  No.  16,  and 
Powell  cable  line  (no  number). 

Lake  Merced — (See  Ingleside). 

Lincoln  Park — At  Thirty-third  Avenue 
and  Clement  Street.  Can  be  reached  by 
Sutter  and  California  No.  1,  and  Sutter  and 
Clement  No.  2. 

Lone  Mountain — Between  Masonic  and 
Parker  Avenues,   St.   Rose's   Avenue 


Turk  Street.  Can  be  reached  by  Sutter  and 
Clement  No.  2,  and  McAllister  No.  5,  and 
by  municipal  lines  A,  B  and  C. 

Mining  Bureau — Ferry  Building,  foot  of 
Market  Street.  Open  10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  A 
very  valuable  collection  of  mineral  speci- 
mens. 

Mint — West  side  of  Fifth  Street,  corner 
Mission  Street.  The  Mint  has  one  of  the 
finest  numismatic  collections  in  the  world. 
It  can  coin  a  million  ounces  a  month,  and 
employs  130  men  and  42  women.  Public 
admitted  free,  9  to  11:30  a.  m.  and  12:30 
to  2 :30  p.  m. 

Mission  Dolores — At  Sixteenth  and  Do- 
lores Streets.  Take  Market  Street  line  No. 
8,  transfer  at  Church  Street  to  Fillmore  and 
Sixteenth  line  No.  22,  south  bound,  and  get 
off  at  Sixteenth  Street.  Can  be  reached  by 
Guerrero  line  No.  10,  Eighteenth  and  Park 
line  (no  number),  Fillmore  and  Sixteenth 
line  No.  22,  and  Mission  and  Richmond  line 
No.  24. 

Nob  Hill — Between  California  and  Wash- 
ington Streets,  and  Powell  and  Leaven- 
worth. Reached  by  the  Powell  cable  and 
Sacramento  cable  (no  numbers)  ;  also  by 
California  Street  cable. 

Pacific  Heights — Can  be  reached  by  Sut- 
ter and  Jackson  No.  3,  Washington  and 
Jackson  cable  (no  number),  and  Pacific 
Avenue  cable  (no  number). 

Pacific  Mail  Dock — Located  at  foot  of 
Second  Street.  Can  be  reached  by  a  short 
walk  from  Third  and  Kearny  No.  15,  Ken- 
tucky No.  16,  and  First  and  Fifth  Streets 
line  (no  number),  and  the  Bryant  Street 
line  (no  number). 

Panama-Pacific  International  Exposition 
— At  Harbor  View,  from  Fort  Mason  to  the 
Presidio,  and  from  the  water  half  a  mile 
inland.  Take  any  Sutter  Street  car, 
municipal  lines  D,  E,  F  and  H,  and  trans- 
fer to  Fillmore.  To  reach  State  and 
foreign  buildings  in  the  Presidio,  take 
Presidio  and  Ferries  car  (Union  Street 
line)  from  the  Ferry,  or  on  transfer  from 
the  O'Farrell  Street  line,  and  go  to  termi- 
nus. 


glu) 


CEDARS   OF'   LKBANON 

Flat-Topped  Cypresses,  Found  Nowhere  Else  In  America,  Though  Known  in  Japan  and 

Called  In  Palestine  the  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  on  the  Bold  Promontories  of  the  Monterey 

Coast  Along  the  Spectacular  Forty  Miles  of  the  Del  Monte  Drive 


TpffT^ 


Postoffice — This  elegant  building,  at  the 
corner  of  Seventh  and  Mission  Streets,  was 
completed  in  1905,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
elegant  and  substantial  structures  west  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Presidio  of  San  Francisco — Reached  by 
Sixteenth  and  Fillmore  line  No.  23,  and 
Sutter  and  Jackson  line  No.  3.  Also  by 
municipal  E  (Union  Street)  line  start- 
ing at  the  Ferry  Building,  or  by  trans- 
fer at  Hyde  and  Union  from  Hyde  and 
O'Farrell  Street  line,  or  at  Polk  and  Vallejo 
from  Polk  Street  line. 

Russian  Hill — From  Leavenworth  to  Lar- 
kin,  and  Union  to  Chestnut  Street.  Reached 
by  Ninth  and  Polk  line  (no  number). 

State  Mining  Bureau  and  Mineral  Mu- 
seum —  Ferry  Building,  foot  of  Market 
Street.  Can  be  reached  by  any  Market 
or  Mission  Street  car.  or  Sacramento  Street 
line,  or  Union  Street  line,  running  east- 
ward, or  municipal  car  lines  A,  B,  C,  D 
and  E. 

Sutro  Baths  and  Museum — (See  Cliff 
House). 

Telegraph  Hill —  (Nearest  approach) 
Third  and  Kearny  No.  15.  The  easiest 
ascent  is  eastward  on  Greenwich  Street, 
from  Powell. 

Temporary  City  Hall — Between  Eighth 
and  Ninth  Streets  on  Market.  Can  be 
reached  by  Market  No.  8,   Haight  No.  7, 


Valencia  No.  9,  Hayes  No.  6,  and  Ninth  and 
Polk  Streets  No.  19. 

Third  and  Tmvnsend  Depot — Reached  by 
Third  and  Kearny  No.  15,  Kentucky  No.  16, 
Ellis  and  Ocean  No.  20,  Harrison  (no  num- 
ber)  from  the  ferry. 

Twin  Peaks — Reached  by  the  Eighteenth 
and  Park  line  (no  number). 

Union  Iron  Works — Located  at  Twen- 
tieth and  Illinois  Streets.  Reached  by  Ken- 
tucky No.  16. 

United  States  Mint— At  Fifth  and  Mis- 
sion Streets.  Reached  by  Turk  and  Eddy 
No.  4,  McAllister  No.  5,  Hayes  No.  6, 
Haight  No.  7,  Market  No.  8,  Valencia  No. 
9,  Guerrero  No.  10,  Mission  and  Twenty- 
fourth  No.  11,  Ingleside  No.  12,  Cemeteries 
No.  14,  Ocean  View  No.  26,  and  San  Bruno 
No.  23. 

U.  S.  Custom  House,  and  Appraiser's 
Building — Located  between  Sansome  and 
Battery,  Washington  and  Jackson  Streets. 
Reached  by  Sacramento  cable  (no  number). 
Sixth  and  Sansome  (no  number),  and  Pre- 
sidio and  Ferries  (Union  Street). 

U.  S.  Court  House  and  Postoffice  Build- 
ing—  At  Seventh  and  Mission  Streets. 
Reached  by  McAllister  No.  5,  Hayes  No.  6, 
Haight  No.  7,  Market  No.  8,  Valencia  No. 
9,  Guerrero  No.  10,  Mission  and  Twenty- 
fourth  No.  11,  Ingleside  No.  12,  Cemeteries 
No.  14,  Mission  No.  18,  and  Ocean  View 
No.  26. 


^^ 


SHOET    OUT-OF-TOWN   TRIPS 


Mt.  Tamalpais  and  Muir  Woods:  Start 
from  Ferry  Depot  via  boat. 

Triangle  Trip  via  Northwestern  Pacific 
Railroad:  Via  boat  from  Ferry  Depot. 

Ocean  Shore  Scenic  Trip :  Depot  Twelfth 
and  Mission  Streets. 

Key  Trolley  Trip  via  Key  Route :  Via 
boat  from  Ferry  Depot. 

Mare  Island  (U.  S.  Navy  Yard)  and 
Napa  Valley  Electric  Route:  Monticello 
Steamship   Co..   from  Clay   Street   Wharf. 

Down  the  Peninsula :  Via  S.  P.  train. 
Third  and  Townsend  Streets,  or  by  United 
Railroads'  Electric  Line. 


Netherland  Route,  Sacramento  River: 
From  Pacific  Street  Wharf. 

Triple  S  Trip,  San  Francisco,  Sacra- 
mento, Stockton;  California  Transportation 
Co.,  from  Jackson  Street  Pier. 

Mt.  Hamilton  Observatory:  From  San 
Jose. 

Before  you  leave  California,  see  Lake 
Tahoe,  Mariposa  Big  Trees,  The  Yosemite 
Valley,  American  River  Canyon,  Lake 
County's  Alpine  scenery,  Mt.  Shasta,  The 
Geysers,  Desolation  Valley,  Catalina  Island, 
Southern  California,  Mission  San  Juan 
Bautista,  Santa  Cruz,  Monterey  Bay  and 
Redwood  Big  Tree  Grove. 


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BIG   BROTHER  TO   ITALIAN   LAKES 

Lake   Tahoe,   A   Gigantic  Jewel   Set   in   the   Snowy  Granite   of  the   Sierra   Nevada 

Mountains   on   the   California-Nevada   Boundary 

Courtesy  Sunset  Magazine. 


'MB^W^^^^i^^^^^mm: 


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TELEGEAPH,    CABLE   AND   EXPEESS   OFFICES 


Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  Main  of- 
fice, Pine  and  Montgomery.  Messages  can 
be  telephoned  in  by  calling  for  "Western 
Union."    Always  open. 

American  District  Telegraph  Company 
messengers  furnished  at  all  Western  Union 
offices. 

Federal  Telegraph  Co.,  Merchant's  Ex- 
change Building ;  9  a.  m.  to  5  :30  p.  m. 

149  Montgomery ;  7  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. ;  Sun- 
days, 10  a.  m.  to  2  p.  m.,  and  4  p.  m.  to  8 
p.  m. 

Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  of 
America,  Merchants'  Exchange  Building. 
Office  8:30  to  5:30.     Station  always  open. 

Postal  Telegraph  Cable  Co.,  northeast 
corner  Market  and  Battery   (main  office). 


Express  Offices 
Adams  Express  Co.  Tracing,  delivery 
and  claim  department,  54  Post  Street. 
Wagon  and  call  department.  Ferry  Building. 
Money  orders,  travelers'  checks,  foreign 
postal  remittances,  money  paid  by  telegraph. 

Globe  Express  Co.  Tracing,  delivery  and 
claim  department,  54  Post  Street.  General 
Superintendent's  office,  Mills  Building. 
Wagon  and  call  department.  Ferry  Building. 
Money  orders,  travelers'  checks,  foreign 
postal  remittances,  money  paid  by  telegraph. 

Wells  Fargo  &  Co.  Main  office,  Second 
and  Mission  Streets.  Money  orders,  trav- 
elers' checks,  foreign  postal  remittances, 
money  paid  by  telegraph. 


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HOSPITALS   AND   SANATORIUMS 


The  hospitals  and  sanatoriums  of  San 
Francisco  are  all  new  and  of  modern  steel 
frame,  fireproof  construction.  Many  of 
them  have  training  schools  for  nurses  in 
connection  therewith. 

The  City  and  County  Hospital,  now  about 
complete,  under  a  two  and  a  half  million 
dollar  bond  issue,  will  comprise  three  dis- 
tinct groups  of  buildings:  the  main  group, 
the  tuberculosis  group,  and  the  infectious 
group,  with  total  accommodations  for  853 
beds. 

The  main  group  consists  of  the  Adminis- 
tration Building,  the  Nurses'  Home,  four 
Ward  Buildings,  Service  Building,  Power 
House  and  Laundry,  and  the  Morgue. 

The  principal  hospitals  of  San  Francisco, 
with  their  addresses,  are  as  follows: 

Adler  Sanatorium,  Broadway  and  Van 
Ness  Avenue. 

*Children's  Hospital,  California  and  Ma- 
ple Streets. 

*City  and  County  Hospital,  Potrero  Ave- 
nue, between  Twenty-first  and  Twenty- 
third. 

French  Hospital,  Geary  Street,  between 
Fifth  and   Sixth  Avenues. 

*German  Hospital,  Noe,  between  Duboce 
Avenue  and  Fourteenth. 

*Hahnemann  Hospital,  California  and 
Maple  Streets. 

♦Have  training  school  for  nurses. 


Isolation  Hospital,  Army  and  De  Haro. 

*Lane  Hospital,  Clay  and  Webster 
Streets. 

♦Mount  Zion  Hospital,  Post  and  Scott 
Streets. 

*McNutt  Hospital,  Pine  and  Hyde 
Streets. 

Quarantine  Hospital,  Angel  Island. 

Southern  Pacific  Hospital,  Fell  and  Baker 
Streets. 

*St.  Francis  Hospital,  Hyde  and  Bush 
Streets. 

*St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Twenty-seventh  and 
Valencia  Streets. 

*St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Stanyan  and  Hayes 
Streets. 

*St.  Winifred's  Hospital,  1065  Sutter 
Street. 

Trinity  Hospital,  1560  Page  Street. 

United  States  Marine  Hospital,  Four- 
teenth and  Lake  Streets. 

Letterman  General  Hospital  (U.  S. 
Army),  Presidio. 

Florence  N.  Ward  Sanatorium,  Bush  and 
Hyde  Streets. 

*University  of  California  Hospital,  Sec- 
ond and  Parnassus  Avenues. 

Morton  Hospital,  775  Cole  Street. 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Park  Hill  and 
Buena  Vista  Avenues. 


Five  Emergency  Hospitals  are  as  follows : 
Central   Emergency  Hospital,   Stevenson 

Street  near  Eighth. 

Harbor    Emergency    Hospital,    7    Clay 

Street. 


Park  Emergency  Hospital,  Stanyan 
Street  near  Waller. 

Potrero  Emergency  Hospital,  1152  Ken- 
tucky Street. 

Mission  Emergency  Hospital,  Twenty- 
third   Street  and   Potrero  Avenue. 


CHURCHES 


^1 


First  Baptist,  junction  of  Market,  Octa- 
via  and  Waller  Streets. 

Hamilton  Square  Baptist,  Post  Street,  be- 
tween Fillmore  and  Steiner. 

First  Christian,  Duboce  Avenue  and  Noe 
Street. 

West  Side  Christian,  Bush  Street,  be- 
tween Scott  and  Divisadero. 

First  Church  of  Christ,  Scientist,  Cali- 
fornia and  Franklin  Streets. 

First  Congregational  Church,  Post  and 
Mason  Streets. 

Mission  Congregational,  Nineteenth  and 
Dolores  Streets. 

Grace  Cathedral  (Episcopal),  Taylor  and 
Sacramento  Streets. 

Trinity  Church  (Episcopal),  Bush  and 
Gough  Streets. 

St.  Luke's  Holy  Catholic,  Van  Ness  Ave- 
nue and  Clay  Street. 

Eastern  Orthodox  Catholic,  Van  Ness 
Avenue  and  Green  Street. 

Temple  Emaiiu-el  (Hebrew),  Sutter 
Street,  between  Stockton  and  Powell. 

Temple  Israel  (Hebrew),  California  and 
Webster  Streets. 

Geary  Street  Temple  (Hebrew),  Geary 
Street,  near  Fillmore. 

First  English  Lutheran,  Geary  Street, 
between  Gough  and  Octavia. 

Evangelical  Lutheran,  St.  Paul's,  Eddy 
and  Gough  Streets. 

First  Methodist  Episcopal,  Clay  and  Lar- 
kin  Streets. 

Central  Methodist  Episcopal,  O'Farrell 
and  Leavenworth  Streets. 

California  Street  Methodist  Episcopal, 
California  and  Broderick  Streets. 


Grace  Methodist  Episcopal,  Twenty-first 
and  Capp  Streets. 

Calvary  Presbyterian,  Jackson  and  Fill- 
more Streets. 

First  Presbyterian,  Van  Ness  Avenue  and 
Sacramento  Street. 

St.  John's  Presbyterian,  Arguello  Boule- 
vard and  Lake  Street. 

Trinity  Presbyterian,  Twenty-third  and 
Capp  Streets. 

First  United  Presbyterian,  Golden  Gate 
Avenue,  between  Steiner  and  Pierce  Streets. 

St.  Mary's  (CathoHc),  Van  Ness  Avenue 
and  O'Farrell  Street. 

St.  Mary's  (Catholic),  Grant  Avenue  and 
California  Street. 

St.  Francis  of  Assisium  (Catholic),  Co- 
lumbus Avenue  and  Vallejo  Street. 

St.  Patrick's  (Catholic),  744  Mission 
Street. 

St.  Ignatius  (Catholic),  Hayes  and 
Schrader  Streets. 

St.  Boniface  (German  Catholic),  Golden 
Gate  Avenue,  between  Jones  and  Leaven- 
worth. 

Mission  Dolores  (Catholic),  Sixteenth 
and  Dolores  Streets. 

Nuestra  Senora  de  Guadalupe  (Catholic), 
Broadway,  between  Powell  and  Mason 
Streets. 

St.  Dominic's  (Catholic),  Pierce  and 
Bush  Streets. 

Sts.  Peter  and  Paul's  (Catholic),  Grant 
Avenue  and  Filbert  Street. 

Second  New  Jerusalem  Church  (Sweden- 
borgian),  Lyon  and  Washington  Streets. 

First  Unitarian,  Geary  and  Franklin 
Streets. 


GENERAL   INFORMATION 


AUTOMOBILE  RATES 
Carrying  Not  More  Than  Four  Passengers 
First  one-half  hour  or  fraction  thereof,  $2.00 ; 
for  each  hour  thereafter  at  the  rate  of,  per  hour. 
Excepting:  From  the  Ferry  at  the  east  end 
of  Market   Street  or  from  Third  and  Townsend 
Streets,  or  other  ferry  steamboat  or  railway  de- 
pots, to  hotels : 

TAXICAB  RATES 
Tariff  No.  1  (One  or  Two  Passengers) 
First  three-fifths  of  a  mile  or  fraction  thereof, 
60  cents;  each  one-fifth  of  a  mile  thereafter,  10 
cents ;  each  three  minutes  of  waiting,  10  cents. 
Tariff  No.  3  (Three  or  Four  Passengers) 
First  one-third  of  a  mile  or  fraction  thereof,  60 
cents ;    each    one-sixth    of   a    mile    thereafter,    10 
cents ;   each   three   minutes  of  waiting,   10  cents ; 
for  each  additional  passenger  over  four  persons 
for  the  entire  trip,  50  cents.     When  charges  for 
trip  or  trips  exceed  the  rates  per  hour,  charges 
shall  be  made  by  the  hour.    The  rate  by  the  hour 
shall  be  $3.50. 

FLAT  RATES  TO  DOWN-TOWN  HOTELS 
The  city  ordinance  requires  taxicabs,  automo- 
biles and  carriages  to  carry  passengers  from  the 
Ferry  Depot,  Third  and  Townsend  Street  Depot 
or  steamboat  landings  to  any  down-town  hotel  in 
the  "Down-town  Hotel  District"  for  a  flat  rate 
of  $1.00  for  from  one  to  four  passengers ;  each 
additional  passenger,  25  cents;  trunks,  50  cents. 

FOREIGN  CONSULS 

Argentine— Boutv/e\l  Dunlap,  First  National  Bank 
Building. 

Austria-Hungary— Dr.  Josef  Goricar,  311  Cali- 
fornia Street. 

Belgium— M.  F.  BioUey,  311  California  Street. 

Bolivia — Carlos  Sanjines,  235  Montgomery  Street. 

Bras//— Archibald  Barnard,  Monadnock  Building. 

Chile— Arturo  Lorca,  311  California  Street. 

China— Kee  Owyang,  653  Kearny  Street. 

Colombia  —  Francisco  Valencia,  311  California 
Street. 

Costa  Rica— Dr.  P.  de  Obario,  510  Battery  Street. 

Denmark—].  E.  Boggild,  Mills  Building,  Mont- 
gomery Street. 

Dominican  Republic — John  Barneson,  310  San- 
some   Street. 

Ecuador — Juan  Chavez,  311  California  Street. 

Frawce— Raphael   Monnet,   108   Sutter  Street. 

German  Empire — Franz  Bopp,  201  Sansome  Street. 

Great  Britain  —  Alexander  Carnegie  Ross,  268 
Market  Street. 

Greece — Richard  de  Fontana,  693  Mission  Street. 

Guatemala — Juan  Padilla  Matute,  460  Montgom- 
ery Street. 

Honduras — Gen.  F.  S.  Vivas,  1205  Leavenworth 
Street. 

Italy— C.   Danco,   135  Stockton   Street. 

Japan — Yatsutaro   Numano,   221    Sansome   Street. 

Liberia — Ray  P.  SafTold.  568  Golden  Gate  Avenue. 

Monaco — Ray  P.  Safifold.  568  Golden  Gate  Avenue. 

Mexico — Ant.  L.  Grajeda,  519  California  Street. 


Netherlands— G.  J.  G.  Marsily,  628  Montgomery 
Street. 

Norway  — Henry  Lund,  Marine  Building,  214 
Front  Street. 

Nicaragua— AdoH  Vivas,  311  California  Street. 

Panama — Alejandro  Briceno,  510  Battery  Street. 

Paraguay— Eustorjio  Calderon,  561  Hyde  Street 

Persia — Harry  Thornton  Moore. 

Peru — Enrique  Grau,  510  Battery  Street. 

Portugal— Simao  Lopes  Ferreira,  347  Front  Street. 

Russia — Pierra  Rodjestwensky,  461  Market  Street. 

Salvador— E.  Melia,  460  Montgomery  Street. 

Spain— VaWe  de  Salazar,  817  Pacific  Building. 

Sweden — Wm.  Maston,  268  Market  Street. 

Suntzerland  —  Anto'me  Borel,  440  Montgomery 
Street. 

rur^^ji— Maurice  Hall,  250  Powell  Street. 

Uruguay— O.  M.  Goldaracena,  4  Columbus  Ave. 

Venezuela — Jos.  L.  Eastland,  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. 

HEADQUARTERS    OF    LEADING    LODGES 

Masonic  Grand  Lodge,  Masonic  Temple,  Hayes 
Street  and  Van  Ness  Avenue. 

I.  O.  O.  F.  Grand  Lodge,  Seventh  and  Market 
Streets. 

Ancient  Order  of  Foresters,  337  Pacific  Building. 

A.  O.  U.  W.,  311  Pacific  Building. 

Elks,  540  Powell  Street. 

Foresters  of  America,  Grant  Building,  Seventh 
and  Market  Streets. 

Red  Men,  240  Golden  Gate  Avenue. 

Eagles,  1695  Market  Street. 

Maccabees,  First  National  Bank  Building,  Oak- 
land. 

Knights  of  Pythias,  726  Pacific  Building. 

N.  S.  G.  W.,  135  Stockton  Street. 

Hermann  Sons,  2249  Clement  Street. 

Sons  of  St.  George,  157  Nev  Street. 

Royal  Arcanum,  338  Pine  Street. 

Druids,  Laguna  and  Hayes  Streets. 

Woodmen  of  the  World.  2140  Market  Street. 

Young  Men's  Institute,  92  Sanchez  Street. 

PRINCIPAL    CLUBS 

Argonaut,  Post  and  Powell  Streets. 

Army  and  Navy,  126  Post  Street. 

Bohemian,  Post  and  Taylor  Streets. 

California,  1750  Clay  Street. 

Century,  1355  Franklin  Street. 

Cercle  de  L'Union,  220  Post  Street. 

Camera,  833  Market  Street. 

California  Lawn  Tennis,  Scott  and  Bush  Streets. 

Commonwealth,  153  Kearnv  Street. 

Concordia,  1141  Van  Ness  Avenue. 

Corinthian  Yacht  Club,  Tiburon,  Marin  County, 
California. 

Elks,  Powell,  between  Sutter  and  Bush  Streets. 

Family,  545  Powell  Street. 

Forum,  220  Post  Street. 

Olympic,  524  Post  Street. 

Pacific  Union,  California  and  Mason  Streets. 

Press.  Powell  and  Sutter  Streets. 

Presidio  Golf  Club,  8  Presidio  Terrace. 

San  Francisco  Commercial  Club,  Merchants' 
Exchange  Building. 


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S.  F.  Scottish  Thistle,  121  Larkin  Street. 
S.  F.  Turn  Verein,  2466  Sutter  Street. 
S.  F.  Yacht  Club,  Union  Trust  Building. 
Southern,  California  Street  near  Stockton. 
Town  and  Country,  218  Stockton  Street. 
Transportation,  Palace  Hotel. 
Union  League,  Powell  and  O'Farrell  Streets. 
University,  Powell  and  California  Streets. 

STEAMSHIP  OFFICES 

Alaska  Pacific  S.  S.  Co.,  65  Market  Street. 

California  Atlantic  S.  S.  Co.,  418  Merchants' 
Exchange  Building. 

Canadian  Pacific  S.  S.  Co.,  645  Market  Street. 

Hamburg  American  Line,  160  Powell  Street. 

Independent  S.  S.  Co.,  648A  Market  Street. 

Matson  Navigation  Co.,  268  Market  Street. 

North  German  Lloyd,  250  Powell  Street. 

North  Pacific  S.  S.  Co.,  654  Market  Street. 

Oceanic  S.  S.  Co.,  673  Market  Street. 

Pacific  Coast  S.  S.  Co.,  653  Market  Street. 

Pacific  Mail  S.  S.  Co.,  Flood  Building. 

Pacific  Navigation  Co.,  678  Market  Street. 

S.  F.  &  Portland  S.  S.  Co.,  Flood  Building. 

Toyo  Kisen  Kaisha,  Merchants'  National  Bank 
Building. 

Union  Steamship  Co.,  Mills  Building. 

Anchor  Line,  878  Market  Street. 

Cunard  Line,  42  Powell  Street. 

STEAMSHIP    PIERS 
Union  Ferry  Slips — Ferries  to 
Berkeley,    Point   Richmond,    Sausalito,    Alameda 
and  Oakland 
Connecting  with 
Southern  Pacific   Main  Line   Trains 
Pier    3  and  5 — Bay  and  River  Boats. 
Pier    7 — Pacific  Navigation  Steamship  Co. 
Piers  9  and  11 — Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  13 — North  Pacific  Steamship  Co.  and  South 

Coast  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  19 — Kosmos  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  21 — Oceanic  Steamship  Co. 
Piers  23  and  25 — American  Hawaiian  Steamship 

Co. 
Pier  27 — American  Hawaiian  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  10 — .Maska  Pacific  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  12 — Union  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  34 — Toyo-Kisen  Kaisha  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  36 — California  Atlantic  Steamship  Co. 
Pier  48 — Matson  Navigation  Co. 
Pier  40 — San   Francisco  and  Portland  Steamship 

Co. 
Piers  42  and  44 — Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Co. 

SOUTHERN   PACIFIC 
Local  Ferry  Trains  via  Oakland  Pier 

To  Oakland,  Sixteenth  Street  and  Berkeley  via 
Shattuck  Avenue  and  Ellsworth  Street  Line— 
Daily — From  6  :00  a.  m.  and  every  20  minutes  until 
8:20  p.  m.,  inclusive;  then  9:00,  9:40,  10:20,  11:00 
and  11:40  p.  m.,  12:20  and  1:20  a.  m.  Additional 
service  Saturdays  and  Sundays  only — 8 :40  p.  m., 
9:20,  10:00,  10:40.  11:20  p.  m. 

To  Oakland,  Washington,  Broadway,  East  Oak- 
land, Fruitvale  and  Melrose,  via  Seventh  Street — 
Daily — From  6 :00  a.  m.,  and  every  twenty  minutes 
until  8:20  p.  m.,  inclusive;  then  9:00,  9:40,  10:20. 


11:00  and  11:40  p.  m.,  12:20  a.  m.  and  1:20  a.  m. 
Additional  service,  Saturdays  and  Sundays  only— 
8  :40  p.  m.,  9  :20,  10  :00,  10  :40  and  11 :20  p.  m. 

To  Berkeley,  via  California  Street  and  West 
Berkeley,  Albany  via  Ninth  Street  Lincj— Daily— 
*6  :00  a.  m.,  §6  :20,  §6  :40,  §7  :00  and  every  20  min- 
utes until  8:20  p.  m.,  inclusive;  then  9:00,  9:40, 
10:20,  11:00,  11:40  p.  ni.,  12:20  and  1:20  a.  m. 
Additional  boats  Saturdays  and  Sundays  only. 

Horseshoe  via  Seventh  Street  to  Fruitvale  and 
Third  and  Pacific  Avenue,  Alameda,  North  Side— 

Daily— From  6:00  a.  m.,  §6:20,  6:40,  7:00,  7:20 
7  :40,  8  :00,  8  :20,  8  :40,  9 :40,  11 :00  a.  m. ;  then  12  :20 
p.  m.,  1:40,  3:00,  4:00,  4:20,  4:40,  5:00,  5:20,  5:40, 
6  :00,  6  :20,  6  :40,  7  :00,  7 :40,  9  :00,  10  :20,  11 :40  p.  m. 

To  Oakland,  Fourteenth  and  Franklin  Streets, 
zna  Oakland,  Sixteenth  and  Eighteenth  Streets— 
Daily— From  §6:00  a.  m.,  §6:20,  §6:40  a.  m.,  and 
every  twenty  minutes  until  8:20  p.  m.  inclusive; 
then  9  :00,  9  :40,  10 :20,  11 :00,  11 :40  p.  ni.,  and  12  :20 
a.  m.  Additional  boats  Saturdays  and  Sundays 
only,  8  :40  p.  m.,  9  :20,  10  :00,  10  :40  and  11 :20  p.  m. 

To  Stonehurst  (Steam  Service)— *&:m,  *6:40, 
*7  :20,  §9  :00,  §10  :00  a.  m.,  *1 :20  p.  m.,  *2  :00,  *3  :00, 
*3  :20,  *4  :00,  *5  :00,  *5  :40  and  §6  :20  p.  m. 
Via  Alameda  Pier 

To  Oakland  and  Alameda — Daily — From  6:15, 
6:45  a.  m.,  and  then  15  and  45  minutes  past  the 
hour  until  7  :45  p.  m.;  then  8  :30,  9  :15,  10  :00,  10  :45, 
11:30  p.  m.  and  12:15  a.  m. 

To  Alameda,  North  and  South  Side  Lincs^ 
Daily— From  6:15,  6:45  a.  m.  and  15  and  45  min- 
utes past  the  hour,  until  7:45  p.  m. ;  then  8:30, 
9:15,  10:00,  10:45,  11:30  p.  m.  and  12:15  a.  m. 

♦Daily.     §  Sundays  excepted. 

OAKLAND    HARBOR    FERRY 
Automobiles,  Motorcycles  and  Vehicles 

From  San  Francisco,  South  End  Ferry  Building, 
for  Broadvmy  Wharf,  Oakland— From  6 :00  a.  m. 
daily  and  every  forty-five  minutes  until  9  :00  p.  m., 
inclusive;  then  *11:15  p.  m.,  *12:00  midnight, 
*1:00  a.  m.  Additional  boats,  §9:45  p.  m.,  **10:00 
p.  m.  and  §10:30  p.  m. 

From  Broadway  Wharf,  Oakland,  for  San  Fran- 
cisco—From 6  :00  a.  m.  daily  and  every  forty-five 
minutes  until  9:00  p.  m.  inclusive,  then  12:00  mid- 
night and  1 :00  a.  m.  Additional  boats  §9  :45  p.  m., 
**10:00  p.  m.,  §10:,30  p.  m.,  **11:00  p.  m.  and 
§11:15  p.  m. 

*Daily.     §Sundays  excepted. 

PRINCIPAL  RAILROAD  TICKET  OFFICES 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Ry.,  Monadnock  Building. 

Burlington  Route,  685  Market  Street. 

Canadian  Pacific  Ry.,  645  Market  Street. 

Chicago  Great  Western  R.  R.,  201  Monadnock 
Building. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Ry.,  22  Powell 
Street. 

Chicago  and  Northwestern  Ry.,  878  Market 
Street. 

Denver  and  Rio  Grande  R.  R.,  665  Market  St. 

Erie  Ry.,  26   Powell  Street. 

Great  Northern  Ry.,  665  Market  Street. 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.,  28  Powell  Street. 

Key  Route,  687  Market  and  Ferry  Building. 


Mt.  Tamalpais  Scenic  Ry.,  687  and  874  Market 
Street. 

Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Ry.,  Hearst  Bldg. 

Missouri  Pacific  Ry.,  656  Market  Street. 

National  Rys.  of  Mexico,  303  Monadnock  Bldg. 

New  York  Central  Lines,  689  Market  Street. 

Nickel  Plate  Road,  Hearst  Building. 

Northern  Pacific  Ry.,  685  Market  Street. 

Northwestern  Pacific  Ry.,  874  Market  Street. 

Oregon-Washington  R.  &  N.  Co.,  42  Powell  St. 

Ocean  Shore  Ry.,  52  Eleventh  Street. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad,  40  Powell  Street. 

Rock  Island  Lines,  691  Market  Street. 

Salt  Lake  Route,  680  Market  Street. 

Santa  Fe  System,  673  Market  Street. 

Southern  Pacific,  Palace  Hotel  and  884  Market 
Street. 

Southern  Pacific  (Atlantic  System),  30  Powell 
Street. 

Texas  and  Pacific  Rv.,  Postal  Telegraph  Bldg. 

Union  Pacific  R.  R..  "Powell  and  Ellis  Streets. 

Wabash   Railroad,   Monadnock  Building. 

Washington-Sunset  Route.  874  Market  Street. 

Western  Pacific  Ry.,  665  Market  Street. 

KEY  ROUTE  FERRIES 
Leave  San  Francisco  Ferry  Building  for  Oak- 
land, Piedmont,  Northbrae,  Berkeley,  Claremont, 
Albany,  Richmond — Daily  except  as  noted — *6  :00, 
6:20,  6:40,  7:00,  7:20,  7:40,  8:00,  8:20,  8:40,  9:00, 
9:20,  9:40,  10:00,  10:20,  10:40,  11:00.  11:20,  11:40 
a.  m.,  12  :00  m.,  12  :20,  12  :40,  1 :00,  1 :20,  1 :40,  2  :00, 
2:20,  2:40,  3:00,  3:20,  3:40,  4:00,  4:20,  4:40,  5:00, 


*5:15,  t5:20.  *5:30,  t5  :40,  *5  :45,  6:00,  6:20,  6:40, 
7:00,  7:20,  7:40,  8:00,  t8 :20,  8:40,  t9 :00,  9:20, 
t9:40,  10:00,  tlO:20,  10:40,  til  :00,  11:20  p.  m., 
12  :00  midnight,  1 :00  a.  m. 

*Daily.  tSundays  only.  {Saturday  and  Sunday 
only. 

The  1  a.  m.  boat  from  San  Francisco  connects 
with  trains  for  all  lines  excepting  the  Albany 
branch. 

The  8 :00  p.  m.,  9  :20  p.  m.  and  10 :40  p.  m.  daily 
except  Saturdays  and  Sundays  and  the  13:00  p.  m. 
daily  run  to  Albany  via  Northbrae. 

The  8:40  p.  m.  and  10:00  p.  m.  daily  except 
Saturday  and  Sunday  and  11 :20  p.  m.  daily  run 
to  Northbrae  via  Albany. 

Schedule  time  between  San  Francisco  and  Oak- 
land, Berkeley,  and  Piedmont,  35  minutes;  Clare- 
mont, 40  minutes;  Northbrae  and  Albany,  45 
minutes. 

Car  Signs 

Berkeley  trains  carry  White  Discs. 

Oakland  trains  carry  Red  Discs  for  Twenty- 
second  Street  and  Red  and  Blue  for  Twelfth 
Street. 

Piedmont  trains  carry  Blue  Discs. 

Claremont  trains  carry  Green  Discs. 

Northbrae  trains  carry  White  Dies  with  a  Red 
Arrow. 

For  Albany  take  the  Northbrae  train  at  the 
Pier  Terminal  and  transfer  at  University  Avenue. 


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1 

A  Nearby  View  of  Mount  Lassen  Quiescent 


Photo  copyrighted  1914  by  B.  F.  Loomis 

Mount  Lassen  in  Eruption.     On  the  Road  to  Manzanita  Lake 

Courtesy   Sunset   Magazine. 


List  of  Exhibitors  and  their  Representatives 


The  Dental  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ltd., 
London,  W.,  England — George  Chalk  and 

A.  H.  Parry. 

The  C.  V.  Mosby  Co.,  Medical  Publish- 
ers, St.  Louis,  Mo. — C.  V.  Mosby. 

The  Harvard  Co.,  Canton,  Ohio — E.  L. 
Monnot. 

Electro  Dental  Manufacturing  Co.. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. — Charles  Pinches  and  T. 
E.  Price. 

The  L.  D.  Caulk  Co.,  Milford,  Dela.— 
Dr.  G.  Layton  Grier  and  Fred  H.  Field. 

American  X-Ray  Equipment  Co.,  Den- 
tal   X-Ray   Outfits,    New    York,    N.    Y.— 

B.  L.  Spitzer. 

The  Ohio  Chemical  and  Manufac- 
turing Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio — Miss  Eva  B. 
Fisher. 

The  Dentinol  and  Pyorrhocide  Co., 
Inc.,  New  York,  N.  Y.— W.  F.  Spies, 
D.  D.  S.,  and  Mr.  Conley. 

The  Kolvnos  Co.,  New  Haven,  Conn. — 
S.  W.  Hodgdon. 

Kress  &  Owen  Co.,  Manufacturing 
Chemists,  New  York,  N.  Y.— Dr.  W.  B. 
Spaflford  and  J.  C.  Stevenson. 

John  Hood  Co.,  Dental  Supplies,  Boston, 
Mass.— Dr.  H.  M.  Lisle  and  Alex.  R. 
Keltie. 

King's  Specialty  Co.,  Dental  Medi- 
cines and  Specialties.  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. — 
Dr.  J.  A.  Williams  and  J.  C.  Link. 

Stratford  CooKsoN  Co.,  Philadelphia. 
Pa.— W.  K.  Cookson  and  Dr.  S.  R.  Harri- 
son. 

Morgan.  Hastings  &  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.— Dr.  O.  A.  Glidden  and  J.  V.  Hast- 
ings, Jr. 


The  Shelton  Electric  Co.,  Shelton 
Portable  Dental  Engine,  Lick  Bldg.,  San 
Francisco — E.  T.  Cunningham. 

Eli  Lilly  &  Co.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. — 
R.  R.  Zane  and  Dr.  W.  D.  Hacker. 

The  Denver  Chemical  Manufactur- 
ing Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. — Edward  S. 
Sharpless,  M.  D. 

Lavoris  Chemical  Co.,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. — Ernest  England. 

The  Ransom  &  Rantolph  Co..  Toledo, 
Ohio— D.  W.  Rydman  and  F.  G.  Crandell. 

The  Dentlsts'  Supply  Co.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.— Chas.  E.  Ward  and  Dr.  H.  Austin 
Palmer. 

RiTTER  Dental  Manufacturing  Co., 
Rochester,  N.  Y. — R.  C.  Shumway  and  J. 
L.  Brewster,  Jr. 

PiEPER  Dental  Manufacturing  Co., 
San  Jose,  Cal. — B.  Loveall  and  Merwin 
Massol. 

The  Teter  Manufacturing  Co.,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio— H.  W.  Bell. 

Cleveland  Dental  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio — M.  F.  Babcock  and 
E.  S.  Ennis. 

Detroit  Dental  Manufacturing  Co., 
Manufacturers  of  Dental  Specialties.  De- 
troit, Mich.— Dr.  George  H.  Nottage. 

Columbus  Dental  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Columbus,  Ohio — Dr.  J.  H.  Moyer 
and  Dr.  J.  H.  Harper. 

Lee  S.  Smith  &  Son  Co.,  Dental  Sup- 
pHes,  Pittsburg,  Pa. — W.  Linford  Smith. 

Bristol-Myers  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. — 
George  G.  Harwood. 

Horlick's  Malted  Milk  Co.,  Racine, 
Wis. — Arthur  Lee  Bailhache. 


i 


List  of  Exhibitors  and  Their  Representatives 


Chas.  H.  Phillips  Chemical  Co.,  New 
York,  N.  Y.— F.  R.  Rich,  M.  D. 

T.  A.  Strobridge  Dental  Supply  Co., 
San  Francisco,  Cal. — T.  A.  Strobridge. 

Jas.  W.  Edwards  Co.,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.— C.  P.  Sheehy  and  W.  P.  Heany. 

J.  M.  Ney  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.— Dr.  A. 
W.  Woodman  and  James  R.  Shamper. 

The  Bell  Manufacturing  Co.,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal. 

Monarch  Electrical  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Willoughby,  Ohio. 

American  Cabinet  Co.,  Two  Rivers, 
Wis. 

J.  W.  Ivory,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Lennox  Chemical  Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Weber  Dental  Manufacturing  Co., 
Canton,  Ohio. 

Stewart  Dental  Manufacturing  Co., 
Pittsburg,  Pa. 

S.  S.  White  Dental  Manufacturing 
Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

California  Dental  Supply  Co.,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal. 


Consolidated  Dental  Manufacturing 
Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

A.  C.  Clark  &  Co.,  Grand  Crossing, 
Chicago,  111. 

Williams  Gold  Refining  Co.,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

J.  Bird  Moyer  Co..  Inc.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Samuel  G.  Supplee  &  Co.,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

David  B.  Levy,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  Halverson  Co.,  Portland,  Ore. 

C.  Ash,  Sons  &  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  Heidbrink  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Pelton  &  Crane  Co..  Detroit,  Mich. 

W.  V-B.  Ames  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

Colgate  &  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y.— W. 
B.  Palmore  and  Walter  R.  Hall. 

Vulcan  Coil  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Traun  Rubber  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
R.  E.  L.  Miller,  Front  Royal,  Va. 
H.   &   A.    Weissfeld   Manufacturing 
Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


So  when  a  raging  fever  burns, 
We  sliift  from  side  to  side  by  turns ; 
And  'tis  a  poor  relief  we  gain. 
To  change  the  place  but  keep  the  pain. 
—Watts. 


Colgate's  Ribbon  Dental  Cream 
What  It  Does 

It  cleans  teeth.  Its  chalk  base  has  body  enough  for  thorough 
cleansing,  and  for  polishing  the  teeth  to  natural  whiteness.  It 
pleases  the  user  by  its  delicious  flavor — promoting  regular  use. 


And  what  it  does  not  do 

It  does  not  scratch  or  cut.  The  chalk  we  use  is  of  our  own 
manufacture,  rigidly  tested  chemically  and  microscopically. 
No  commercial  chalk  that  we  could  purchase  was  free  from 
insoluble  and  crystalline  matter. 

No  absurd  medicinal  claims  are  made.  Its  slight  alkaline  re- 
action and  its  mild  antisepsis  are  as  close  as  a  dentifrice  should 
come  to  medication.  Where  a  medicament  is  necessary,  treat- 
ment ought  to  be  sitrictly  a  matter  of  professional  direction. 

For  those  of  the  profession  who  prefer  a  dentifrice  in 
powder  form — Colgate's  Antiseptic  Dental  Powder  is 
equally  to  be  commended.  Rince  Bouche  is  a  most  re- 
freshing mouth  wash. 

Our  booklet,  "Architects  of  American  Dentistry,"  is  of  interest 
to  both  the  profession  and  the  public.  It  should  be  on  3'our 
reception  room  table  for  patients  to  read.  A  complimentary 
copy  may  be  obtained  at  the  Colgate  Booth  or  on  request  to 

COLGATE  &  COMPANY,  199  Fulton  St.,  New  York  City 

Established  1806 


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The 
Teter  Gas-Oxygen  Apparatus 

The  Teter  regulated-pressure  apparatus  is  the  invention  of  an  anesthetist 
who  has  devoted  all  his  life  to  the  developing  of  this  form  of  anesthetic. 

Regulators  are  built  in 
the  head  of  the  apparatus, 
which  reduce  the  high 
pressures  of  the  gases  and 
permit  them  to  pass  to  the 
patient  in  a  gentle,  even, 
steady  flow  at  all  times. 

The  controlling  valves 
are  so  arranged  that  an 
increased  quantity  of  one 
gas  may  be  given  without 
interfering  with  the  quan- 
tity flow  of  the  other. 

By  heating  the  gases 
with  our  vapor  warmer 
(either  alcohol  or  electric), 
much  less  gas  is  needed. 
Warm  gases  always  pro- 
duce a  deeper  and  more 
tranquil  anesthesia  and  at 
the  same  time  eliminate  all 
the  irritating  effects  which 
usually  follow  the  use  of 
cold  gases. 

In  ANALGESIC  work 
no  assistant  is  necessary, 
because  the  apparatus  runs 
as  it  is  set. 

If  you  wish  the  best  results  at  the  lowest  cost,  buy  a  "TETER." 
Send  for  catalogue  and  literature. 

THE  TETER  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY 

Manufacturers  of  gas-oxygen  apparatus,  fountain  spittoons, 
electric  sterilizers,  etc. 


1108  Williamson  Building 


Cleveland,  Ohio 


CAVITY  PREPARATION  FOR  AMALGAM, 
the  use  of  matrices,  condensing  and  carving 
amalgam,  and  other  features  of  the  Crandall 
system  of  amalgam  restoration  will  be  demonstrated 
at  our  space  at  the  Panama  Pacific  Dental  Congress 
by  Dr.  G.  T.  Fenker.  Crandall's  Scientifically  Tested 
Non-Zinc  Alloy,  Crandall  Mortar  and  Pestle,  Alloy 
Balance,  Matrix  Metal,  and  Matrix  Bands  will  be 
shown  in  connection  with  this  demonstration. 

Our  entire  line  of  dental  operating  instruments, 
forceps,  elevators,  and  extrading  accessories,  includ- 
ing the  Standard  Set,  will  be  exhibited,  as  well  as 
Metric  Burs  and  Metric  Broaches.  Some  of  the 
newer  instruments  and  appliances  to  be  shown 
include: 

Woodhury-Crandall  Instruments  for  Cavity  Preparation 

Prime  Amalgam  Condensers  and  Condensing  Mallet 

Crandall  Amalgam  Carving  Instruments 

Smith  Gum  RetraSlors 

Crandall  Amalgam  Condensers 

Woodbury -Crandall  P luggers  for  Gold  Foil 

Our  Peerless  line  of  dental  furniture  will  be  an 
attractive  feature  of  this  exhibit.  This  is  made  up  of 
the  Peerless  Folding  Bracket  and  Peerless  Aseptic 
Bracket  Table,  attractive  in  appearance  and  very  con- 
veniently operated.  The  Peerless  Operating  Stand 
supplements  this  or  may  be  used  to  take  the  place  of 
the  bracket  and  table  when  desired. 

The  Cleveland  Dental  Mfg.  Co. 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 


Glyco-Thymoline 

(Trade  Mark) 


^FT^ 


IPSJWP 


Three  Ounce 


Six   Ounce  (Sprinkler  Top)   for  Dental  Use 

The    Recognized    Standard 

Alkaline  Antiseptic 

Solution 

KRESS  &  OWEN  COMPANY 
361-363  Pearl  Street  -  -  -  New  York 


--"-Xl)^ 


m 


A  M  A  L  K  A 

WAFERS 

For  Immediate  Preparation  of 


Alkaline 


Antiseptic 

Solutions 


Convenient 

Quickly    Soluble 

Safe    and    Efficient 

Non'lrritating 

Pleasing 


BOTTLES  OF  SIXTY  WAFERS, 


TWENTYFIVE  CENTS 


BRISTOL-MYERS  CO.  NEW  YORK 

MAKERS  OF   SAL   HEPATICA 


f'  \ 


A  SIGNy^QUALITY 

Our  success  requires  that  we  make  the 

best  fining  materials,  just  as  the  dentist's 

success  requires  that  he  use  them. 

THE  L.  D.  Caulk  Company 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.S.  A. 

Makers  q/ Synthetic  Porcelain,  Protesyn  Porcelain,  Caulk' s  Crown  and 

Bridge  and  Gold  Inlay  Cement,  Petroid  Cement  Improved, 

Caulk' s  Copper  Cement,  Twentieth  Century 

Alloy,  Caulk' s  Cresolform,  and  many 

other  Dental  Specialties 


Laboratories:  Milford,  Delaware 


i 


The  S.  S.  White  Dental 
Manufacturing  Company 

The  House  that  more  than  all  others  has 
contributed  to  the  upliit  of  modern  dentistry 
by   the    superior    efficiency    of    its    products 

Some  of  Its  Contributions 

In  1846,  Porcelain  Teeth,  its  first  product,  were  practically  universally 
commended  as  affording  "a  more  exact  imitation  of  nature,"  .  .  . 
"relieved  of  that  bold  glaring  appearance,"  .  .  .  "beautifully  trans- 
lucent, having  a  lively,  vital  appearance." 

In  the  late  sixties,  it  introduced  with  its  now  well-known  Trade  ffll§)  Mark 
Steel  Instruments  and  Forceps  of  a  perfection  in  adaptability,  temper  and 
finish  theretofore  undreamed-of. 

In  1871  it  gave  the  profession  the  first  all-metal  chair. 

In  1872  it  brought  out  the  first  Electric  Dental  Engine— before  its  time; 
today,  its  Electric  Engines  are  marvels  of  speed,  power,  control,  smooth- 
running  and  durability. 

In  1874  it  introduced  the  Cable  Engine. 

In  1885  it  standardized  Gold  Plates  and  Solders,  that  before  had  been 
apparently  made  by  rule-of-thumb. 

In  1891  it  gave  the  profession  the  "  Revelation  "  Bur — the  "  perfection  of 
design  for  dentists'  burs,  the  perfection  of  workmanship  in  executing  the 
design." 

In  1908  it  presented  the  Diamond  Chair,  the  simplest,  smoothest  work- 
ing of  all  hydraulic  chairs, — the  present  standard  of  the  world  of  dentistry. 

In  1914  it  perfected  the  S.  S.  W^hite  Nitrous  Oxid  and  Oxygen  Apparatus, 
whose  accurate  control  of  the  gases  has  standardized  analgesic  and  anes- 
thetic practice. 

For  fifty-six  years  it  has  published  the  "Dental  Cosmos,"  the  mouth- 
piece of  the  profession's  aspirations  toward  higher  standards, —  scientific 
and  practical, — the  one  magazine  willing  to  assume  the  enormous  expense 
of  illustration  necessary  to  give  dentistry  representation  among  the  fore- 
most scientific  periodicals  of  the  world. 

During  its  entire  career — seventy-one  years — its 
products  have  been  universally  recognized  as 
the  standard  of  efficiency  in  dentists'  supplies 

HEADQUARTERS ■ 
Chestnut  Street,  cor.  Twelfth,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A. 


^ 


SSM^ 


m 


NEY'S  COLDS  m 

GOLD  SOLDERS 

WORLD  I 
STILL 


"^^  The  Gold  used  o?i  outside  front  cover  was  bought  by  the 
Program  Committee  from  The  J.  M.  Ney  Cotnpany.,  owners 
of  The  First  American  Gold  Refinery,  established  in  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  nearly  one  hundred  and  four  years  ago, 
and  never  closed  meantime,  except  on  Sundays  and  holidays. 
The  Committee  wanted  the  World's  Best  Gold. 


ISN'T  it  good  to  be  here  for  a  while,  away  from  professional  routine? 
We're  glad  you  can  enjoy  this  relaxation,  and  catch  the  inspiration  from  closer  contact  with 
your  confreres. 

Since  the  Rochester  Congress,  you've  read  a  lot.  Doctor,  about  Ney's  Dental  Golds, 
Solders,  etc.,  the  World's  Best  since  1 81 2,  the  Standard  by  which  all  other  brands,  domestic 
and  foreign,  are  rated.  Have  you  used  them  meantime?  You  haven't?  Too  bad,  for 
you  and  your  patients! 

Did  you  view  suspiciously  our  claims  of  Ney's  demonstrable  superiority?  Did  you 
think  them  too  good  to  be  true?  Did  you  judge  that  we  "could  not  afford  to  sell  the 
World's  Leaders  at  only  a  slight  increase  over  the  prices  demanded  for  inferior  brands?" 
You  did?  Then  nom's  your  opportunity  to  prove  if  ive  exaggerated  an  iota.  Will  you 
improve   it? 

Welcome  to  our  Booth.  Awaiting  your  rigid  inspection  is  a  complete  line  of  Ney's  Prod- 
ucts, taken  from  regular  stock — no'  "groomed"  or  "doctored"  for  this  occasion!  You  may 
order  any  or  all  of  our  exhibit.  Your  selectio.i  will  be  billed  at  our  current  prices  and  deliv- 
ered directly  after  the  Congress  adjourns. 

Divergent  views  exist  as  to  the  relative  importance  of  outlays  for  dentists'  supplies.  But 
golds  and  solders  are  exempt,  because  they  comprise  more  than  one-third  of  dentists'  outlays. 
Dentists  agree  that,  to  reach  the  highest  professional  reputation,  they  must  use  only  best  golds 
and  solders.  These  can  be  had  only  from  long-established  manufacturers,  who  are  past  mas- 
ters in  the  subtle  intricacies  of  producing  articles  that  will  be  always  uniform  and  homogene- 
ous.    Norv's  your  time  to  investigate  Qualities,   Reputations,  and  Facilities. 

Promiscuous  buying  is  a  big  menace.  It  will  handicap  your  technique.  Doctor,  for  mere- 
tricious golds  and  solders  mill  shatter  unsullied  reputations.  But  regulated  and  right  buying 
will  effect  great  savings.  By  using  Ney's  Golds  exclusively,  you  can  in  a  short  time  earn 
enough  to  pay  the  cost  of  your  trip  here  and  back.  Good  work  and  money-saving  jvill  persist 
so  long  as  you  rely  Tvholly  upon  Ney's.     Why  not  do  it? 

Do  not  neglect  to  register  in  our  Visitors'  Record !  Some  months  hence  it  will  insure 
your  receiving  from  us  a  reminder  that  you'll  appreciate.  It  will  be  as  perfect,  beautiful,  valu- 
able and  durable  as  all  Ney's  products  are.  What  is  it?  That's  a  secret  today,  but  you'll 
find  our  souvenir  worth  ivaiting  for.  We  will  be  waiting  to  greet  you  at  our  Booth  in  SEC- 
TION "P"  on  Extreme  Right  Aisle  of  Main  Entrance  to  the  Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress. 

Send  u>  your  Old  Cold,  Old  SHver,  Old  Platinum,  etc  to 


m 


It  Is  Our  Constant  Aim 


to  remain  leaders  in  the 
production  of  Dental 
Equipment  which  will 
be  appropriate  for  in- 
stallation in  Modern 
Dental  Offices.  For 
o  V  e  r  twenty-five  years 
we  have  manufactured 
Dental  Equipment  and 
during'  practically  all  of 
that  period  have  enjoyed 
a  reputation  for  produc- 
ing the  highest  type  of 
Chairs,  Engines,  Lathes, 
etc.  The  Quality  of  our 
\\'orkmanship  and  Ma- 
terial cannot  be  excelled, 
the  Adaptability  of  our 
Equipment  has  never 
been  equaled,  the  Finish 


is  the  best  that  money 
can  produce  and  to  an- 
other great  essential — 
APPEARANCE  —  we 
have  given  particular 
attention,  the  results  of 
our  thought  and  careful 
construction  being  Prod- 
uct that  has  every  quali- 
fication to  meet  the  de- 
m  a  n  d  s  of  the  most 
aesthetic  or  particular 
Dentist. 

Our  Product  will  be 
handsomely  displayed 
during  the  meeting  of 
the  Panama  Pacific  Den- 
tal Congress,  and  we 
invite  every  visiting 
Dentist  to  call  at  our 
Exhibit. 


The  Ritter  Dental  Mfg.  Co. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

AGO  PHILADELPHIA  NEW 


"The  Fine  Italian  Hand" 

of  Our  Designers 

Has    Been    Busy   Again 


m 


i 


Ascher's  New  Enamel — Ideal  Outfit 

A  most  convenient  and  practicable  device  for  simplifying  the  storage 
and  use  of  Ascher's  New  Enamel,  consisting  of  heavily  nickeled  case, 
fitted  with  revolving  hardwood  block  containing,  in  proper  receptacles, 
eight  half-portion  bottles  of  Powder  of  most-used  shades — 2B,  3C,  4D,  6F, 
TG,  8H,  lOK  and  12M — one  double-portion  bottle  of  Liquid,  one  special 
service  bottle  for  Liquid,  one  bottle  Enamel  Varnish,  one  box  Celluloid 
strips,  one  Powder  Measure;  Bone  Spatulas,  1  each  A  and  C;  value  $17.30; 
value  of  case,  $5.00 ;  making  total  value  $22.30. 

And  the  Price  is  but  $15.00 

See  exhibit  and  demonstration,  Section  E,  opposite  main  entrance. 
Get  Acquainted  icith  the  A'erv  Tcchnic 


m 


Km 


Mount  Sir  Donald, 


IN-  OUR  OWN  ALPS 


Courtesy   Sunset  Magazine. 


WjM. 


=m^' 


■^M'a 


1^ 


Dioxo^en 


99^0%  Pure 


A    PEROXIDE   OF    HYDROGEN 

Stronger  and  Purer  than  the  official  solution 


• 


ANALYSIS 

Absolute   H2O2    3.750% 

H^O     96.211% 

99.961% 

Acidity   (expressed  in  terms  of  HCl) 0.011% 

Residue    0.028% 


100.000% 


DIOXOGEN  contains  no  acetanilid  and  undergoes  none  of  the 
changes  which  occur  in  solutions  containing  this  drug;  uniform  and 
of  remarkable  stability,  DIOXOGEN  possesses  higher  germicidal 
efficiency  than  the  standard  Bichloride  or  Carbolic  Acid  solutions,  yet 
it  is  as  harmless  as  water. 

DIOXOGEN  is  safe  to  recommend  to  patients,  its  freedom  from 
the  risks  and  dangers  of  the  coal  tar  disinfectants,  together  with  its 
unusual  cleansing  properties,  makes  it  highly  desirable  for  oral  use. 

No  mistakes  can  happen  with  DIOXOGEN. 


THE  OAKLAND  CHEMICAL  CO. 

10  Astor  Place  :  :  :  New  York 


Mariposa  Giove,  near  Yoscmite  National  Park,  has  a  growth  of  91  feet  at 
It  differs  from  most  Sequoias  In   the  size  of  Its  branches,   the  first, 
125  feet  up,  being  twenty  feet  around. 
166 


''i'n»i'i!'M^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 


nod  in  life  when  the  only  future  changes  will  be  those  of  old  age. 

rTTTTTI 

TRUBYTE  TEETH 

are  the  only  vulcanite  teeth  which  harmonize  with 
the  forms  of  patients'  faces,  and  to  which  an  intel- 
ligent method  of  form  selection  can  be  applied. 
Trubyte  bicuspids  and  molars,  alone  among  porce- 
lain teeth,  can  properly  tear,  crack,  cut  and  grind  food 
at  the  pressures  possible  through  artificial  dentures. 

Trubyte  teeth  are  easier  to  articulate,  more  comfort- 
able to  wear,  more  natural  in  appearance  and  more  ef- 
ficient in  mastication  than  any  other  porcelain  teeth. 

Trubyte  teeth  will  be  exhibited  at  The  Panama-Pacific 
Dental  ConRress  and  information  concerning  their  selection 
and  use  will  be  gladly  given.    Ask  for  literature  at  our  space. 

THE  DENTISTS'  SUPPLY  CO. 

OF  NEW  YORK 
220  West  42nd  St.,  New  York 


£^x 


w< 


,^. 


KEEP  IN  MIND       1   O  E     FACT 


THAT  YOUR 


FIRST  IMPRESSION 


BE  FALSE,  TH 


IS     IS 


OFTEN  THE  CASE 


NO 


MATTER    WHAT    TH 


E  PURPOSE 


IT  SURELY     COUNTS     TO  START 

right.     This  applies  mentally,  physically,  and  mechanically,  to  those  who  crave 

SUCCESS  IN  DENTISTRY 

There  is  no  doubt  that  mental  alertness  and  physical  completeness  make  a 
personality  that  spells  success.  Think  what  that  word  impression  may  mean  to 
you  and  then  write  for  literature  about  taking  compound  impressions  correctly 
with  the  aid  of  the  Supplee  Outfit  for  heating  and  controlling  modeling  com- 
pound and  the  Supplee  Impression  Trays. 


Sam'l  G.  Supplee 
will    give   a    one 
hour   and  a  half 

Kf^'Wk 

Mr.  Supplee  will 
conduct  classes  in 

clinic    each    day 

fl  d^  nf 

San     Francisco 

using  a  patient  to 

siit        ^mJ  - 

and  Oakland  dur- 

demonstrate   the 

IPl                ^*^    i 

ing    September. 

method  of  taking 
impressions  with  the 

^^ 

Definite  dates  and 
information  will 

mouth  closed  and 

be   given    upon 

under  normal  biting 
stress. 

jv    A 

application. 

:  Patented  Xov.  tuth. 


All  kinds  of  special  removable  and  regular  prosthetic  dentistry  taken  care 


ot  by 


SAM'L  G.  SUPPLEE  &  CO. 

1  UNION  SQ.,   NEW  YORK 
THE  LABORATORY  SPECIALISTS 


'':^'^ii''!'!lMiiiiite 


-f^4fe-.,.'    .^^^ 


..^ 


R 


A  Message  of  Interest 


The  Exhibit  Section  of  the  Panama-Pacific  Dental  Coni^ress 
u-ill  be  a  marvel  in  its  extensivencss  and  completeness.  The 
ivorld's  standard  manufactnrers  of  dental  supplies,  appliances, 
and  equipment,  ivhose  products  you  can  I'lcw  there  icith  both 
interest  and  instruction,  will  make  an  unprecedented  display. 
We  zvant  you  to  remember  that  zve  represent  these  leaders,  and 
ivhcn  you  find  an  article  larg^e  or  small  that  you  want  to  pur- 
chase, 

Call  an  Edwards  Man 

who  zmll  gladly  take  your  order  for  delivery  in  accordance  ztnth 
your  instructions.  Our  stock  represents  a  mighty  big  invest- 
ment, so  that  it  is  complete  at  all  times. 

We  are  anticipating  conditions  zvhich  zvill  arise  during  this 
session  of  the  Congress,  so  zee  shall  maintain  at  our  exhibit 
space 

The  Jas.  W.  Edwards  Company  Service  Station 

We  extend  to  all  our  dental  friends  a  cordial  invitation  to 
make  this  station  your  headquarters,  zvhere  zvc  shall  prozide 
many  little  conveniences  and  comforts,  zvhich  zve  trust  you  zinll 
avail  yourself  of.  You  zvill  find  at  your  disposal  a  resting Jlace, 
zvhere  you  may  zarite  a  hasty  letter  or  postal,  receive  and  trans- 
mit personal  messages  and  keep  appointments  zvith  brother  den- 
tists. 


It  surely  zvill  be  our  pleasure  to  prozidc  this  little  service. 

The  JAS.  W.  EDWARDS  COMPANY 

The  Pioneer  Dental  House  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 


^A^ 


=M. 


'I  YosemikFalU  i      »rYQSliTmTIQM  PARK>      .  Er@apH 


^mm 


'^E, 


if 


•:;!'";!|i|'a:|:'i:§;^ 


Exhibits  of 

The  Dental  Manufacturing  Co.  Ltd. 

London,    England 
Wholesale  Branch  :   220  West  42nd  Street,  New  York,  U.  S.  A. 


TEETH — Improved  New   Departure  Teeth.     The  strongest  Teeth  made. 
See  tests. 

TEETH— D.  M.  Co.'s  Anatomical  Diatoric  Teeth. 

BURS— The  Alston  Bur. 

As  an  efficient,  dextrous,  clean-cutting  Bur,  The  Alston  excels. 

RUBBERS — The  Alston  Rubbers  are  reputed  to  be  the  best  quality  made — 
strong,  elastic  and  durable. 

WAX— The  Alston  Toughened  Wax 

Possesses  superior  qualities  and  strength. 

CASTING  MACHINE— The  D.  M.  Co.'s  Compressed  Air  Casting  Machine 
for  casting  work  of   every  description,   such   as   Inlays,   small 
Bridges,  Partial  and  Complete  Dentures. 
Demonstrated  daily  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Tarry. 

ALLOY— Alston  Alloy 

Makes  a  perfect  filling.  A  trial  will  convince  any  Dentist  of 
its  superior  characteristics.     Samples  free. 

CEMENT— Alston  Cement  (Harvard  type). 

A  strong,  durable  Cement,  easy  working. 

GUM  FACINGS— Fogg's  Porcelain  Facings.     (Patented.) 

Consist  of  a  metal  frame  (completely  coated  with  porcelain,  by 
a  special  process,  closely  copying  the  varying  color  of  the  gums) 
arranged  to  fit  around  the  necks  and  into  the  interstices  of  the 
teeth. 

GUM  INLAYS — Add  considerably  to  the  improvement  and  lifelike  appear- 
ance of  a  denture. 

Leave  your  Card,  or  Name  and  Address,  at  Stand,  Section  M  and  N,  and 
we  zvill  mail  you,  free  of  charge,  interesting  literature. 


'^'^^\i^^ 


IMPORTANT  NOTICE 


WE  extend  to  you  an  invitation  to  visit 
our  Booth  at  this  Congress,  where  in- 
formation about  Los  Angeles,  San  Diego 
and  other  places  in  Southern   California  will  be 
cheerfully  given. 

JVe  are  Agents  in  the  above  territory  for  all  goods 
shown  at  this  meeting. 


California  Dental  Supply  Company 

Los  Angeles  San  Diego 


Northwestern  University 

Dental  School 

Chicago 

Dr.  G.  V.  BLACK,  Dean 

OFFERS  a  three  years'  course  in  dentistry 
to  men  and  women  having  a  prelimin- 
ary education  of  not  less  than  four 
years  of  completed  high  school  work  with  at 
least  fifteen  high  school  units  of  credit. 

This  school  is  an  integral  department  of 
Northwestern  University  —  Evanston  and 
Chicago  —  and  is  located  in  Northwestern 
University  Building,  in  the  business  center 
of  Chicago  and  of  a  population  of  three 
millions  of  people  within  a  radius  of  thirty 
miles. 

In  its  well  equipped  Clinic,  with  accom- 
modation for  more  than  one  hundred  and 
fifty  patients,  great  care  is  taken  to  prepare 
students  to  qualify  themselves  for  successful 
and  independent  practice. 

The  next  annual  session  ivill  be- 
gin on  October  r,th. 

Address  Dr.  C.  R.  E.  KOCH,  Secretary,  31  tVest 
Lake  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois 

Cable  Address:   NUDS,  CHICAGO 


COLLEGE  8f  DENTISTRY 
UNIVERSITY  of  ILLINOIS 


Minimum  entrance  requirements,  fifteen  units  of 
work  from  an  accredited  high  school  or  academy. 
Full  course  of  instruction  leading  up  to  the  degree  of 
D.  D.^S.  The  college  occupies  an  entire  building,  100 
X  100  feet,  six  stories  high,  directly  opposite  Cook 
County  Hospital,  in  the  heart  of  Chicago's  great 
medical  center. 

Infirmary  unexcelled 
operating  facilities. 
For  detailed  information,  address  Box  46 
THE  DEAN 
College  of  Dentistry,  University  of  Illinois 
1838  W.  Harrison  Street,  Chicago.  111. 


point  of  equipment  and 


^B 


Medium  Setting 


Quality 


As  a  true  conserver  of 
teeth,  these  alloys  have  stood 
without  a  rival  for  more  than 
20  years! 


A  production  of  60,000  ozs. 
for  1914  is  SOME  PROOF! 


The  "ORICilXAL"  Garhart 
alloys  contain  the  wording, 
"Made  by  X.  K.  Garhart 
himself."  on  every  package. 


Quick  Setting 


5  ozs.  $  7.50  (cash  5%  ) 
20  ozs.  25.00  (net  cash) 
25  ozs.    31.25  (cash  S"/-) 


Delivered  to 
Your  Address 


'  SPECIALTX. 
COMPANY 

BoilonMass. 


5  ozs.  $  7.50  (cash  57c ) 
20  ozs.  25.00  (net  cash) 
25  ozs.    31.25  (cash  5%) 


Goldsmith  Bros.  Smelting  and  Refining  Co. 

Manufacturers  of  Dental  Specialties 

Gold,  Alloys,  Burs,  Broaches 

Cements  and  Teeth 


Main  Office,  Heyworth  Building 


Chicago,  U.  S.  A. 


Horlick's — The  originators  of  Malted  Milk 


were   the    first   to   secure   space  at  the 
Panama- Pacific  Dental  Congress 


All  Dentists  are  cordially  invited  to  call  at  their 
Exhibit,  where  Horlick's — the  original  Malted 
Milk — will  be  demonstrated,  and  served  in  the 
form  of  Ice  Cream. 


m 


% 


mm!,m^i^^m 


#-A4> 


The  Home  of 


fA^/:t 


«%^'< 


The 
Healing  Antiseptic 


THE    continually    increasing    popularity    of    "The    Original 
Zinc  Chloride  Preparation"  with  the  Profession  and  their 
patients  is  due  solely  to  merit.     We  have  always  claimed 
less  rather  than  more  for  Lavoris,  knowing  that  "results"  from 
its  use  would  make  a  favorable  and  lasting  impression. 

We   recommend   Lavoris   for  any  diseased  condition  or  to 
maintain  a  healthy  condition  of  the  oral  cavity. 

Lavoris  Chemical  Co.      Minneapolis,  Minn. 


Charles  Grafrath 

Manufacturer  of  the  most  delicate  and  best  tempered  instruments. 

All  instruments  hand  forged.      Send  for  catalogue. 

360  West  Fiftieth  St.,  New  York  City 


ARSENIC  is  painful  and  dangerous.     Why  give  your  patient  needless  pain.    JO  DO  FORMAGEN 
CEMENT  is  painless  and  harmless.     It  does  not  kill  the  pulp.     It  renews  the  vitality  of  the  pulp 
tissues     It  can  be  spread  over  an  exposed  or  even  highly  inflamed  pulp  without  pain.    Not  a  failure 
has  been  reported  since  1897.    Literature  on  request.    Small  package  $1.50,  large  package  $2.50. 


Gustav  Scharmann 


Sole  Importer 


5ADWAY,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


L.    D.    Mosher&Son    ManufactureryfUn^nY.'a^^^nz^n^Y^^^^ 

Strips,    Pebble   and   Celluloid    Polishmg   Strips, 


Extra  thin  and  strong.    Quick  and  Medium  Setting  Alloys.    Carborundum  Wheel  Dressers, 
Flexible  Rubber  Plate  Finishers,  Chisel  and  Scaler  Sharpeners, 
Paper  and  Cloth  Disks,  etc.       :;:::::;: 


3222  WALNUT  STREET 
CHICAGO,  ILL.,  U.  S.  A. 


S.  B.  GRACIER 

Pacific  Refinery  and  Assay  Office 

409    MONTGOMERY    ST. 
San   Francisco,    California 


Bullion  Broker  and  Dealer  in  Platinum,  Gold  and  Silver 
Foils,  Plate,  Solder,  Wire,  Alloys,  etc.  Assay  Value  Paid 
for  Scrap  Gold,  etc.     Filings  and  Sweeps  Treated    :     :     : 

cable  address.  "RICHMAR"  telephone  KEARNY  786 


Bristol-Myers  Co 


NEW  YORK 


American  Platinum  Works 


225-231  New  Jersey  Railroad  Avenue 


Newark,  N.  J. 


PLATINUM 

Foil  and  Sheet,  Special  Soft 

\/t/T  r?  Tj*     Square,  Triangular,  Half  Round  and  Round 
W  1  IX  r>    Specially  Hard,  Medium  and  Soft   :    :    :    :   : 

Platinum    Palladium    and    Gold    Alloys    for    Orthodontia    Work. 

Platinum  Tubing  for  all  Purposes 

Extra  Pure  Platinum  Wire  for  Electrical  Furnaces 

Platinum  Ware  of  every  Description 

M'^e  Exchange,  Buy  and  Refine  Platinum  and  Platinum  Gold  Scraps 
Also  Dentists'  Sweeps 

New  York  Office:    CHARLES  ENGELHARD.  30  Church  Street 


Hood's  Angular  Handpiece 


Sectional  cut  showing  bearings  with  adjust- 
able cap. 

Eight  positions  at  acute,   obtuse  and  right 

antjles,  making  the  most  difficult  cavities  easy 

of  access.     (\  Made  to  fit  all  attachments. 

SinJ for  Descripti've  Booklet 

Mamifa^ured  hy 

John  Hood  Company 


Samples  and  Booklet  on  Request 


Supplied  by  Druggists  all  over  the  world 


Main  Office  and  Laboratories 

THE  DENVER  CHEMICAL  MFG.  CO.,  NEW  YORK,  U.  S.  A. 

Branches:      LONDON      :      SYDNEY       :      BERLIN       :      PARIS      :      BUENOS  AYRES      :      BARCELONA      :      CAPETOWN 
Dentists  should  always  WRITE  "Antiphlogistine"  to  AVOW  "substitutes" 


""^'Alii  to 


V^^t^«( 


f=-'i^k! 


The  post-graduate  feature  alone  is  worth  the  price  of  tuition. 

PREPARATORY  to  State  Dental  Examination  of 
Pacific  Coast  states,  including  Arizona  and  Nevada 
— Army  and  Navy  examinations,  Civil  Service  for 
City,  County  and  State,  Institutional  and  School  work. 
Further  information  and  literature  may  be  obtained  at 
the  Congress  by  applying  at  information  booth  of  Cali- 
fornia Dental  Supply  Company,  No.  86,  or  a  postal  will 
bring  you  copies  of  recent  examinations  and  any  other 
information  you  may  ask. 

Address  all  communications  to 
A.  HALDEN  JONES,  A.  M.,  M.  D. 
222  Bradbury  Bldg.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


Dental 
X-Ray   Laboratory 


A  fully  equipped  Dental 
X-Ray  Laboratory  will  be 
installed  and  at  the  ser- 
vice of  the  Members  and 
Clinicians  during  the 
Congress.  Fourth  floor 
of  the  Auditorium,  ad- 
joining the  Clinics  :  :  : 
The  downtown  labora- 
tory will  also  be  at  the 
service  of  the   Congress 


Franklin  W,  McCormack 

X-Ray  Laboratory 

209  Post  Street  320  Head  Building 

telephone  sutter  2540 

SAN   FRANCISCO 


I  FOUR  "GRAND  PRIX"  IN  FIVE  YEARS  | 


GOLDEN   STATE 

EXTRA  DRY  :        CALIFORNIA 

CHAM  PAGNE 


Produced  at   Asti,    California,    by   the 

ITALIAN  SWISS  COLONY 


Microscope  FSS8 

This  NEW  MICROSCOPE  is  unex- 
celled for  all  around   laboratory  use. 


Side  fine  adjustment 
of  lever  type— simple, 
durable  and  practical; 
giving  delicate  move- 
ment for  high  power 
objectives  yet  rapid 
enough  for  lower 
powers. 

Price   $67.50 

Descriptive  circular 
sent  on  request. 


Bausch  &  Lomb  Optical  Co. 

154  Sutter  Street        San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Factory:  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Now  that  you  have  the  name  and  addresses  of 

Gilfillan  Bros.  Dental 
Supply  Co. 

Manufacturers    and    refiners    of    gold    and 
platinum. 

.316  Federal  Realty  Bldg.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
161  North  Spring  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 
squarely  before  you,  see  that  you  become 
more  intimately  acquainted  with  the  mem- 
bers and  associates  of  this  firm,  in  order 
that  you  may  more  fully  appreciate  their 
eflforts   to   give — 

Service  that  sometimes  makes  you  mar- 
vel at  the  anxious  promptitude  with  which 
it    is    rendered; 

Quality  that  often  reveals  a  serviceable 
superiority  before  unrealized,  especially  in 
the  newer  lines  of  supplies,  and 

Prices  that  make  each  monthly  state- 
ment a  book  of  knowledge  on  savings. 

S.  W.  Gilfillan,  Mgr.  Los  Angeles. 
A.  R.  McCoNNELL,  Mgr.  Oakland. 


I 

i 


American   Water  Supply 
Co.  of  N.  E. 

2S1  Causeway  Si 


Phillips' 
Milk  of  Magnesia 

''The  Perfea  Antacid" 

For  Local  or  Systemic  Use.  Caries,  Gin- 
givitis, Erosion,  Stomatitis,  Sensitiveness, 
Pyorrhea  are  successfully  treated  with  it. 
It  neutralizes  Oral  Acidity. 


Phillips'  Phospho  Muriate 
of  Quinine 

Comp. 
A  Non-Alcoholic  Ionic  and  Reconstruffive 

With  marked  beneficial  action  upon  the  nervous 
system.  To  be  relied  upon  |where  a  deficiency 
of  the  phosphates  is  evident. 

The  Chas.  H.  Phillips  Chemical  Co. 

NEW  YORK.  LONDON 


The  Co-operation  Necessary 
by  the  patient  to  insure  success  in 
pyorrhea  treatment  and  oral  prophy- 
laxis is  obtained  by  the  patient's 
regular  daily  use  of 

PYORRHOCIDE 

N.  B.  —  Pyorrhocide  is  not  advertised  to  the 
public,  but  is  prescribed  by  more  than  50,000 
dentists  and  physicians  who  recognize  its 
superior  efficacy   in  maintaining  oral   hygiene. 

Write  for  literature 


^ 


The  Dentinol  and  Pyorrhocide 
Company 

Worlds  Tower  Building 
110-112  West  40th  St.  New  York 


L.  C.  Lloyd 
H.  C.  Lewis 


Phone  Oakland  8300 


Lewis  ^  Lloyd 
Dental  Laboratory 

Crown,    Bridge   and 

Metal  Plate  Work 

a  Specialty 


Room  23 

1128  Broadway 


Oakland,  Cal. 


EUREKA    SUCTIONS    (Patented) 

Thousands  have  proven  the  "EUREKA"  to  be  perfect  by  its  simple  renewing 

feature — on  and  off  in  a  second  by  patient.    Upper  or  lower,  $2. 00  per  box  of  six. 

EUREKA  SUCTION  CO.,  Loudonville,  Ohio 


FORTY  years  ago  the  Eckfeldt  &  Du  Bois  Standard  Alloy  dropped  lilce  a  bomb  on  the  dental 
camp,  knocking  out  old  prejudices  against  plastics  in  general  and  amalgam  in  particular.     It  has 
maintained  that  same  independence  of  all  other  filling  materials  ever  since  and  is  as  new  and  modern 
to  the  conservative  now  as  it  is  old  and  tried  all  round  the  world.    Few  new   things  can  have  the  advan- 
tage of  age  tests  in  service!    Beware  of  piracy.    Send  for  literature. 

ECKFELDT  &  DU  BOIS,  1314  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia 


Post-Graduate  Dental  School 

Complete  Correspondence  Course  of  Modern  Dentistry  in  French,   English,   German, 
Spanish  and  Portuguese  languages.     For  announcement,  testimonials,  etc.,  address  the  Director, 
J.  M.  G.  KUKAY,  A.  B.,  D  D.  S. 

1947  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Langer  &  Leahy 

Dental  Laboratory 


ELKAN  GUNST  BUILDING 
323  Geary  Street     :     Room  619 


SAN  FRANCISCO 


Mario  F.  A  rata 

Dental  Laboratory 


Room  916  HEAD  BLDG. 
209  Post  Street 


Kearny  2182 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


Fisherman's  Wharf,   San  Francisco 


Manufacturers  of  Hl^h  Grade 
Dental  Steel  Goods 


The  U.  S.  Champion 
Burs  and  Broaches 

Are  well  known  to  be  per- 
fect "Machine  Made." 
q  Delicate  Nerve  Canal 
Instruments  our  specialty. 
Q  Our  many  years  of  suc- 
cessful experience  is  our 
guarantee. 


6705-9  Conrad  Ave.       Cleveland,  Ohio 


Hotel  Dale 

34  Turk  Street 

San  Fraticisco 

California 


Telephone  Franklin  3332 


25^  per 
Denture 


Three-quarters  of  a  sheet  of  base 
rubber  and  half  a  sheet  of  pink 
rubber  for  facing  will  usually  make 
one  denture.  Send  us  $1.00  for 
sample  box  containing 

THREE   SHEETS 

"Golddust"  Rubber 

Reif.  U.  S.  Pat.  Oil. 

AND  TWO  SHEETS 

"Maiden  Blush" 
Pink  Rubber 

and  you'll  have  enough  rubber  for 
four  dentures,  at  a  cost  of  only  25c 
each.  .'Knd  because  of  the  inimit- 
able quality  of  Traun's  products, 
you  know  you  have  the  best  rub- 
i)ers  made. 

"Golddust"  Rubber,  owing  to  its 
scientific  composition,  makes  fine, 
light,  solid,  highly  polished  plates 
— you'll  have  no  more  porous  plates 
when  using  it. 

"Maiden  Blush  Pink"  is  the  Facing 
Rubber   "par   excellence." 


Traun  Rubber  Co. 

Manufacturers 


337  Broadway 
New  York 


Enclosed  $1.00 
for  Special   Sample 
of  "Golddust" 
and  "Maiden    Blush." 


,4^ 


The  World's  Best  Known  Practitioners  Are  Using 

JUSTI    PORCELAIN   TEETH 

For  All  Branches  of  Prosthetic  Dentistry 

Are  You? 


Philadelphia 


H.  D.  JUSTI  &f  SON 


Chicago 


The  Williams  Gold  Refining  Company 

Refiners  to  the  Dental  Trade     WILLIAMS 


The  Universal  filling  Ci 


Continuous  Demonstration 
Special  Introductory  Outfit 

Buffalo,  New  York 


'  READY  MADLl 
^UNGUAL  BAR! 


18  K.  Gold  Cased       $1.25 
18  K.  Gold  Platinum    3.50 


15,000  Dentists  Use  the  Dentiscope 

because  its  good  light  enables  them  to  work  more  accurately 
and  saves   their   time — also  their  eyes.     Send   for  circular. 

Pittsburgh   Electric  Water    Heater 
and  Sterilizer 


-  Quick  —  Sanitary 


Heats  in  a  Minute 


PITTSBURGH  ELECTRIC  SPECIALTIES  GO. 


927  French  St.,  PnTSBURCH,  Pa. 


//'  //'. 


//.  PURITOL//.p«r. 


PURITOI.  Tooth  Powder 
PuRiToi,  Tooth  Paste 
PuRiTOi,  Tooth  Brush 
PuRiTOL  Plate  Brush 
PuRiTOL  Liquid  Antiseptic 


The  articles  of  merit — nx)hy 


'uritol  Dental  &  Toilet  Mfj;.  Co. 
Kansas  City,  Missouri,  U.  S.  A. 


PY-ZOSIS  TOOTH  BRUSH 

^Th(!  Brush  thai  Fits  the  Inside  of  the  Teeth) 


Anhur  E.  Peck 
M.D..  D.D.S. 


Py-zosis   looth  Paste  {contains  Emetine) 

\.    h    PECK  MFC    CO.         MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN..  U.  S.  A 


WOODARD 
CLARKE  &  CO. 

Dealers  in  .  .  . 
Dental  Supplies 

"WOOD-LARK"  BLDG. 
PORTLAND,  OREGON 

ESTABLISHED  1865 


ARCHER  &    SCHANT 

*     "  COMPANY  ^"B 


Sari  Francisco  Dental  Supply  Co. 


the    Dental    line    and    absolutely 


204  Commercial  Bldg.  VVe    carry    everything 

833   Market   Street       guarantee  all  our  goods. 

We  allow  a  discount  of  ten  per  cent  from  one  dollar  up- 
wards excepting  precious  metals,  and  pay  postage  and  express 
charges. 

We   accept   gold   scraps   as   cash   and   allow   full   value   and 
give  equal  attention  to  either  small  or  large  orders, 
WE  WANT  YOUR  BUSINESS. 


Phone  Kearny  5048 
J.  Fronts,  Manager 


P.  L.  Ansell 

Roentgenologist 

409-10-11   Thomson    Building 
Oakland 


Phone  Berkeley  2190  W.  P.  Dunning 

Dunning  LMboratory 

2042  University  Ave.  Berkeley,  California 


Blue  Island  Specialty  Co. 

Orthodontic  Appliances  and  Supplies 
Blue  Island,  Illinois,  U.  S.  A. 


ARDICO 

TOOTH  POWDER 


A  physiologically  correct  and  scientifically  approved  dentifrice,  for  the 
prevention   of 

PYORRHCEA  AND 
DENTAL   CARIES 

Ardico  Tooth  Powder  is  an  efificient  frictional  dentifrice,  completely  and  readily 
soluble  in  the  fluids  of  the  mouth.  It  presents  the  organic  fruit  acids  in  a  com- 
patible, soluble  base  and  in  proportions  in  which  they  may  be  safely  employed 
continuously,  with  beneficial  effect  to  the  tooth  structure  and  to  the  mucous 
epithelium.     For  further  information  and  samples  address 

C.  M.  ANDREWS 

Dealer  in  Dentists'  Supplies 

HoUingsworth  BIdg. 

Los  Angeles,  California, 

U.  S.  A. 


PACIFIC  DENTAL  SUPPLY  CO. 


412  W.  Sixth  St. 


New  Location 
Suite  1210  Baker-Detwiler  Bldg. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


A.  J.  BROWN  CO.,  Dental  Supplies 


505-506  Butler  Building 
SAN  FRANCISCO 


Goldsmith  Bros.  Specialties  Evslin  Interchangeable  Teeth 


203-212  Cons.  Realty  Building 
LOS  ANGELES 


Vincent  Matraia,  President 


Julius  Eppstein,  Secretary 


Art  Floral  Company 

(Incorporated) 


For  Cut  Ftoiuers,  Floral  Designs  and  Table  Decorations 


T 


HE  Pieper  exhibit,  showing  "Diafram"  Casting  Flasks  and  Casting  Outfits, 
is  located  near  the  head  of  the  first  aisle  to  the  left  of  the  main  entrance. 

PIEPER  DENTAL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

SAN  JOSE,  CALIFORNIA 


A  complete  line  of  Dental  Supplies 
will  be  found  at  the 

Western  Dental  Supply  Co. 

If  in  Salt  Lake,  would  be  pleased 
to  have  you  look  us  up 

SALT  LAKE  DENTAL 
LABORATORY 

Where  you  get  Service 
and  Quality 

311  Kearns  Building 
SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH 

We    NewhOUSe     Hotel       .„„  Koo..-Eve.v  .0.  an  o.sia.  .0.  .UH  a  b.., 

SALT  •   LAKE  •  CITY  •  UTAH      ^^     ^,      ^            Rates  $1.50  and  up 

The  Newhouse  Hotel  is  the  latest  word  in  structure 
[^3                                          and  equipment.                       F.  W.  Paget,  Manager. 

The  J.    Durbin   Surgical   and   Dental   Supply   Company 

We  carry  a  complete  line  of  Dental  Equipment,  Teeth 

and  Dental  Supplies.    Your  next  Dental  Outfit  should  be 

installed  by  "Durbins".    We  guarantee  satisfaction. 

Mail  orders  promptly  and  accurately  filled. 

332-334  Main  Street                                                     Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

Science  Triumph 

A  Mouth  Mirror  you  can  Sterilize          A  Broach  that  is  Unbreakable 

Manufactured  by  Union  Broach  Company,  Inc. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A.                        Ask  for  catalogne  and  pHce  list  on  all  our  instrumenU  and  speHalties 

Famous  Fidelity  Polishing  Motor 

X-Ray  Coils 
Surgical  Instruments 

..for.. 
Dental  Surgeons 

PERCY  J.  MEYER  iff  CO. 

359  Sutter  Street  •  San  Francisco 

Sutter  2190 

^■KfHfl^                         Why  pay  more  when 

^^^^^HrH            Complete  with   attachments 

^^■^■B                    as   illustrated,   and  variable 

^^■VT                    speed  for                         or 

^^^^^■tt                    direct  currem.  «14.00. 

^^^^BB^                Order  direct  or  throuch  your 

^^"^^^^                suaded  to"take''a  substitute' 

Fidelity  Electric  Company            Lancaster,  Pa. 

^lilili^^ 


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m 

W 

Index 


Argentina  23 

Australia,  Dentistry  in  25 

Austria-Hungary,  Dentistry  in  29 

America,  Dentistry  in  14 

Announcements,  Congress  80 

Announcements  of  Clinic  Committee        IIT 
Committee  of  Organization  !) 

Committees,  Local  10-11 

Program 

Clinic 

Exhibit 

Transportation 

Ladies'  Auxiliary 

Local  Arrangements 

Entertainment 
Committees,  Foreign  G7,  (58 

Committees,  State   and    National 

Executive  (iO,  70 

Clinic  Committee  10 

Clinic  Committee,  Announcement  of        117 
Commission,  Pacific  Dental  Congress  9 

Canadian  Dentistry  31 

Chile,  History  of  Dentistry  in  33 

Colombia,  Dental  Profession  in  35 

Cuba,  Brief  History  of  Dentistry  in        37 
Clinics,  Section  on  117 

Churches  140 

Congress  Announcements  80 

Commercial  Announcements  147 

Denmark,  Dental  Profession  in  39 

Delta  Sigma  Delta  Fraternity  85 

Dentist,  The — An  Appreciation  125 

Exhibit  Committee  10 

Entertainment  Committee  11 

England  41 

Exhibits,   Hygiene,  Dental   Pedagogics, 

Histological,     Anthropological     a  n  d 

School  Clinics  89 

Exhibitors    and   Their   Representatives, 

List  of  145 

Executive   Committees,    State   and    Na- 
tional ()9,  70 
Foreword  5 
Finland,  The  Dentist's  Work  in                  45 
France,   Synopsis   of   the   Evolution   of 

Dentistry  in  4G 

Foreign  Committees  67,  68 

Fraternities  85-88 


Guatemala,  The  Dental  Institute  of  48 

General  Information  .       141 

Hawaii,  Dentistry  in  51 

Hospitals  and  Sanitoriums  138 

Ireland  43 

Italy,  The  State  of  Dentistry  in  49 

Information,  General  141 

Japan  53 

Local  Committees  10-11 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  Committee  11 

Local  Arrangements  Committee  11 

Membership  and  Rules  73,  74 

New  South  Wales,  Dentistry  in  26 

Netherlands  55 

New  Zealand,  Dentistry  in  56 

Officers  9 

Pacific  Dental  Congress  Commission 
Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 
Committee  of  Organization 
Organization,  Committee  of 
Pacific  Dental  Congress  Commission 
Panama-Pacific  Dental  Congress 
Program  Committee 
P.   P.   D.   C,   History   of   Organization 

and  Promotion  of 
Peru,  Dentistry  in 
Philippine  Islands,  The 
Porto  Rico,  Dental  Association  in 
Program,  Synopsis  of  General  75-79 

Psi  Omega  Fraternity  86,  87 

Panama-Pacific     International     Exposi- 
tion 130 
Points  of  Interest  in  San  Francisco 
Sweden,  Dentistry  in 
Salvador,  Dental  School  of 
Sections,  Officers  of  the 
Societies,  List  of 
San  Francisco  History 
San  Francisco,  How  to  See 
Sanatoriums,  Hospitals  and 
Transportation  Committee 
Trips,  Short  Out-of-Town 
Telegraph,  Cable  and  Express  Offices      139 
L'.    S.    Navy,    Development    of    Dental 

Service  in  21 

U.  S.  Army  Dental  Corps,  History  of        19 
Xi  Psi  Phi  Fraternity  88 


9 

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9 
9 

fP 

10 

12 

57 

61 

63 

134 

64 

65 

71 

; 

81-83 

127 

1 

133 

138 

10 

137 

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mi 


it 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


V 


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